Okubizwa ngensimbi yokumboza ukuthatha isikhala sokungenzi lutho ku- PCB njengezinga lesethenjwa, bese ugcwalisa ithusi eliqinile, lezi zindawo zethusi zibizwa nangokuthi ukugcwaliswa kwethusi. Ukubaluleka kokumbozwa ngethusi ukunciphisa impedance yocingo lomhlabathi nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka. Nciphisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla; Ukuxhuma emhlabathini nakho kunciphisa indawo yeluphu.

Yiziphi izinzuzo nezinkinga lapho umboza ithusi le-PCB

Ukumboza ithusi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB. Kokubili isoftware yeQingyuefeng PCB design software kanye neProtel yangaphandle nePowerPCB inikezela ngomsebenzi wokumboza wethusi ohlakaniphile. Ngakho-ke ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle ithusi, ngizokwabelana nawe ngeminye yemibono yami, ngethemba lokuletha izinzuzo kontanga.

Okubizwa ngensimbi yokumboza ukuthatha isikhala esingenzi lutho ku-PCB njengezinga lesethenjwa, bese ugcwalisa ithusi eliqinile, lezi zindawo zethusi zibizwa nangokuthi ukugcwaliswa kwethusi. Ukubaluleka kokumbozwa ngethusi ukunciphisa impedance yocingo lomhlabathi nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka. Nciphisa ukwehla kwamandla kagesi, uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla; Ukuxhuma emhlabathini nakho kunciphisa indawo yeluphu. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusikeka kokushisela kwe-PCB, iningi labakhiqizi be-PCB lidinga abaklami be-PCB ukuthi bagcwalise isikhumba sethusi noma i-grid-wire wire endaweni evulekile ye-PCB. Uma isembozo sethusi singaphathwa kahle, ngeke siklonyeliswe futhi silahlekelwe. Ngabe ukumbozwa kwethusi “kuhle kunokulimaza” noma “kulimaza kakhulu kunokuhle”?

Ngaphansi kwesimo semvamisa ephezulu kwaziwa yibo bonke, ebhodini lesifunda lebhodi le-wiring capacitance lizosebenza, lapho ubude bungaphezu kwe-1/20 yemvamisa yomsindo ehambelana nobude bebanga, bungakhipha umphumela we-antenna, umsindo uzoqala ngokusebenzisa izintambo , uma kukhona ithusi elimboziwe elimbozwe ku-PCB, okugqokiwe ithusi kwaba yithuluzi lomsindo wokudlulisa, ngakho-ke, kumjikelezo omkhulu wemvamisa, Ungacabangi ukuthi umhlabathi ndawana thize oxhunywe nomhlabathi, lona yi “ground”, kumele ube ngaphansi kuka-λ / 20 wesikhala, emgodini wezintambo, nasephansi webhodi le-multilayer “grounding”. Uma ukumbozwa kwethusi kuphathwa kahle, ukumbozwa kwethusi akugcini ngokwandisa okwamanje, kodwa futhi kudlala indima ebili ekuvikeleni ukuphazamiseka.

Ukumboza ithusi ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo, indawo enkulu yokumboza ithusi negridi yethusi, imvamisa othile ebuzwa, indawo enkulu yokumboza ithusi noma igridi yethusi yokumboza muhle, ukwenziwa okubi. Kungani kunjalo? Indawo enkulu yokumboza ithusi, enendima yamanje neyokuvikela indima ebili, kepha indawo enkulu yethusi yokumboza, uma i-wave soldering, ibhodi lingasonteka, noma lize libe bubble. Ngakho-ke, indawo enkulu yokumboza ithusi, imvamisa futhi ivula izikhala ezimbalwa, yehlisa ucwecwe lwethusi olwe amagwebu, igridi yethusi emhlophe yokuvikela ivikela ikakhulukazi, yandisa indima yamanje incishisiwe, ngokombono wokushabalalisa ukushisa, igridi inenzuzo ( inciphisa indawo yokushisa yethusi) futhi inendima ethile ekuvikeleni ngogesi. Kepha kufanele kuvezwe ukuthi, igridi yenziwa ngokushintshana kokuqondisa kokusebenza, siyazi ngobubanzi bomugqa wesifunda wemvamisa yokusebenza yebhodi lesifunda linobude bayo “kagesi” ( imvamisa yedijithali ehambisanayo, izincwadi zikakhonkolo), lapho imvamisa yokusebenza ingekho phezulu kakhulu, Mhlawumbe ulayini wegridi awusebenzi kahle, kepha uma ubude bamandla bufana nemvamisa yokusebenza, kubi kakhulu, bese uthola ukuthi isekethe alisebenzi nhlobo, futhi kukhona amasiginali ahamba yonke indawo lokho kuphazamisa indlela uhlelo olusebenza ngayo. Ngakho-ke kulabo abasebenzisa igridi, iseluleko sami ukuthi ukhethe ngokuklanywa kwebhodi lesifunda, ungabambeleli entweni eyodwa. Ngakho-ke isekhethi lemvamisa ephezulu ngokumelene nezidingo zokuphazanyiswa kwegridi ephezulu yezinhloso eziningi, isekethe elinemvamisa ephansi linesifunda esikhulu samanje nokunye ukubekwa okuphelele okusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile.

Njengoba sesishilo okuningi, sidinga ukunaka lezo zinkinga zokufakwa kwamatshe ethusi ukuze sikwazi ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo wokufakwa kwamathusi:

1. Uma kunenhlabathi eminingi ye-PCB, i-SGND, i-AGND, i-GND, njll., Kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa “umhlabathi” obaluleke kakhulu njengereferensi yokugqoka ngokuzimela ithusi ngokuya ngesikhundla se-PCB esihlukile. Akushiwo ukuthi umhlabathi wedijithali nomhlabathi we-analog kufana nethusi eliboshwe eceleni, ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphambi kokumboza ithusi, izintambo zamandla ezihambisanayo kufanele ziqine: 5.0V, 3.3V, njll. Ngale ndlela, kwakhiwa izakhiwo eziningi zokusonteka zezimo ezihlukile.

2. Ngokuxhuma kwephuzu elilodwa lomhlabathi ohlukile, indlela ukuxhuma ngo-0 ohms ukumelana noma ubuhlalu bamagnetic noma i-inductance;

3. Ukumboza ithusi eduze ne-crystal oscillator, i-crystal oscillator eseketini ingumthombo wokukhishwa kwemvamisa ephezulu, okuyimbozo yethusi ezungeze i-crystal oscillator, bese kuthi igobolondo le-crystal oscillator lihlukaniswe ngokwehlukana.

4. Inkinga yesiqhingi (indawo efile), uma ucabanga ukuthi inkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke akuyona inkinga enkulu ukuchaza imbobo bese uyifaka.

5. Ekuqaleni kwentambo, umhlabathi kufanele uphathwe ngokulinganayo. Lapho ucingo lubekwa, inhlabathi kufanele ihambe kahle.

6. Kungcono ukungabi nama-engeli acijile ebhodini (“= 180 degrees”), ngoba ngokombono we-electromagnetism, lokhu kwakha i-antenna edlulisayo!

7. Ungayimbozi ithusi endaweni evulekile yezintambo zesendlalelo esiphakathi se-multilayer. Ngoba kunzima ukwenza ukuthi ukumbozwa kwethusi kube “nesisekelo esihle.”

8. Qiniseka ukuthi izinsimbi ezingaphakathi kocingo, njengesinki yokushisa yensimbi nomugqa wensimbi wokuqinisa insimbi, zakhiwe kahle.

9. Ibhulokhi yokushiswa kokushisa kwesilawuli esinama-terminal amathathu kufanele ibekeke kahle. Ibhande lokuhlukanisa isisekelo eduze kwe-crystal oscillator kufanele libe phansi kahle. Ngamafuphi: ukumbozwa kwethusi ku-PCB, uma inkinga yokuxazulula inkinga kusingathwa kahle ngayo, ngokuqinisekile “kuhle kakhulu kunokubi”, kunganciphisa indawo yokubuyela emuva kulayini wesiginali, kunciphise ukuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle kwe-electromagnetic.