Egqibelele PCB indlela yoyilo: Izinto ezintandathu ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha amacandelo e-PCB asekelwe kwipakethe yecandelo. Yonke imizekelo kweli nqaku yaphuhliswa kusetyenziswa imeko-bume yoyilo ye-MulTIsim, kodwa iikhonsepthi ezifanayo zisasebenza nangezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-EDA.

1. Qwalasela ukhetho lokupakishwa kwecandelo

Kulo lonke inqanaba lomzobo weskimu, ukupakishwa kwecandelo kunye nezigqibo zepateni yomhlaba ekufuneka zenziwe kwinqanaba loyilo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ezinye iingcebiso ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha amacandelo asekelwe kwipakethe yecandelo anikwe ngezantsi.

Khumbula ukuba iphakheji ibandakanya uqhagamshelwano lwephedi yombane kunye nemilinganiselo yomatshini (X, Y, kunye no-Z) yecandelo, oko kukuthi, imilo yecandelo lomzimba kunye nezikhonkwane ezidibanisa kwi-PCB. Xa ukhetha amacandelo, kufuneka uqwalasele naziphi na izithintelo zokunyuswa okanye ukupakishwa ezinokubakho kumaleko aphezulu nasezantsi ePCB yokugqibela. Amanye amacandelo (njengama-polar capacitors) anokuba nezithintelo eziphezulu ze-headroom, ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwinkqubo yokukhethwa kwecandelo. Ekuqaleni koyilo, unokuqala ukuzoba imilo yesakhelo sebhodi yesekethe esisiseko, kwaye emva koko ubeke amacandelo amakhulu okanye isikhundla esibalulekileyo (njengezihlanganisi) oceba ukuzisebenzisa. Ngale ndlela, imbono ebonakalayo yebhodi yesekethe (ngaphandle kwe-wiring) inokubonwa nge-intuitively kwaye ngokukhawuleza, kwaye indawo ehambelanayo kunye nokuphakama kwecandelo lebhodi yesekethe kunye namacandelo anganikwa ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo anokubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwipakethe yangaphandle (imveliso yeplastiki, i-chassis, i-chassis, njl.) Emva kokuba i-PCB ihlanganiswe. Biza imowudi yokujonga i-3D kwimenyu yeZixhobo ukukhangela yonke ibhodi yesekethe.

Ipatheni yomhlaba ibonisa owona mhlaba okanye ngokumila kwesixhobo esithengiswayo kwiPCB. Ezi patheni zobhedu kwi-PCB nazo ziqulethe ulwazi oluthile olusisiseko. Ubungakanani bepateni yomhlaba kufuneka buchaneke ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-solder echanekileyo kunye nokunyaniseka komatshini kunye ne-thermal yamacandelo adibeneyo. Xa uyila ubeko PCB, kufuneka uqwalasele indlela ibhodi yesekethe iya kuveliswa, okanye indlela iipads ziya kuthengiswa ukuba ithengiswe ngesandla. I-Reflow soldering (i-flux iyancibilika kwisithando somlilo esilawulwayo esiphezulu) inokusingatha uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokunyuka kwendawo (SMD). I-Wave soldering idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukuthengisa icala elingasemva lebhodi yesekethe ukulungisa izixhobo zomngxuma, kodwa inokuphatha ezinye izinto ezibekwe ngasemva kwePCB. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa usebenzisa le teknoloji, izixhobo ezisezantsi zokunyuka kwendawo kufuneka zilungiswe ngendlela ethile, kwaye ukwenzela ukuba ulungelelanise le ndlela yokudibanisa, iipads zingadinga ukuguqulwa.

Ukukhethwa kwamacandelo kunokutshintshwa ngexesha lonke inkqubo yoyilo. Ukumisela ukuba zeziphi izixhobo ekufuneka zisebenzise i-plad through holes (PTH) kwaye zeziphi ekufuneka zisebenzise i-surface Mount technology (SMT) kwangethuba kwinkqubo yoyilo kuya kunceda ucwangciso lulonke lwe-PCB. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka iindleko zesixhobo, ukufumaneka, ukuxinana kwendawo yesixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, njalo njalo. Ngokwembono yokuvelisa, izixhobo eziphezu komhlaba zixabisa ixabiso eliphantsi kunezixhobo zokuphuma emngxunyeni kwaye zifumaneka ngokubanzi. Kwiiprojekthi zeprototype ezincinci kunye neziphakathi, kungcono ukhethe izixhobo ezinkulu zokukhwela umphezulu okanye izixhobo zokungena emngxunyeni, ezingaququzeleli kuphela i-soldering manual, kodwa ziququzelele uxhulumaniso olungcono lweepads kunye neempawu ngexesha lokujonga iimpazamo kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo.

Ukuba akukho phakheji esele yenziwe kwi-database, ngokuqhelekileyo iphakheji yesiko yenziwe kwisixhobo.

2. Sebenzisa indlela efanelekileyo yokumisa

Qinisekisa ukuba uyilo lune-bypass capacitors ezaneleyo kunye neenqwelomoya zomhlaba. Xa usebenzisa i-circuit edibeneyo, qiniseka ukusebenzisa i-capacitor efanelekileyo yokuqhawula kufuphi ne-terminal yamandla emhlabeni (ngokukhethekileyo indiza ephantsi). Umthamo ofanelekileyo we-capacitor uxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile, iteknoloji ye-capacitor kunye nokusebenza rhoqo. Xa i-bypass capacitor ifakwe phakathi kwamandla kunye nezikhonkwane zomhlaba kwaye zibekwe kufuphi nepini ye-IC echanekileyo, ukuhambelana kwe-electromagnetic kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwesiphaluka kunokulungiswa.

3. Yabela iphakheji yecandelo lenyani

Shicilela i-bill of materials (BOM) yokujonga amacandelo enyani. Icandelo lenyani alinayo ipakethe ehambelanayo kwaye ayizukudluliselwa kwinqanaba loyilo. Yenza ibhili yemathiriyeli kwaye emva koko ujonge onke amacandelo kuyilo. Izinto kuphela kufuneka zibe namandla kunye neempawu zomhlaba, kuba zibhekwa njengezixhobo ezibonakalayo, ezicutshungulwa kuphela kwimeko yeskimu kwaye aziyi kudluliselwa kuyilo loyilo. Ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziselwa iinjongo zokulinganisa, iikhomponenti eziboniswe kwinxalenye yenyani kufuneka itshintshwe ngamacandelo afihliweyo.

4. Qinisekisa ukuba unebhili epheleleyo yedatha yemathiriyeli

Jonga ukuba kukho idatha eyaneleyo kwingxelo yempahla yexabiso. Emva kokudala i-bill of materials report, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ngokucophelela kwaye ugcwalise isixhobo esingaphelelanga, umthengisi okanye ulwazi lomenzi kuwo onke amangenelo amacandelo.

5. Hlela ngokweleyibhile yecandelo

Ukuze kube lula ukuhlenga-hlengiswa nokujongwa kwebhili yezixhobo, qinisekisa ukuba amanani amacandelo anenombolo ngokulandelelanayo.

6. Khangela iisekethe zesango ezingasafunekiyo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, onke amagalelo amasango angafunekiyo kufuneka abe noqhagamshelo lomqondiso ukuphepha ukujingisa iitheminali zokufakelwa. Qinisekisa ukuba utshekishe zonke iisekethe ezingafunekiyo okanye ezilahlekileyo zesango, kwaye zonke iitheminali zongeniso ezingenacingo ziqhagamshelwe ngokupheleleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba i-terminal yegalelo inqunyanyisiwe, yonke inkqubo ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Thatha i-op amp ephindwe kabini esetyenziswa rhoqo kuyilo. Ukuba enye kuphela op amps isetyenziswa kumacandelo amabini op amp IC, kuyacetyiswa ukuba mhlawumbi usebenzise enye op amp, okanye umhlaba igalelo op amp engasetyenziswanga, kwaye abeke inzuzo umanyano olufanelekileyo (okanye enye inzuzo) ) Uthungelwano lwengxelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba icandelo lonke linokusebenza ngokwesiqhelo.

Kwezinye iimeko, ii-ICs ezinezikhonkwane ezidadayo zisenokungasebenzi ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi koluhlu oluchaziweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela xa isixhobo se-IC okanye amanye amasango kwisixhobo esifanayo engasebenzi kwindawo ehluthisiweyo-igalelo okanye imveliso isondele okanye kumzila wamandla wecandelo, le IC inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zesalathisi xa isebenza. Ukulinganisa ngokuqhelekileyo akunakukwazi ukuyibamba le meko, kuba imodeli yokulinganisa ngokubanzi ayidibanisi iindawo ezininzi ze-IC kunye ukwenza imodeli yesiphumo soqhagamshelwano oludadayo.