Oko kubizwa ngokuba kukutyabeka ubhedu kukuthatha indawo yokungasebenzi kwi PCB njengenqanaba lesalathiso, emva koko ugcwalise ubhedu oluqinileyo, ezi ndawo zobhedu zikwabizwa ngokuba kukuzaliswa kobhedu. Ukubaluleka kokutyabeka ubhedu kukunciphisa ukunganyangeki kocingo lomhlaba kunye nokuphucula amandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka. Ukunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla ombane, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla; Ukuqhagamshela emhlabeni kunciphisa nendawo yeluphu.

Zeziphi izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga xa ugubungela ubhedu lwePCB

Ukugquma ubhedu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwePCB. Zombini isoftware Qingyuefeng uyilo lwesoftware kunye neProtel yamanye amazwe kunye nePowerPCB zibonelela ngomsebenzi wobhedu okrelekrele. Ke ukuba ungayisebenzisa kanjani kakuhle ubhedu, ndiza kwabelana nawe ngezimvo zam, ngethemba lokuzisa izibonelelo koontanga.

Into ebizwa ngokuba kukutyabeka ubhedu kukuthatha isithuba esingenzi nto kwi-PCB njengenqanaba lesalathiso, emva koko ugcwalise ubhedu oluqinileyo, ezi ndawo zobhedu zikwabizwa ngokuba kukuzaliswa kobhedu. Ukubaluleka kokutyabeka ubhedu kukunciphisa ukunganyangeki kocingo lomhlaba kunye nokuphucula amandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka. Ukunciphisa ukwehla kwamandla ombane, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwamandla; Ukuqhagamshela emhlabeni kunciphisa nendawo yeluphu. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa i-deformation ye-welding ye-PCB, uninzi lwabavelisi be-PCB lukwafuna ukuba abayili be-PCB bagcwalise ulusu lobhedu okanye i-grid-efana nocingo lomhlaba kwindawo evulekileyo ye-PCB. Ukuba isigqubuthelo sobhedu asiphathwa kakuhle, asizukuvuzwa kwaye siphulukane. Ngaba isigubungelo sobhedu “silunge ngakumbi kunokwenzakalisa” okanye “sengozini enkulu kunokulungileyo”?

Phantsi kwemeko yamaza aphakamileyo yaziwa ngabo bonke, kwibhodi yesekethe eshicilelweyo ye-wit capacitance iya kusebenza, xa ubude bungaphezulu kwe-1/20 yengxolo yengxolo ehambelana nobude bebanga, inokuvelisa isiphumo se-eriyali, ingxolo iya kuphuma ngaphandle kwentambo , ukuba kukho ukungcola okungalunganga okutyhidiweyo kwi-PCB, ilokhwe yobhedu yaba sisixhobo sengxolo yokuhambisa, ke ngoko, kwisekethe yokuhamba rhoqo, Musa ukucinga ukuba umhlaba kwindawo ethile onxulunyaniswe nomhlaba, lo “ngumhlaba”, kufuneka ubengaphantsi kwe-λ / 20 yesithuba, kumngxunya we-wiring, kunye nomgangatho webhodi ye-multilayer “umhlaba olungileyo”. Ukuba ityhubhu yobhedu iphathwa ngokufanelekileyo, ukutyabeka ubhedu akonyusi okwangoku kuphela, kodwa kukwadlala indima ezimbini ekukhuseleni ukuphazamiseka.

Ukugquma ubhedu ngokubanzi kuneendlela ezimbini ezisisiseko, yindawo enkulu yokugubungela ubhedu kunye negridi yobhedu, uhlala ebuzwa umntu, indawo enkulu yokugubungela ubhedu okanye igridi yokugubungela ubhedu ilungile, ukwenziwa ngokubanzi kubi. Kutheni kunjalo? Indawo enkulu yokutyabeka ubhedu, ngokunyuka okwangoku kunye nokukhusela indima ezimbini, kodwa indawo enkulu yokutyabeka ubhedu, ukuba isotting wave, ibhodi inokuba yintsimbi, okanye ibhabhule. Ke ngoko, indawo enkulu yokutyabeka ubhedu, ngokubanzi ikwavula iindawo zokubeka ezimbalwa, ukunciphisa ifoyile yobhedu, igwebu, igridi yobhedu yokutyabeka ikakhulu ikhusela, yonyusa indima yangoku iyancitshiswa, ngokwembono yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, igridi inenzuzo ( inciphisa indawo yokufudumeza yobhedu) kwaye inendima ethile ekukhuseleni i-electromagnetic shielding. Kodwa kufanele ukuba kuboniswe ukuba, igridi yenziwa ngokutshintsha icala lokusebenza, siyayazi ububanzi bomgca wesekethe kumaza omsebenzi webhodi yesekethe inobude bayo “bombane” ( Ukuhambelana rhoqo kwedijithali, iincwadi zekhonkrithi), xa ukusebenza rhoqo kungekho phezulu kakhulu, Mhlawumbi imigca yegridi ayisebenzi kakuhle, kodwa xa ubude bamandla buhambelana nokusebenza rhoqo, kubi kakhulu, kwaye ufumanisa ukuba isekethe ayisebenzi kwaphela, kwaye kukho imiqondiso ehamba kuyo yonke indawo eziphazamisa indlela esebenza ngayo le nkqubo. Ke kwabo basebenzisa iigridi, ingcebiso yam kukuba ukhethe ngokokuyilwa kwebhodi yesekethe, ungabambeleli kwinto enye. Ke isekethe ephezulu yokuhamba ngokuchasene neemfuno zokuphazanyiswa kwigridi ephezulu yeenjongo ezininzi, isekethe yamaza asezantsi inesekethe enkulu yangoku kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokufuthi zokubeka ubhedu.

Sele sithethile kakhulu, kufuneka sinike ingqalelo kwezo ngxaki kufakelo lobhedu ukuze sifezekise isiphumo esifunekayo sokubopha ubhedu:

1. Ukuba kukho umhlaba omninzi we-PCB, i-SGND, i-AGND, i-GND, njl., Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa owona “mhlaba” ubaluleke kakhulu njengereferensi yokunxiba ngokuzimeleyo ubhedu ngokobume bePB eyahlukeneyo. Akukhankanywanga ukuba umhlaba wedijithali kunye nomhlaba we-analog ziboshwe ngokwahlukeneyo ngobhedu, ngaxeshanye, ngaphambi kokugubungela ubhedu, iintambo zombane ezihambelanayo kufuneka ziqiniswe: 5.0V, 3.3V, njl. Ngale ndlela, izakhiwo ze-deformation ezininzi zenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

2. Ukuqhagamshela inqaku elinye kumhlaba owahlukileyo, indlela kukudibanisa nge-0 ohms ukumelana okanye ubuhlalu bemagnethi okanye inductance;

3. Ukutyabeka kweCopper kufutshane ne-crystal oscillator, i-oscillator yekristale kwisekethe ngumthombo wokukhutshwa kwesantya esiphakamileyo, esingumaleko wobhedu ojikeleze i-crystal oscillator, emva koko iqokobhe le-oscillator yekristale lizimele ngokwahlukeneyo.

4. Isiqithi (indawo efileyo) ingxaki, ukuba ucinga ukuba inkulu kakhulu, ke ayisiyongxaki ukucacisa umngxunya kunye nokuwongeza.

5. Ekuqaleni kweentambo, umhlaba kufuneka uphathwe ngokulinganayo. Xa ucingo lubekwe, umhlaba kufuneka uhambe kakuhle.

6. Kungcono ukungabi nee-engile ezibukhali ebhodini (“= i-180 degrees”), kuba ngokwembono ye-electromagnetism, le nto yenza i-eriyali edlulisayo!

7. Musa ukugubungela ubhedu kwindawo evulekileyo yocingo lwe-multilayer. Kungenxa yokuba kunzima ukufumana ubhedu lobhedu ukuba “lubekwe kakuhle.”

8. Qinisekisa ukuba izinyithi ezingaphakathi kweso sixhobo, ezifana nesinki yobushushu bentsimbi kunye nesiqwenga sesinyithi esomeleza isiseko somhlaba.

9. Ibhloko yentsimbi esasaza ubushushu yesilawuli sesithathu kufuneka ibekwe kakuhle. Ibhanti yokuzahlula emhlabeni ecaleni kwecrystal oscillator kufuneka ibekwe kakuhle. Ngamafutshane: ukutyabeka ubhedu kwi-PCB, ukuba ingxaki yokusombulula iphethwe kakuhle, ngokuqinisekileyo “ilungile kunokubi”, inokunciphisa indawo yokubuyela umva yomgca wesiginali, ukunciphisa uphawu lwangaphandle lokuphazanyiswa kombane.