Papa kaapuni paʻi (PCB) is the support of circuit components and components in electronic products. It provides the electrical connection between circuit components and components. It is the most basic component of various electronic equipment, and its performance is directly related to the quality of electronic equipment. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana ʻike, hana like like nā huahana uila āpau, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ke koʻikoʻi ma waena o lākou. No laila, lilo ka laulima electromagnetic i kī i ka hana maʻamau o kahi ʻōnaehana uila. Pēlā nō, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana uila, ke piʻi nei a kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka PCB. ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā PCB kahi mana nui i ka ākea a me ka hiki i ka anti-ākeʻakeʻa hiki ke kaapuni. Ma waho aʻe o ke koho ʻana o nā ʻāpana a me ka hoʻolālā kaapuni, ʻo ka uea PCB maikaʻi kekahi mea nui i ka hoʻokaulike electromagnetic no ka hana maikaʻi loa o nā kaʻa uila.

Since the PCB is an inherent component of the system, enhancing electromagnetic compatibility in the PCB wiring does not incur additional costs to the final product completion. However, in printed circuit board design, product designers often only pay attention to improve density, reduce the occupation of space, simple production, or the pursuit of beautiful, uniform layout, ignoring the impact of circuit layout on electromagnetic compatibility, so that a large number of signals radiation into the space to form harassment. Hiki i kahi wili PCB maikaʻi ʻole ke hoʻonā i nā pilikia emc hou aʻe ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻopau. I nā manawa he nui, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kānana a me nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole ia e hoʻonā i kēia mau pilikia. ʻO ka hope loa, pono e hana hou i ka papa holoʻokoʻa. No laila, ke hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano pilina PCB maikaʻi ke ala ʻoi loa ke kumu kūʻai e hoʻomaka ai.

Hoʻokahi mea e hoʻomaopopo ai ʻaʻohe kānāwai koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻopili PCB a ʻaʻohe lula kikoʻī e uhi i nā uila PCB āpau. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā pilina PCB e ka nui o ka papa kaapuni a me ka helu o nā papa keleawe keleawe. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi ʻano hana kuʻina e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻokahi kaapuni akā ʻaʻole i kekahi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻike o ka ʻenekini uila. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau rula laulā, e kūkākūkā ʻia ma lalo.

No ka maikaʻi hoʻolālā maikaʻi. Pono ʻo PCB me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa e hāhai i nā kumumanaʻo maʻamau:

2. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia o nā ʻāpana ma PCB

ʻO ka mea mua, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka nui o ka PCB nui loa. Ke nui loa ka nui PCB, lōʻihi ka laina paʻi, piʻi ka impedance, hoʻemi ka hiki anti-noise, a hoʻonui ka uku. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻopau wela, a ʻo nā laina pili e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia. Ma hope o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui PCB. A laila e huli i nā ʻāpana kūikawā. ʻO ka mea hope loa, e like me ka ʻāpana hana o ke kaapuni, waiho ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaapuni.

A digital circuit in an electronic device. ʻOkoʻa ka launa Analog a me nā mana o ke kaʻapuni uila a me nā ʻano pilina. Also high frequency. Ma muli o ke alapine ʻokoʻa, ʻokoʻa ka hana ākea o ke kaapuni haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke ʻano o ka kaomi ʻana i ka hihia. No laila i ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho, pono ke kaapuni uila. The analog circuit and the power supply circuit are placed separately to separate the high frequency circuit from the low frequency circuit. If there are conditions, they should be isolated or made into a circuit board separately. Eia hou, pono e hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho i ka nānā kūikawā i ka ikaika. Weak signal device distribution and signal transmission direction.

In printed board layout high speed. No nā kaapuni kūpikipiki waena-wikiwiki a haʻahaʻa, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā mea i ke ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi 1-1.

E like me nā kaapuni kūpili ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻokau i nā mea e pili ana i kēlā me kēia mea i mea e loaʻa ai ka hopena anti-noise ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. The position of components on the PRINTED circuit board should take full account of emi. ʻO kekahi o nā loina e mālama i nā alakaʻi ma waena o nā mea e like me ka pōkole e hiki ai. E pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ka ʻāpana hōʻailona analog, ʻāpana kaapuni uila wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ʻāpana kumu halulu (e like me ka relay, ke kuapo kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa, a pēlā aku.) -②.

Clock generator. Crystal oscillator and CPU clock input are prone to noise, to be closer to each other. Noisy devices. Low current circuit. Large current circuits should be kept away from logic circuits as far as possible. He mea nui e hana i ka papa kaapuni kaʻawale inā hiki.

2.1 The following principles shall be observed when determining the location of special components: (1) Shorten the connection between high-frequency components as far as possible, and try to reduce their distribution parameters and electromagnetic interference between each other. ʻAʻole pono e pili pono nā mea e hoʻopilikia maʻalahi ʻia i kekahi i kekahi, a ʻo nā mea hoʻokomo a me nā mea hoʻopuka e mamao loa i ka hiki.

(2) Loaʻa paha he ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe ma waena o kekahi mau mea a i ʻole nā ​​uea, no laila e hoʻonui ʻia ka mamao ma waena o lākou e pale i ke kaapuni pōkole i hana ʻia e ka hoʻokuʻu. Pono nā mea hana me ke kiʻekiʻena uila i kahi hiki ke waiho ʻia i nā wahi ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia e ka lima i ka wā o ka debugging.

(3) Nā mea nona ke kaupaona i ʻoi aku i ka 15g. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia a laila wili. Nui a kaumaha hoʻi kēlā mau mea. ʻAʻole e hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea me ka waiwai calorific kiʻekiʻe ma ka papa paʻi, akā ma ka chassis o ka mīkini holoʻokoʻa, a pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻopau wela. Pono e mālama i nā mea wela mai nā mea hoʻomehana.

(4) no ka potentiometer. ʻŌwili hao hoʻoneʻe hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Mea palahalaha capacitor. Pono e hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻonohonoho o nā ʻāpana hoʻoliʻiliʻi e like me microswitch i nā koina kūkulu o ka mīkini holoʻokoʻa. Inā hoʻoponopono ka mīkini, pono e kau ʻia ma ka papa paʻi ma luna o ka maʻalahi e hoʻoponopono i kahi; Inā hoʻomaʻa ʻia ka mīkini ma waho, pono e hoʻopili i kona kūlana i ke kūlana o ka pihi hoʻoliʻiliʻi ma ka paneli chassis.

(5) ʻO ke kūlana e noho ʻia e ka puka hoʻonohonoho a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka pale o ka papa pai e pono e waiho ʻia.

2.2 Layout o nā ʻāpana āpau o ke kaapuni e like me nā ʻanohana hana o ke kaapuni e kūlike me kēia mau kumuhana:

(1) E hoʻonohonoho i ke kūlana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana kaapuni hana e like me ke kaʻina kaapuni, i maʻalahi ai ka hoʻonohonoho no ke kahe o ka hōʻailona a mālama ka hōʻailona i ke ala like i hiki.

(2) I nā mea nui o kēlā me kēia kaapuni hana e like me ke kikowaena, a puni iā ​​ia e hoʻokō i ka ʻōnaehana. Pono nā mea hui e like. A hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻonohonoho kuikahi ma PCB e hoʻoliʻiliʻi a hoʻopōkole i nā alakaʻi a me nā pilina ma waena o nā mea. (3) No nā kaapuni e hana ana i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā palena i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o nā mea. I nā kaapuni āpau, pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā mea āpau i ka like me ka hiki. I kēia ala, ʻaʻole wale ka nani, a maʻalahi e hoʻouka i ka hoʻopili, maʻalahi i ka hana nui.

(4) Nā mea i loaʻa ma ka lihi o ka papa kaapuni, maʻamau ʻaʻole emi ma lalo o 2mm mai ka lihi o ka papa kaapuni. ʻO ke kinona maikaʻi loa o ka papa kaapuni he huinahā lōʻihi. Lōʻihi i ka laulā hiʻohiʻona 3: 2 a i ʻole 4: 3. ʻO ka nui o ka papa kaapuni ʻoi aku ma mua o 200x150mm. Pono e hāʻawi i ka noʻonoʻo i ka ikaika mechanical o ka papa kaapuni.

2.3 Nā koina hoʻonohonoho laulā no nā ʻāpana PCB:

Pono e waiho i nā huila kaapuni a me nā ala hōʻailona e hōʻemi i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā hōʻailona makemake ʻole ʻia:

(1) ʻAʻole kokoke ke kaha uila uila haʻahaʻa i ke kahawai hōʻailona kiʻekiʻe a me ka laina mana me ka ʻole o ke kānana, me ke kaapuni e hiki ke hana i ke kaʻina hana kuʻuna.

(2) E hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaʻina analog haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa mai ka kaapili uila e hōʻalo i ke kaapuni analog. ʻO ke kaapuni uila a me ka loop maʻamau o ka lako mana e hana i ka hoʻopili impedance maʻamau.

(3) kiʻekiʻe. I ka. Hoʻohana nā puni uila lohi haʻahaʻa i nā wahi like ʻole ma ka PCB.

(4) E hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka lōʻihi o ka laina hōʻailona ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ke kaapuni

(5) E hōʻoia ma waena o nā pā pili. Ma waena o nā papa pili o ka papa like. Mai loaʻa i nā kaula hōʻailona lōʻihi lōʻihi ma waena o nā kaula e pili ana ma ka papa like.

(6) Pono ke kānana electromagnetic interferensi (EMI) kokoke i ke kumu EMI i hiki a kau ʻia ma ka papa kaapuni like.

(7) DC / DC hoʻololi. Pono e hoʻokau i nā mea hoʻololi a me nā mea hoʻoponopono i kokoke i ka mea hoʻohuli i hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka lōʻihi o kā lākou uea

(8) E hoʻokau i ka uila e hoʻoponopono ana i ka mea a me ka capacitor filter i kahi kokoke loa i ka diode rectifier.

(9) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka papa paʻi ʻia e like me ke alapine a me nā ʻano hoʻololi o kēia manawa, a ʻo ka mea walaʻau a me ka mea kani ʻole e mamao aku.

(10) ʻAʻole pono ke kaulike ke kani uila me ka laina hoʻololi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa.