Bwino kwambiri PCB njira yopangira: Zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe muyenera kuziganizira posankha zigawo za PCB potengera kuyika kwa zigawo. Zitsanzo zonse zomwe zili m’nkhaniyi zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito malo opangira MulTIsim, koma malingaliro omwewo amagwirabe ntchito ngakhale ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za EDA.

1. Ganizirani za kusankha kwa chigawocho

Pagawo lonse lojambula zojambulajambula, zisankho zamagulu ndi mapangidwe a nthaka zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa pagawo la masanjidwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Malingaliro ena oti muwaganizire posankha zigawo zochokera kumagulu azinthu zaperekedwa pansipa.

Kumbukirani kuti phukusili limaphatikizapo zolumikizira zamagetsi ndi miyeso yamakina (X, Y, ndi Z) ya chigawocho, ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe a gawo la thupi ndi mapini omwe amalumikizana ndi PCB. Mukasankha zigawo, muyenera kuganizira zoletsa zilizonse zoyikapo kapena zoyika zomwe zingakhalepo pamwamba ndi pansi pa PCB yomaliza. Zigawo zina (monga polar capacitors) zingakhale ndi zoletsa zamutu wapamwamba, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posankha chigawo. Kumayambiriro kwa kamangidwe, mukhoza choyamba kujambula zofunika dera bolodi chimango mawonekedwe, ndiyeno ikani zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena udindo-ovuta (monga zolumikizira) kuti mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwanjira imeneyi, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a bolodi (popanda waya) amatha kuwoneka mwachidwi komanso mwachangu, ndipo mawonekedwe achibale ndi kutalika kwa gawo la bolodi ndi zigawo zake zitha kuperekedwa molondola. Izi zidzathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zigawozo zikhoza kuikidwa bwino muzovala zakunja (zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, chassis, chassis, etc.) pambuyo posonkhanitsa PCB. Pemphani zowonera za 3D kuchokera pamenyu ya Zida kuti musakatule gulu lonse ladera.

Mtundu wamtunda umasonyeza dziko lenileni kapena mawonekedwe a chipangizo chogulitsidwa pa PCB. Mapangidwe amkuwa awa pa PCB alinso ndi chidziwitso cha mawonekedwe. Kukula kwa dongosolo la nthaka kuyenera kukhala koyenera kuti kuwonetsetse kuti kutsekedwa koyenera ndi makina olondola ndi otenthetsera kukhulupirika kwa zigawo zolumikizidwa. Pamene kupanga masanjidwe PCB, muyenera kuganizira mmene bolodi dera adzapangidwa, kapena ziyangoyango adzakhala soldered ngati pamanja soldered. Reflow soldering (flux imasungunuka mu ng’anjo yotentha yotentha kwambiri) imatha kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zambiri zokwera pamwamba (SMD). Wave soldering nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugulitsa mbali yakumbuyo ya board board kuti akonze zida zapabowo, koma imathanso kuthana ndi zida zina zapamtunda zomwe zimayikidwa kumbuyo kwa PCB. Kawirikawiri, pogwiritsira ntchito teknolojiyi, zipangizo zokwera pansi pamtunda ziyenera kukonzedwa mwanjira inayake, ndipo kuti zigwirizane ndi njira yogulitsira iyi, mapepala angafunikire kusinthidwa.

Kusankhidwa kwa zigawozo kungasinthidwe panthawi yonse ya mapangidwe. Kudziwa zida zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zopukutidwa kudzera m’mabowo (PTH) ndi zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchitoukadaulo wapamtunda (SMT) koyambirira kwa kamangidwe zimathandizira kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa PCB. Zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi monga mtengo wa chipangizo, kupezeka, kuchuluka kwa malo a chipangizo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi zopanga, zida zokwera pamwamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo kuposa zida zapabowo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopezeka kwambiri. Kwa mapulojekiti ang’onoang’ono ndi apakatikati, ndi bwino kusankha zida zazikulu zokwera pamwamba kapena zida zapabowo, zomwe sizimangothandizira kugulitsa pamanja, komanso zimathandizira kulumikizana bwino kwa mapepala ndi ma siginecha pakuwunika zolakwika ndikuwongolera.

Ngati palibe phukusi lokonzekera mu database, kawirikawiri phukusi lachizolowezi limapangidwa mu chida.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yabwino yoyambira pansi

Onetsetsani kuti mapangidwewo ali ndi ma bypass capacitor okwanira ndi ndege zapansi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito dera lophatikizika, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira choyenera cholumikizira pafupi ndi potengera mphamvu pansi (makamaka ndege yapansi). Mphamvu yoyenera ya capacitor imadalira ntchito yeniyeni, teknoloji ya capacitor ndi maulendo ogwiritsira ntchito. Pamene bypass capacitor imayikidwa pakati pa mphamvu ndi zikhomo pansi ndikuyika pafupi ndi pini yolondola ya IC, kugwirizanitsa kwa electromagnetic ndi kutengeka kwa dera kumatha kukonzedwa.

3. Perekani phukusi pafupifupi chigawo

Sindikizani bilu yazinthu (BOM) kuti muwone zinthu zenizeni. Chigawo chowonekera chilibe zolongedza zomwe zikugwirizana nazo ndipo sichidzasamutsidwa kugawo la masanjidwe. Pangani bilu yazinthu ndikuwonera zigawo zonse zomwe zili pamapangidwewo. Zinthu zokhazo ziyenera kukhala mphamvu ndi zizindikiro zapansi, chifukwa zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zigawo zenizeni, zomwe zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito m’makonzedwe apangidwe ndipo sizidzaperekedwa ku mapangidwe apangidwe. Pokhapokha ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera, zigawo zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu gawo lenileni ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zigawo zotsekedwa.

4. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi data yonse ya zinthu

Onani ngati pali deta yokwanira mu lipoti la bilu ya zida. Pambuyo popanga lipoti labizinesi yazinthu, ndikofunikira kuyang’ana mosamalitsa ndikumaliza chidziwitso chosakwanira cha chipangizocho, ogulitsa kapena opanga pazolemba zonse.

5. Sanjani molingana ndi chizindikiro cha chigawo

Kuti muthandizire kusanja ndi kuwonera bilu ya zida, onetsetsani kuti manambala a zigawozo alembedwa motsatizana.

6. Yang’anani ngati pali mabwalo a zipata osafunikira

Nthawi zambiri, zolowetsa zonse za zipata zosafunikira ziyenera kukhala ndi ma siginecha olumikizirana kuti apewe kulendewera zolowera. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang’ana zipata zonse zosafunikira kapena zomwe zikusowa, ndipo ma terminals onse opanda waya ali olumikizidwa kwathunthu. Nthawi zina, ngati cholumikizira chayimitsidwa, dongosolo lonse silingagwire ntchito moyenera. Tengani awiri op amp omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga. Ngati imodzi yokha ya op amp ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zapawiri op amp IC, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito op amp ina, kapena kuyikapo mwayi wa op amp osagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikuyika phindu logwirizana (kapena phindu lina) ) Network ya ndemanga kuti muwonetsetse kuti gawo lonse litha kugwira ntchito moyenera.

Nthawi zina, ma IC okhala ndi zikhomo zoyandama sangagwire ntchito moyenera mkati mwazomwe zafotokozedwa. Kawirikawiri kokha pamene chipangizo cha IC kapena zipata zina mu chipangizo chomwecho sizikugwira ntchito m’malo odzaza-zolowera kapena zotulutsa zili pafupi kapena muzitsulo zamagetsi za chigawocho, IC iyi ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za index ikagwira ntchito. Kuyerekeza nthawi zambiri sikungathe kufotokoza izi, chifukwa choyerekeza nthawi zambiri sichimalumikiza magawo angapo a IC palimodzi kuti awonetse momwe kulumikizana kumayandama.