Gudiga wareegga daabacan (PCB) is the support of circuit components and components in electronic products. It provides the electrical connection between circuit components and components. It is the most basic component of various electronic equipment, and its performance is directly related to the quality of electronic equipment. Horumarinta bulshada macluumaadka, dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee alaabta elektiroonigga ah ayaa inta badan wada shaqeeya, faragelinta u dhexeysaana aad bay u sii daran tahay. Sidaa darteed, waafaqsanaanta elektromagnetka ayaa fure u ah hawlgalka caadiga ah ee nidaamka elektaroonigga ah. Sidoo kale, horumarinta farsamada korontada, cufnaanta PCB -ga ayaa sare u sii kacaysa. Tayada naqshadeynta PCB waxay saameyn weyn ku leedahay faragelinta iyo awoodda ka hortagga faragelinta ee wareegga. Marka lagu daro xulashada qaybaha iyo naqshadeynta wareegga, fiilooyinka PCB -ga wanaagsan ayaa sidoo kale ah qodob aad muhiim ugu ah is -waafajinta elektromagnetic -ka ee waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan ee wareegyada elektiroonigga ah.

Since the PCB is an inherent component of the system, enhancing electromagnetic compatibility in the PCB wiring does not incur additional costs to the final product completion. Si kastaba ha noqotee, naqshadda guddiga wareegga daabacan, naqshadeeyayaasha wax soo saarka badiyaa waxay fiiro gaar ah siiyaan hagaajinta cufnaanta, yareeyaan qabashada booska, waxsoosaarka fudud, ama raadinta qaab -dhismeed qurxoon, labis ah, iska indho -tiraya saamaynta qaab -dhismeedka wareegga ee ku habboonaanta elektromagnetigga, si Tirada calaamadaha shucaaca hawada ku jira si ay u sameeyaan kadeedis. Taayirada PCB ee liita waxay sababi kartaa dhibaatooyin emc ka badan inta ay baabi’in karto. Xaalado badan, xitaa ku dar shaandhaynta iyo qaybaha ma xalliso dhibaatooyinkan. Ugu dambayntii, guddiga oo dhan waa in dib loo hagaajiyaa. Sidaa darteed, kobcinta caadooyinka fiilooyinka PCB-ga wanaagsan ayaa ah habka ugu wax-ku-oolka badan ee lagu bilaabo.

Hal shay oo xusid mudan ayaa ah inaysan jirin xeerar adag oo loogu talagalay taararka PCB mana jiro xeerar gaar ah oo daboolaya dhammaan fiilooyinka PCB. Inta badan taararka PCB-ga waxaa ku xaddidan baaxadda guddiga wareegga iyo tirada lakabyada naxaas-xiran. Qaar ka mid ah farsamooyinka fiilooyinka ee lagu dabaqi karo hal wareeg laakiin aan ku xirnayn mid kale waxay ku xiran tahay waayo -aragnimada injineerka taararka. Waxaa jira, si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah xeerarka guud, kuwaas oo hoos looga hadli doono.

Tayada naqshadeynta wanaagsan. PCB oo leh qiime jaban waa inuu raaco mabaadi’da guud ee soo socda:

2. Qaabeynta qaybaha PCB

Marka hore, waa lagama maarmaan in la tixgeliyo cabbirka PCB -ga oo aad u weyn. Marka cabbirka PCB-ga aad u weyn yahay, xariiqa daabacan waa dheer yahay, impedance-ku wuu kordhaa, awoodda buuq-diidka ayaa yaraata, kharashkuna wuu kordhaa. Aad bay u yar tahay, kala -daadinta kuleylku ma fiicna, oo khadadka ku dhow ayaa u nugul faragelinta. Ka dib marka la go’aamiyo cabbirka PCB. Ka dibna hel qaybaha gaarka ah. Ugu dambayn, marka loo eego cutubka shaqaynaya ee wareegga, dhammaan qaybaha wareegga ayaa la dejiyay.

A digital circuit in an electronic device. Wareegga analogga iyo qaababka wareegga korontada iyo sifooyinka fiilooyinka way kala duwan yihiin, waxay soo saaraan faragelinta iyo hababka xakamaynta faragelinta way kala duwan yihiin. Also high frequency. Sababtoo ah soo noqnoqoshada kala duwan, faragelinta wareegga soo noqnoqoshada hoose iyo habka lagu xakameynayo faragelinta ayaa kala duwan. Marka qaab -dhismeedka qaybaha, wareegga dhijitaalka ah waa inuu ahaadaa. The analog circuit and the power supply circuit are placed separately to separate the high frequency circuit from the low frequency circuit. Haddii ay jiraan shuruudo, waa in la go’doomiyaa ama laga dhigaa loox wareeg si gooni ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaab -dhismeedku waa inuu sidoo kale fiiro gaar ah siiyaa kuwa xoogga leh. Weak signal device distribution and signal transmission direction.

In printed board layout high speed. Wareegyada macquulka ah ee xawaaraha dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa xawaaraha hoose leh, qaybaha waa in loo habeeyo qaabka lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 1-1.

Sida wareegyada kale ee macquulka ah, qaybaha waa in la dhigaa sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah midba midka kale si loo gaaro saameyn ka-hortagga buuqa. The position of components on the PRINTED circuit board should take full account of emi. Mid ka mid ah mabaadi’da ayaa ah in hoggaamiyeyaasha u dhexeeya qaybaha sida ugu gaaban loo dhigo. Marka la eego qaab-dhismeedka, qaybta signalada analogga, qaybta wareegga dhijitaalka ah ee xawaaraha sare leh, iyo qaybta isha qaylada (sida gudbinta, bedelka hadda jira, iwm.) -②.

Clock generator. Crystal oscillator and CPU clock input are prone to noise, to be closer to each other. Noisy devices. Wareegga hadda hooseeya. Wareegyada waaweyn ee hadda jira waa in laga fogeeyaa wareegyada macquulka ah intii suurtogal ah. Waxaa muhiim ah in la sameeyo guddi wareeg oo gooni ah haddii ay suurtogal tahay.

2.1 The following principles shall be observed when determining the location of special components: (1) Shorten the connection between high-frequency components as far as possible, and try to reduce their distribution parameters and electromagnetic interference between each other. Qaybaha si dhib yar loo carqaladeeyay waa inaanay aad isugu dhowaan, oo qaybaha soo -gelinta iyo soo -saaridda waa inay ahaadaan kuwo aad u fog.

(2) Waxaa jiri kara farqi aad u sarreeya oo u dhexeeya qaybo ama fiilooyin, sidaa darteed masaafada u dhexeysa waa in la kordhiyaa si looga fogaado wareeg gaaban oo shil ah oo ay keento dheecaan. Qaybaha leh danab aad u sarreeya waa in la dhigaa inta suurtogalka ah meelaha aan si fudud gacanta loogu heli karin inta lagu jiro khaladka.

(3) Qaybo miisaankoodu ka badan yahay 15g. Waa in la xiraa ka dibna alxanka. Kuwani waa weyn yihiin oo culus yihiin. Qaybaha leh qiime kalori sare ma aha in lagu rakibo sabuuradda daabacan, laakiin waa in lagu dhejiyaa mashiinka oo dhan, waana in la tixgeliyaa dhibaatada kala -daadinta kulaylka. Walxaha kuleylka waa in laga fogeeyaa walxaha kululaynta.

(4) ee potentiometer. Gariiradda inductor hagaajin karo. Capacitor doorsooma. Qaabaynta qaybaha la isku hagaajin karo sida microswitch waa inay tixgelisaa shuruudaha dhismaha ee mashiinka oo dhan. Haddii hagaajinta mashiinka, waa in lagu dhejiyaa sabuuradda daabacan ee kor ku xusan si sahlan si loo hagaajiyo meesha; Haddii mashiinka lagu hagaajiyo bannaanka, booskiisa waa in la waafajiyaa booska buunshaha hagaajinta ee ku yaal guddiga shaxanka.

(5) Meesha ay ku yaalliin daloolka meelaynta iyo qaaninta hagaajinta looxa daabacan waa in dhinac loo dhigaa.

2.2 Qaab -dhismeedka dhammaan qeybaha wareegga iyadoo loo eegayo cutubyada shaqeynaya ee wareegga waa inay u hoggaansamaan mabaadi’da soo socota:

(1) Diyaarso booska cutub kasta oo wareegsan oo shaqeynaya si waafaqsan habka wareegga, si qaab -dhismeedku ugu habboon yahay socodka signalada iyo tilmaamtu waxay haysaa isla jihada intii suurtogal ah.

(2) Qaybaha asaasiga ah ee wareeg kasta oo shaqeynaya sida xarunta, hareeraheeda si loo fuliyo qaabeynta. Qaybaha waa inay ahaadaan labis. Oo hagaagsan. Iskuduwaha isbarbar socda ee PCB si loo yareeyo loona yareeyo raadadka iyo isku xirnaanta ka dhexeeya qaybaha. (3) Wareegyada ka shaqeeya jadwalka sare, xuduudaha la qaybiyey ee u dhexeeya qaybaha waa in la tixgeliyaa. Wareegyada guud, qaybaha waa in loo habeeyo isbarbaryaac intii suurtogal ah. Sidan oo kale, ma aha oo kaliya qurux badan, oo si sahlan loo rakibi karo alxanka, si sahlan wax soo saarka ballaaran.

(4) Qaybaha ku yaal cidhifka guddiga wareegga, guud ahaan aan ka yarayn 2mm oo ka soo jeeda cidhifka guddiga wareegga. Qaabka ugu fiican ee loox wareegga waa leydi. Length to width width 3: 2 ama 4: 3. Cabbirka guddiga wareegga ayaa ka weyn 200x150mm. Tixgelinta waa in la siiyaa xoogga farsamo ee guddiga wareegga.

2.3 Shuruudaha guud ee qaybaha PCB:

Qaybaha wareegga iyo waddooyinka signalada waa in la dejiyaa si loo yareeyo isku xirnaanta calaamadaha aan la rabin:

(1) Kanaalka signalada elektiroonigga ah ee hooseeya waa inuusan ku dhowaanin kanaalka signalada heerka sare iyo khadka korontada iyadoon la shaandhayn, oo ay ku jiraan wareegga soo saari kara habka ku -meel -gaadhka ah.

(2) Kala sooc wareegga analogga ee heerka hoose iyo wareegga dhijitaalka ah si looga fogaado wareegga analogga. Wareegga dhijitaalka ah iyo loop -ka caadiga ah ee korontada ayaa soo saara isku -dhafka is -hortaagga.

(3) sare. In. Wareegyada macquulka ah ee xawaaraha hooseeya waxay adeegsadaan aagag kala duwan PCB -ga.

(4) Dhererka xariijinta signalada waa in la yareeyaa marka wareegga la habeeyo

(5) Hubi inta u dhexeysa taargooyinka ku dhow. Inta u dhaxaysa lakabyada ku dhow ee isla boorka Ha haysan fiilooyin isbarbar socda oo aad u dheer oo u dhexeeya fiilooyinka ku dhow isla lakabka.

(6) Shaandhaynta faragelinta elektromagnetigga (EMI) waa inay ahaataa mid u dhow ilaha EMI oo lagu dhejiyo isla guddiga wareegga.

(7) Beddelaha DC/DC. Beddelidda walxaha iyo hagaajiyayaasha waa in la dhigaa meel u dhow transformer -ka intii suurtagal ah si loo yareeyo dhererka fiilooyinkooda

(8) Dhig korantada jaangooynta curiyaha iyo shaandhaynta capacitor sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah ee diode hagaajiyaha.

(9) Looxa daabacan waxaa loo qaybiyaa si waafaqsan soo noqnoqoshada iyo sifooyinka beddelka ee hadda jira, iyo qeylada qeylada iyo qeylada aan qeylada lahayn waa inay ka fogaadaan.

(10) Fiilooyinka xasaasiga ah ee sanqadhu waa inaysan la barbar dhigin khadka beddelka xawaaraha sare ee hadda jira.