Okuncono PCB indlela yokuklama: Izinto eziyisithupha okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha izingxenye ze-PCB ngokusekelwe emaphaketheni engxenye. Zonke izibonelo kulesi sihloko zakhiwe kusetshenziswa imvelo yokuklama ye-MulTIsim, kodwa imiqondo efanayo isasebenza ngisho nangamathuluzi e-EDA ahlukene.

1. Cabangela ukukhetha kwengxenye yokupakisha

Kuso sonke isigaba somdwebo wohlelo, izinqumo zokupakishwa kwengxenye kanye nephethini yomhlaba okudingeka zenziwe esigabeni sokuhlela kufanele zicatshangelwe. Ezinye iziphakamiso okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izingxenye ezisuselwe ekufakweni kwengxenye zinikezwa ngezansi.

Khumbula ukuthi iphakheji ihlanganisa ukuxhunywa kwephedi kagesi kanye nobukhulu bemishini (X, Y, no-Z) bengxenye, okungukuthi, umumo wengxenye yomzimba namaphinikhodi axhumeka ku-PCB. Lapho ukhetha izingxenye, udinga ukucabangela noma yimiphi imikhawulo yokukhweza noma yokupakisha okungenzeka ibe khona ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu neziphansi ze-PCB yokugcina. Ezinye izingxenye (njengama-polar capacitor) zingase zibe nemikhawulo ephezulu ye-headroom, edinga ukucatshangelwa kunqubo yokukhetha ingxenye. Ekuqaleni komklamo, ungaqala ukudweba uhlaka oluyisisekelo lwebhodi lesifunda, bese ubeka izingxenye ezinkulu noma ezibucayi (njengezixhumi) ohlela ukuzisebenzisa. Ngale ndlela, ukubuka okubonakalayo kwebhodi lesifunda (ngaphandle kwezintambo) kungabonakala ngokunembile futhi ngokushesha, futhi ukuma okuhlobene nokuphakama kwengxenye yebhodi lesifunda kanye nezingxenye kunganikezwa ngokunembile. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izingxenye zingafakwa ngokufanele emaphaketheni angaphandle (imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, i-chassis, i-chassis, njll.) ngemva kokuba i-PCB isiqoqwe. Cela imodi yokubuka kuqala ye-3D kumenyu Yamathuluzi ukuze uphequlule lonke ibhodi lesekethe.

Iphethini yomhlaba ibonisa izwe langempela noma ngesimo sedivayisi edayisiwe ku-PCB. Lawa maphethini ethusi ku-PCB aqukethe nolunye ulwazi oluyisisekelo lomumo. Ubukhulu bephethini yomhlaba kumele bube bulungile ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-solder efanele kanye nobuqotho obufanele bemishini kanye nokushisa kwezingxenye ezixhunyiwe. Lapho uklama isakhiwo se-PCB, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda lizokhiqizwa kanjani, noma ukuthi amaphedi azothengiswa kanjani uma ethengiswa ngesandla. I-Reflow soldering (i-flux iyancibilika esithandweni sokushisa esiphezulu esilawulwayo) ingaphatha amadivaysi amaningi okukhweza komhlaba (SMD). I-Wave soldering ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthengisa uhlangothi olungemuva lwebhodi lesifunda ukulungisa amadivaysi embobo, kodwa futhi ingaphatha ezinye izinto zokukhweza ezibekwe ngemuva kwe-PCB. Ngokuvamile, lapho usebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, amadivaysi okukhweza angaphansi komhlaba kufanele ahlelwe ngendlela ethile, futhi ukuze avumelane nale ndlela yokuhlanganisa, amaphedi angase adinge ukuguqulwa.

Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye kungashintshwa phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokuklama. Ukunquma ukuthi yimaphi amadivaysi okufanele asetshenziswe i-pled through holes (PTH) futhi okufanele asebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokukhweza komhlaba (SMT) ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuklama kuzosiza ukuhlelwa kukonke kwe-PCB. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka izindleko zedivayisi, ukutholakala, ukuminyana kwendawo yedivayisi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, nokunye. Ngokombono wokukhiqiza, izisetshenziswa zokukhweza phezulu ngokuvamile zishibhile kunezimbobo zembobo futhi ngokuvamile ziba nokutholakala okuphezulu. Kumaphrojekthi we-prototype amancane naphakathi, kungcono ukukhetha amadivaysi amakhulu okukhweza phezulu noma amadivaysi embobo, angagcini nje ngokusiza ukuhlanganisa ngesandla, kodwa futhi ahlele ukuxhumana okungcono kwamaphedi namasignali ngesikhathi sokuhlola iphutha nokulungisa iphutha.

Uma lingekho iphakheji esenziwe ngomumo ku-database, ngokuvamile iphakheji yangokwezifiso yenziwa ethuluzini.

2. Sebenzisa indlela enhle yokubeka phansi

Qinisekisa ukuthi umklamo unama-bypass capacitor anele kanye nezindiza eziphansi. Uma usebenzisa isifunda esihlanganisiwe, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-decoupling capacitor efanelekile eduze kwetheminali yamandla phansi (okungcono indiza ephansi). Umthamo ofanele we-capacitor uncike kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, ubuchwepheshe be-capacitor kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza. Lapho i-bypass capacitor ibekwa phakathi kwamandla namaphini aphansi futhi ibekwe eduze nephinikhodi ye-IC efanele, ukuhambisana nozibuthe kagesi kanye nokuba sengozini kwesekethe kungathuthukiswa.

3. Nikeza iphakheji yengxenye ebonakalayo

Phrinta ibhili yezinto zokwakha (BOM) ukuze uhlole izingxenye ezibonakalayo. Ingxenye ebonakalayo ayinakho ukupakishwa okuhlobene futhi ngeke idluliselwe esigabeni sesakhiwo. Dala isikweletu sezinto zokwakha bese ubuka zonke izingxenye ezibonakalayo ekwakhiweni. Izinto kuphela kufanele zibe amasignali amandla kanye nomhlabathi, ngoba zibhekwa njengezingxenye ezibonakalayo, ezicutshungulwa kuphela endaweni ye-schematic futhi ngeke zidluliselwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo. Ngaphandle kwalapho isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokulingisa, izingxenye eziboniswa engxenyeni ebonakalayo kufanele zithathelwe indawo yizingxenye ezihlanganisiwe.

4. Qiniseka ukuthi unedatha ephelele ye-bill of material

Hlola ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini idatha eyanele embikweni webhili yezinto zokwakha. Ngemva kokudala umbiko webhili yempahla, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela futhi ugcwalise idivayisi engaphelele, umhlinzeki noma ulwazi lomkhiqizi kukho konke okufakiwe kwezingxenye.

5. Hlunga ngokwelebula yengxenye

Ukuze kube lula ukuhlungwa nokubukwa kwebhili yezinto zokwakha, qiniseka ukuthi izinombolo zezingxenye zinezinombolo ezilandelanayo.

6. Hlola amasekhethi esango angasebenzi

Ngokuvamile, zonke izinto ezifakiwe zamasango angasasebenzi kufanele zibe nokuxhunywa kwesignali ukuze kugwenywe ukulenga amatheminali okokufaka. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlole wonke amasekhethi esango angasasebenzi noma angekho, futhi wonke amatheminali okokufaka angenazintambo axhumeke ngokugcwele. Kwezinye izimo, uma itheminali yokufaka imisiwe, lonke uhlelo alukwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanele. Thatha i-dual op amp evame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni. Uma kusetshenziswa eyodwa kuphela yama-op amp ezingxenyeni ezikabili op amp IC, kuyanconywa ukuthi usebenzise enye i-op amp, noma ugxilise okokufaka kwe-op amp engasetshenziswa, futhi kusetshenziswe inzuzo yobunye efanelekile (noma enye inzuzo) ) Inethiwekhi yempendulo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke ingxenye ingasebenza ngokujwayelekile.

Kwezinye izimo, ama-IC anamaphini antantayo angase angasebenzi ngokuvamile phakathi kwebanga lokucaciswa. Ngokuvamile kuphela uma idivayisi ye-IC noma amanye amasango kudivayisi efanayo engasebenzi esimweni esigcwele-okufakwayo noma okukhiphayo kuseduze noma kumzila wamandla wengxenye, le IC ingahlangabezana nezimfuneko zenkomba uma isebenza. Ukulingisa ngokuvamile akukwazi ukuthwebula lesi simo, ngoba imodeli yokulingisa ngokuvamile ayixhumi izingxenye eziningi ze-IC ndawonye ukuze imodeli yomphumela wokuxhuma ontantayo.