Hatisitsoeng oa potoloho boto (PCB) is the support of circuit components and components in electronic products. It provides the electrical connection between circuit components and components. It is the most basic component of various electronic equipment, and its performance is directly related to the quality of electronic equipment. Ka nts’etsopele ea sechaba sa tlhaiso-leseling, mefuta eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa elektroniki hangata e sebetsa ‘moho,’ me tšitiso lipakeng tsa bona e tebile le ho feta. Ka hona, ts’ebetso ea motlakase e fetoha senotlolo sa tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea sistimi ea elektroniki. Ka mokhoa o ts’oanang, ka nts’etsopele ea mahlale a motlakase, letsoalo la PCB le ntse le hola le ho hola. Boleng ba moralo oa PCB bo na le tšusumetso e kholo ho tšitiso le bokhoni ba ho thibela tšitiso ea potoloho. Ntle le khetho ea likaroloana le moralo oa potoloho, wiring e ntle ea PCB le eona ke ntlha ea bohlokoa haholo ts’ebelisong ea motlakase bakeng sa ts’ebetso e nepahetseng ea lipotoloho tsa elektroniki.

Since the PCB is an inherent component of the system, enhancing electromagnetic compatibility in the PCB wiring does not incur additional costs to the final product completion. Leha ho le joalo, ka moralo oa boto ea potoloho, baqapi ba lihlahisoa hangata ba ela hloko ho ntlafatsa boleng, ho fokotsa sebaka sa sebaka, tlhahiso e bonolo, kapa ho lelekisa sebopeho se setle sa junifomo, ba sa natse tšusumetso ea sebopeho sa potoloho ts’ebetsong ea motlakase, e le hore palo ea mahlaseli a marang-rang a sebakeng ho theha tlhekefetso. Wiring e futsanehileng ea PCB e ka baka mathata a mangata ho feta kamoo e ka felisang. Maemong a mangata, esita le ho eketsa lihlopha le likarolo ha li rarolle mathata ana. Qetellong, boto eohle e ile ea tlameha ho nchafatsoa. Ka hona, ho nts’etsapele litloaelo tse ntle tsa wiring tsa PCB ke tsela e bolokang chelete ho fetisisa.

Ntho e ‘ngoe eo u lokelang ho e ela hloko ke hore ha ho na melao e thata bakeng sa wiring ea PCB ebile ha ho melao e ikhethang e koahelang likhoele tsohle tsa PCB. Mehala e mengata ea PCB e lekantsoe ke boholo ba boto ea potoloho le palo ea likhahla tse koahetsoeng ka koporo. Mekhoa e meng ea wiring e ka sebelisoang ho potoloho e le ngoe empa eseng ho e ngoe e ipapisitse le boiphihlelo ba moenjineri oa wiring. Ho na le, leha ho le joalo, melao e meng e akaretsang, e tla tšohloa ka tlase.

Bakeng sa boleng bo botle ba moralo. PCB e nang le theko e tlase e lokela ho latela melao-motheo e akaretsang e latelang:

2. Moralo oa likarolo tsa PCB

Pele ho tsohle, ho ke ke ho hlokahala hore ho nahana ka boholo PCB e kholo haholo. Ha boholo ba PCB bo le boholo haholo, mohala o hatisitsoeng o telele, impedance ea eketseha, bokhoni bo khahlanong le lerata boa fokotseha, ‘me theko e eketseha. Nyane haholo, mocheso oa mocheso ha o motle, ‘me mela e haufi e ka hlaseloa. Kamora ho tseba boholo ba PCB. Ebe u fumana likarolo tse ikhethang. Kamora nako, ho latela karolo e sebetsang ea potoloho, likarolo tsohle tsa potoloho li behiloe.

A digital circuit in an electronic device. Sebopeho sa likarolo tsa potoloho ea analoge le matla le likarolo tsa wiring li fapane, li hlahisa tšitiso le mekhoa ea khatello ea khatello e fapaneng. Also high frequency. Ka lebaka la maqhubu a fapaneng, tšitiso ea potoloho e tlase ea maqhubu le mokhoa oa ho hatella tšitiso li fapane. Kahoo ka tatellano ea likarolo, potoloho ea dijithale e lokela ho ba joalo. The analog circuit and the power supply circuit are placed separately to separate the high frequency circuit from the low frequency circuit. If there are conditions, they should be isolated or made into a circuit board separately. Ntle le moo, sebopeho se lokela ho lebisa tlhokomelo e khethehileng ho ba matla. Weak signal device distribution and signal transmission direction.

In printed board layout high speed. Bakeng sa lisekete tse mahareng le tse lebelo le tlase, likarolo li lokela ho hlophisoa ka mokhoa o bontšitsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 1-1.

Joalo ka lipotoloho tse ling tsa mohopolo, likarolo li lokela ho beoa haufi ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang e le ho fihlela katleho e ntle ea lerata. The position of components on the PRINTED circuit board should take full account of emi. O mong oa melao-motheo ke ho boloka litsamaiso lipakeng tsa likarolo li le khuts’oane kamoo ho ka khonehang. Mabapi le peakanyo, karolo ea lets’oao la analoge, karolo ea potoloho ea dijithale e lebelo le karolo ea mohloli oa lerata (joalo ka phetiso, switch ea morao-rao ea jj. -②.

Clock generator. Crystal oscillator and CPU clock input are prone to noise, to be closer to each other. Noisy devices. Low current circuit. Large current circuits should be kept away from logic circuits as far as possible. Ho bohlokoa ho etsa boto ea potoloho e arohaneng ha ho khonahala.

2.1 The following principles shall be observed when determining the location of special components: (1) Shorten the connection between high-frequency components as far as possible, and try to reduce their distribution parameters and electromagnetic interference between each other. Lisebelisoa tse khathatsehileng ha lia lokela ho ba haufi haholo, ‘me likarolo tsa ho kenya le ho tsoa li lokela ho ba hole ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

(2) Ho kanna ha ba le phapang e kholo pakeng tsa likarolo tse ling kapa mehala, ka hona sebaka se lipakeng tsa bona se lokela ho eketsoa ho qoba ka phoso potoloho e khuts’oane e bakiloeng ke ho tsoa. Likarolo tse nang le motlakase o phahameng li lokela ho beoa hohle moo ho ka khonehang libakeng tse sa fihlelleheng habonolo ka letsoho nakong ea ho lokisa bothata.

(3) Likarolo tseo boima ba tsona bo fetang 15g. E lokela ho tiisoa ka letsoho ebe e tšeloa ka tšepe. Tseo li kholo ebile li boima. Lisebelisoa tse nang le boleng bo phahameng ba “ calorific ” ha lia lokela ho kengoa boto e hatisitsoeng, empa ho chassis ea mochini oohle, mme bothata ba ho senya mocheso bo lokela ho tsotelloa. Lisebelisoa tsa mocheso li lokela ho bolokoa hole le lintho tse futhumatsang.

(4) bakeng sa potentiometer. Coil e fetolehang ea inductor. Polygonal capacitor. Moralo oa likarolo tse fetolehang joalo ka microswitch o lokela ho nahana ka litlhoko tsa sebopeho sa mochini oohle. Ha phetoho mochini, lokela ho beha ka boto hatisitsoeng ka holimo bonolo ho fetola sebaka; Haeba mochini o fetotsoe kantle, boemo ba ona bo lokela ho fetoloa ho latela boemo ba konopo e fetolang karolo ea chassis.

(5) Boemo bo nkiloeng ke lesoba la ho beha le ho lokisa bracket ea boto e hatisitsoeng e lokela ho behelloa ka thoko.

2.2 Moralo oa likarolo tsohle tsa potoloho ho latela likarolo tse sebetsang tsa potoloho o tla latela melao-motheo e latelang:

(1) Hlophisa boemo ba yuniti e ‘ngoe le e’ ngoe e sebetsang ea potoloho ho latela ts’ebetso ea potoloho, hore peakanyo e be bonolo bakeng sa phallo ea lets’oao ‘me lets’oao le boloke tsela e ts’oanang kamoo ho ka khonehang.

(2) Ho likarolo tsa mantlha tsa potoloho e ngoe le e ngoe e sebetsang joalo ka setsi, ho e potoloha ho etsa moralo. Likarolo li lokela ho tšoana. Mme e makhethe. Ho hlophisoa hantle ka PCB ho fokotsa le ho khutsufatsa litsamaiso le likhokahano lipakeng tsa likarolo. (3) Bakeng sa lipotoloho tse sebetsang maqhubu a phahameng, mekhahlelo e ajoeng lipakeng tsa likarolo e lokela ho tsotelloa. Ka lipotoloho tse akaretsang, likarolo li lokela ho hlophisoa ka ho lekana ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ka tsela ena, ha e ntle feela, ebile e bonolo ho kenya tjheseletsa, ho bonolo ho e etsa ka bongata.

(4) Lisebelisoa tse fumanehang pheletsong ea boto ea potoloho, hangata li se ka tlase ho 2mm ho tloha bohale ba boto ea potoloho. Sebopeho se setle sa boto ea potoloho ke khutlonne. Bolelele ba bophara karolelano 3: 2 kapa 4: 3. Boholo ba boto ea potoloho bo feta 200x150mm. Ho nahanoa ka matla a mochini oa boto ea potoloho.

2.3 Litlhokahalo tse akaretsang tsa moralo oa likarolo tsa PCB:

Lisebelisoa tsa potoloho le litselana li lokela ho beoa ho fokotsa ho hokahana ha matšoao a sa batleheng:

(1) Seteishene se tlase sa lets’oao la elektroniki ha sea lokela ho ba haufi le mocha oa lets’oao le phahameng le mohala oa motlakase ntle le ho sefa, ho kenyeletsoa le potoloho e ka hlahisang ts’ebetso ea nakoana.

(2) Arola potoloho ea analoge ea boemo bo tlase ho potoloho ea dijithale ho qoba potoloho ea analoge. Potoloho ea dijithale le lupu e tloaelehileng ea phepelo ea motlakase e hlahisa coupling e tloaelehileng ea impedance.

(3) e phahameng. Lenaneong la. Lipotoloho tse nang le lebelo le tlase li sebelisa libaka tse fapaneng ho PCB.

(4) Bolelele ba mohala oa lets’oao bo lokela ho fokotsoa ha potoloho e hlophisoa

(5) Netefatsa lipakeng tsa lipoleiti tse haufi. Pakeng tsa likarolo tse haufi tsa boto e le ‘ngoe. Se ke oa ba le likhoele tsa letšoao le bolelele bo fetelletseng lipakeng tsa likhoele tse haufi le eona.

(6) Sefe ea motlakase oa motlakase (EMI) e lokela ho ba haufi le mohloli oa EMI ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ebe e beoa botong e le ‘ngoe ea potoloho.

(7) Mofetoleli oa DC / DC. Lisebelisoa tsa ho chencha le li-rectifiers li lokela ho beoa haufi le sesebelisoa ka mokhoa o khonehang ho fokotsa bolelele ba lithapo tsa bona

(8) Beha motlakase o laolang karolo ea motlakase le sefahleho se sefa haufinyane kamoo ho ka khonehang ho diode ea rectifier.

(9) Boto e hatisitsoeng e arotsoe ho latela maqhubu le litšobotsi tsa hona joale tsa ho fetoha, ‘me karolo ea lerata le ntho eo e seng lerata e lokela ho ba hole.

(10) Wiring e sa utloeng lerata ha ea lokela ho tšoana le mohala o phahameng, o sebelisang lebelo le phahameng haholo.