Qalabka elektaroonigga ah, xaddi kuleyl ah ayaa la soo saaraa inta lagu jiro hawlgalka, si heerkulka gudaha ee qalabku si degdeg ah u kordho. Haddii kuleylku aan la daadin wakhtiga, qalabku wuxuu sii wadi doonaa inuu kululeeyo, qalabkuna wuu ku guuldareysan doonaa sababtoo ah kulaylka. Kalsoonida qalabka elektaroonigga ah Waxqabadku wuu yaraan doonaa.

Sidaa darteed, waxaa aad muhiim u ah in lagu sameeyo daawaynta kulaylka wanaagsan ee dusha sare guddiga wareega. Kulaylka kuleyliyaha guddiga wareegga PCB waa xiriir aad muhiim u ah, haddaba waa maxay farsamada kulaylka ee guddiga wareegga PCB, aan si wadajir ah uga doodno hoos.

1. Kulaylka kulaylka iyada oo loo marayo looxa PCB laftiisa Looxyada PCB-ga ee hadda sida weyn loo isticmaalo waa maro dhalada ah oo ka samaysan maro dhalada ah ama maro dhalada ah oo phenolic resin ah, iyo qadar yar oo waraaqo ah oo naxaas ah ayaa la isticmaalaa.

Inkasta oo substrate-yadani ay leeyihiin sifooyin koronto oo heer sare ah iyo sifooyin wax-qabad, waxay leeyihiin kulayl xumo. Sida dariiqa kulaylka ee qaybaha kulaylka sare, waa wax aan macquul aheyn in laga filayo kulaylka resin ee PCB laftiisa si uu u sameeyo kulaylka, laakiin si uu u kala saaro kuleylka dusha sare ee qaybta hawada ku wareegsan.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, sida alaabada elektiroonigga ah ay soo galeen xilligii miniaturization ee qaybaha, dhejinta cufnaanta sare, iyo kulaylka sare ee kuleylka, kuma filna in lagu tiirsanaado dusha sare ee qayb leh meel aad u yar si ay u daadiso kuleylka.

Isla mar ahaantaana, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay isticmaalka ballaaran ee qaybaha buurta dusha sare sida QFP iyo BGA, kulaylka ay abuuraan qaybaha ayaa loo wareejiyaa guddiga PCB qadar badan. Sidaa darteed, habka ugu wanaagsan ee lagu xallin karo kuleylka kuleylka waa in la hagaajiyo awoodda kuleylka PCB lafteeda taas oo si toos ah ula xiriirta qalabka kuleylka. In la kala qaado ama la sii daayo.

Ku dar bireed naxaas ah oo kulaylka baabi’inaya iyo bireed naxaas ah oo leh sahay koronto oo ballaaran

Kuleylka iyada oo loo marayo

Soo bandhigida naxaasta ee dhabarka IC waxay yaraynaysaa iska caabbinta kulaylka ee maqaarka naxaasta iyo hawada

Qaabka PCB

a. Dhig qalabka xasaasiga ah ee kulaylka aagga dabaysha qabow.

b. Dhig qalabka lagu ogaanayo heerkulka meesha ugu kulul.

c. Aaladaha ku jira isla looxa daabacan waa in loo habeeyaa sida ugu fog ee suurtogalka ah iyadoo loo eegayo qiimaha kalooriga iyo heerka kala daadinta kulaylka. Aaladaha leh qiimaha calorific hooseeya ama caabbinta kulaylka liidata (sida transistor-yada yaryar, wareegyada isku dhafan ee cabbirka yar, capacitors electrolytic, iwm) waa in la dhigaa socodka ugu sarreeya ee socodka hawada qaboojinta ( albaabka), iyo qalabka leh kulayl weyn. jiilka ama caabbinta kulaylka wanaagsan (sida transistor-ka korantada, wareegyada isku dhafan ee baaxadda weyn, iwm.) ayaa la dhigayaa meesha ugu hooseeysa ee socodka hawada qaboojinta.

d. Jihada toosan, aaladaha awooda sare leh ayaa la dhigayaa meel u dhow cidhifka guddiga daabacan ee suurtogalka ah si loo gaabiyo waddada wareejinta kulaylka; jihada toosan, aaladaha awooda sare leh ayaa la dhigayaa meel u dhow dusha sare ee looxa daabacan ee suurtogalka ah si loo yareeyo heerkulka aaladaha kale marka aaladahani ay shaqeynayaan Saamaynta.

e. Kala-baxa kulaylka ee looxa daabacan ee qalabku wuxuu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay socodka hawada, markaa dariiqa socodka hawada waa in la daraaseeyaa inta lagu jiro naqshadeynta, iyo qalabka ama guddiga wareegga daabacan waa in si macquul ah loo habeeyaa. Marka hawadu socoto, had iyo jeer waxay u egtahay inay ku qulqulayso meelaha iska caabbinta hooseeya, markaa marka la isku hagaajinayo aaladaha sabuuradda wareegga daabacan, iska ilaali inaad ka tagto hawo weyn meel gaar ah. Qaabeynta looxyada daabacan ee badan ee mashiinka oo dhan waa in sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan isla dhibaatada.

f. Qalabka heerkulka xasaasiga ah ayaa si fiican loo dhigaa aagga heerkulka ugu hooseeya (sida hoose ee qalabka). Weligaa si toos ah ha u dul dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha. Way fiicantahay in lagu dhufto aalado badan diyaaradda jiifka ah.

g. Diyaarso qalabka leh isticmaalka tamarta ugu sarreeya iyo kulaylka ugu sarreeya ee u dhow booska ugu fiican ee kuleylka kuleylka. Ha dhigin aaladaha kuleyliyaha sare geesaha iyo cidhifyada looxa daabacan, ilaa meel u dhow kulaylka lagu hagaajiyo mooyee. Markaad naqshadaynayso iska caabiyaha awoodda, dooro qalab weyn sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, oo samee meel ku filan oo loogu talagalay kulaylka marka la hagaajinayo qaabka looxa daabacan.

h. Kala dheeraynta qaybaha la soo jeediyay:

10 siyaabood oo wax ku ool ah oo lagu baabi’iyo kulaylka PCB

10 siyaabood oo wax ku ool ah oo lagu baabi’iyo kulaylka PCB

2. Qaybaha kuleyliyaha sare leh oo lagu daray hiitarka iyo taarikada kulaylka hagaya. Marka qaybo yar oo PCB ah ay dhaliyaan kulayl aad u badan (in ka yar 3), weel kulaylka ama tuubada kulaylka ayaa lagu dari karaa qaybaha kulaylka dhaliya. Marka heerkulka aan hoos loo dhigi karin, hiitarka leh marawaxad ayaa loo isticmaali karaa si kor loogu qaado saamaynta kulaylka.

Marka tirada aaladaha kuleylku ay badan yihiin (in ka badan 3), dabool weyn oo kuleylka kuleylka ah ayaa la isticmaali karaa (board), kaas oo ah weel kuleyl gaar ah oo loo habeeyey iyadoo loo eegayo booska iyo dhererka qalabka kuleylka PCB ama guri weyn. weelka kulaylka Jar meelaha dhererka qaybaha kala duwan.

Daboolka kuleylka kuleylka ayaa si isku mid ah ugu xiran dusha sare ee qaybta, waxayna la xiriirtaa qayb kasta si ay u daadiso kuleylka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, saameynta kuleylka kuleylka ma fiicna sababtoo ah joogteynta saboolka ah ee dhererka inta lagu jiro ururinta iyo alxanka qaybaha. Caadi ahaan, wejiga kuleylka jilicsan ee isbeddelka kuleylka ayaa lagu daraa dusha sare ee qaybta si loo hagaajiyo saameynta kulaylka.

3. Qalabka qaata qaboojinta hawo wareejinta bilaashka ah, waxa fiican in la habeeyo wareegyada isku dhafan (ama qalabyada kale) si toos ah ama toosan.

4. Isticmaal nakhshad fiilooyinka macquulka ah si aad u ogaatid daminta kulaylka. Sababtoo ah xabagta ku jirta saxanka ayaa leh kulaylka kuleylka liidata, iyo xariiqyada birta ah ee naxaasta ah iyo godadka ayaa ah kulaylka wanaagsan, kordhinta heerka haray ee foornada naxaasta iyo kordhinta godadka kulaylka ayaa ah habka ugu muhiimsan ee kulaylka.

Si loo qiimeeyo awoodda kala daadinta kulaylka PCB, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la xisaabiyo kuleyl u dhigma (sagaal eq) ee walxaha isku dhafan ee ka kooban walxo kala duwan oo leh kulaylka kala duwan – substrate-ka dahaaran ee PCB.

5. Aaladaha ku jira sabuurada daabacan waa in loo habeeyaa inta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah iyadoo loo eegayo qiimaha kalooriyada iyo heerka kala daadinta kulaylka. Aaladaha leh qiimaha calorific hooseeya ama caabbinta kulaylka liidata (sida transistor-yada yaryar, wareegyada isku dhafan ee cabbirka yar, capacitors electrolytic, iwm) waa in la dhigaa socodka ugu sarreeya ee socodka hawada qaboojinta ( albaabka), iyo qalabka leh kulayl weyn. ama caabbinta kulaylka (sida transistor-ka korantada, wareegyada isku dhafan ee baaxadda weyn, iwm.) ayaa la dhigayaa meesha ugu hooseeysa ee socodka hawada qaboojinta.

6. Jihada toosan, qalabka awoodda sare leh ayaa loo habeeyey sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee cidhifka looxa daabacan si loo gaabiyo waddada wareejinta kulaylka; jihada toosan, qalabka awoodda sare leh ayaa loo habeeyey sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee sare ee looxa daabacan si loo yareeyo heerkulka qalabka kale marka qalabkani shaqeynayo. Saamaynta

7. Kulaylka kuleyliyaha looxa daabacan ee qalabku wuxuu inta badan ku tiirsan yahay socodka hawada, markaa dariiqa socodka hawada waa in la daraaseeyaa inta lagu jiro naqshadeynta, iyo qalabka ama guddiga wareegga daabacan waa in si macquul ah loo habeeyaa.

Marka hawadu socoto, had iyo jeer waxay u egtahay inay ku qulqulayso meelaha iska caabbinta hooseeya, markaa marka la isku hagaajinayo aaladaha sabuuradda wareegga daabacan, iska ilaali inaad ka tagto hawo weyn meel gaar ah. Qaabeynta looxyada daabacan ee badan ee mashiinka oo dhan waa in sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaan isla dhibaatada.

8. Qalabka heerkulka xasaasiga ah ayaa si fiican loo dhigaa aagga heerkulka ugu hooseeya (sida hoose ee qalabka). Weligaa si toos ah ha u dul dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha. Way fiicantahay in lagu dhufto aalado badan diyaaradda jiifka ah.

9. Diyaarso qalabka leh isticmaalka tamarta ugu sarreeya iyo kulaylka ugu sarreeya ee u dhow booska ugu fiican ee kuleylka kuleylka. Ha dhigin qalabka kuleyliyaha sare geesaha iyo cidhifyada looxa daabacan, ilaa meel u dhow kulaylka lagu hagaajiyo mooyee.

Markaad naqshadaynayso iska caabiyaha awoodda, dooro qalab weyn sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah, oo samee meel ku filan oo loogu talagalay kulaylka marka la hagaajinayo qaabka looxa daabacan.

10. Ka fogow fiirsashada dhibcaha kulul ee PCB-ga, u qaybi awoodda si siman guddiga PCB intii suurtogal ah, oo ilaali waxqabadka heerkulka dusha PCB mid lebbisan oo joogto ah.

Inta badan way adag tahay in la gaaro qaybinta isku midka ah ee adag inta lagu jiro habka naqshadeynta, laakiin meelaha leh cufnaanta awoodda aadka u sarreeya waa in laga fogaadaa si looga hortago dhibco kulul inay saameeyaan hawlgalka caadiga ah ee wareegga oo dhan.

Haddii ay suurtagal tahay, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la falanqeeyo waxqabadka kulaylka ee wareegga daabacan. Tusaale ahaan, moduleka falanqaynta tusaha waxqabadka kulaylka ee software ee lagu daray qaar ka mid ah barnaamijyada naqshadaynta PCB ee xirfadlayaasha ah ayaa ka caawin kara naqshadeeyayaasha inay wanaajiyaan naqshadaynta wareegga.