Kusindikizidwa bolodi dera (PCB) is the support of circuit components and components in electronic products. It provides the electrical connection between circuit components and components. It is the most basic component of various electronic equipment, and its performance is directly related to the quality of electronic equipment. Ndikukula kwa gulu lazidziwitso, mitundu yonse yazinthu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri imagwirira ntchito limodzi, ndipo kusokonekera pakati pawo kumakulirakulira. Chifukwa chake, kugundana kwamagetsi kumakhala chinsinsi pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi. Momwemonso, ndikupanga ukadaulo wamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa PCB kukukulira. Ubwino wa kapangidwe ka PCB imakhudza kwambiri kusokoneza ndi kuthana ndi zosokoneza za dera. Kuphatikiza pa kusankha kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi kapangidwe ka dera, kulumikizana kwabwino kwa PCB ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikizana kwamagetsi kuti magwiritsidwe azigawo zamagetsi azigwira bwino ntchito.

Since the PCB is an inherent component of the system, enhancing electromagnetic compatibility in the PCB wiring does not incur additional costs to the final product completion. Komabe, m’makina osindikizidwa a board, omwe amapanga zinthu nthawi zambiri amangoyang’ana pakachulukidwe kake, amachepetsa malo okhala, kupanga zosavuta, kapena kufunafuna mawonekedwe okongola, osasunthika, osanyalanyaza momwe masanjidwe amakapangidwe amagetsi amagetsi, kotero kuti lalikulu kuchuluka kwa ma radiation olowa mlengalenga kuti apange kuvutitsidwa. Kulumikizana koyipa kwa PCB kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zambiri kuposa momwe kungathetsere. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale kuwonjezera zosefera ndi zida sizimathetsa mavutowa. Pambuyo pake, gulu lonse linayenera kubwezeretsedwanso. Chifukwa chake, kukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwinozikulu zama PCB ndi njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yoyambira.

Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kudziwa ndikuti palibe malamulo okhwima a zingwe za PCB ndipo palibe malamulo apadera okhudzana ndi zingwe za PCB. Ma waya ambiri a PCB amakhala ochepa chifukwa cha kukula kwa bolodi lachigawo komanso kuchuluka kwa zokutira zamkuwa. Njira zina zamagetsi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudera limodzi koma osadalira kwina zimadalira luso la mainjiniya a zingwe. Pali, komabe, malamulo ena onse, omwe adzakambidwe pansipa.

Kwa kapangidwe kabwino. PCB yotsika mtengo iyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:

2. Kapangidwe kazinthu pa PCB

Choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuganizira kukula kwa PCB ndikokulirapo. Kukula kwa PCB ndikokulirapo, mzere wosindikizidwa ndi wautali, kuchuluka kwa impedance kumatha, mphamvu yotsutsana ndi phokoso imachepa, ndipo mtengo ukuwonjezeka. Zing’onozing’ono, kutaya kwa kutentha sikuli bwino, ndipo mizere yoyandikana nayo imatha kusokonezedwa. Pambuyo pozindikira kukula kwa PCB. Kenako pezani zinthu zapadera. Pomaliza, malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera, zigawo zonse za dera zimayikidwa.

A digital circuit in an electronic device. Dongosolo la Analog dera ndi magawo amagetsi oyendetsera mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a zingwe ndizosiyana, zimapangitsa kusokonekera komanso njira zosokoneza zosiyanasiyananso. Also high frequency. Chifukwa cha mafupipafupi osiyana, kulowererapo kwa ma frequency otsika komanso njira yoletsa kusokoneza ndi zosiyana. Chifukwa chake pakapangidwe kazigawo, digito iyenera kukhala. The analog circuit and the power supply circuit are placed separately to separate the high frequency circuit from the low frequency circuit. If there are conditions, they should be isolated or made into a circuit board separately. Kuphatikiza apo, masanjidwewo akuyeneranso kusamala kwambiri olimba. Weak signal device distribution and signal transmission direction.

In printed board layout high speed. Pazigawo zapakati komanso zothamanga kwambiri, zinthuzo ziyenera kukonzedwa mwanjira yomwe yawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1-1.

Monga ma circuits ena amalingaliro, zigawozi ziyenera kuikidwa pafupi kwambiri momwe zingathere polimbana ndi phokoso. The position of components on the PRINTED circuit board should take full account of emi. Imodzi mwa mfundozo ndikuti zomwe zikuwongolera pakati pazinthu ndizofupikitsa momwe zingathere. Potengera masanjidwe, gawo lazizindikiro za analogi, gawo lothamanga kwambiri la digito, ndi gawo la phokoso (monga kulandirana, kusinthana kwaposachedwa, ndi zina zambiri) ziyenera kupatulidwa moyenera kuti muchepetse kulumikizana kwa ma siginolo, monga akuwonetsera Chithunzi 1 -②.

Clock generator. Crystal oscillator and CPU clock input are prone to noise, to be closer to each other. Noisy devices. Low current circuit. Maseketi akuluakulu apano akuyenera kukhala kutali ndi madongosolo azinthu momwe angathere. Ndikofunika kupanga bolodi lapadera ngati zingatheke.

2.1 The following principles shall be observed when determining the location of special components: (1) Shorten the connection between high-frequency components as far as possible, and try to reduce their distribution parameters and electromagnetic interference between each other. Zida zosokonezeka siziyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri, ndipo zopangira ndi zotulutsa ziyenera kukhala kutali momwe zingathere.

(2) Pakhoza kukhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pazinthu zina kapena mawaya, chifukwa chake mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukulitsidwa kuti tipewe kufupika kwakanthawi mwangozi komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakutuluka. Zigawo zamagetsi zazikulu ziyenera kukhala momwe zingathere kuyikidwa m’malo osafikika mosavuta pamanja pakakonza zolakwika.

(3) Zigawo zolemera kuposa 15g. Iyenera kulimbikitsidwa kenako kutsekedwa. Izi ndi zazikulu komanso zolemetsa. Zida zomwe zimakhala ndi calorific yayikulu siziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa bolodi losindikizidwa, koma pa chassis cha makina onse, ndipo vuto la kutaya kwanyengo liyenera kuganiziridwa. Zinthu zotentha zimayenera kusungidwa ndi zinthu zotenthetsera.

(4) ya potentiometer. Chosinthika inductor koyilo. Capacitor zosiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kazinthu zosinthika monga microswitch ziyenera kuganizira zofunikira pamakina onse. Ngati makina akusintha, ayenera kuikidwa pa bolodi losindikizidwa pamwambapa kuti asinthe malo; Makinawa akasinthidwa panja, malo ake ayenera kusinthidwa kuti akhale ngati kogwirizira kosanja pagawo la chisiki.

(5) Udindo wokhala ndi bowo lokonzekera ndi kukonza bulaketi la bolodi lomwe lasindikizidwa uyenera kupatula.

2.2 Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zigawo zonse zadongosolo malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera kuyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:

(1) Konzani malo oyang’anira dera lililonse mogwirizana ndi momwe dera limayendera, kuti masanjidwewo akhale oyenera mayendedwe azizindikiro ndipo chizindikirocho chimasunga njira yomweyo momwe zingathere.

(2) Kuzipangizo zazikulu za dera lililonse logwirira ntchito ngati likulu, mozungulira mozungulira kuti likwaniritse dongosolo. Zigawo ziyenera kukhala yunifolomu. Ndipo zaukhondo. Kukonzekera kokwanira pa PCB kuti ichepetse ndikufupikitsa njira ndi kulumikizana pakati pazinthu. (3) Kwa ma circuits omwe amagwira ntchito pamafupipafupi, magawo omwe amagawika pakati pazinthu ayenera kuganiziridwa. M’madera onse, zigawo zimayenera kulinganizidwa mozungulira momwe zingathere. Mwa njira iyi, osati yokongola yokha, komanso yosavuta kukhazikitsa kuwotcherera, kosavuta kupanga.

(4) Zigawo zili m’mphepete mwa bolodi la dera, makamaka osachepera 2mm kuchokera m’mphepete mwa bolodi. Maonekedwe abwino kwambiri a bolodi loyenda ndi mapangidwe ake. Kutalika mpaka m’lifupi chiŵerengero 3: 2 kapena 4: 3. Kukula kwa bolodi lazungulira ndikoposa 200x150mm. Kuganizira kuyenera kuperekedwa ku mphamvu yamakina a board of circuit.

2.3 zofunika General Kamangidwe ka zigawo PCB:

Zoyendetsa dera ndi mayendedwe azizindikiro ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kulumikizana kwa zikwangwani zosafunikira:

(1) Njira yotsika yamagetsi siyenera kukhala pafupi ndi mayendedwe okwera komanso chingwe chamagetsi popanda zosefera, kuphatikiza dera lomwe limatha kupanga zocheperako.

(2) Patulani gawo lotsika la analogi kuchokera ku digito kuti mupewe dera la analog. Dera ladijito ndi kuzungulira kwamagetsi kumabweretsa kulumikizana kwama impedance.

(3) pamwamba. Mu fayilo ya. Maulendo otsika othamanga amagwiritsa ntchito madera osiyanasiyana pa PCB.

(4) Kutalika kwa mzere wazizindikiro kuyenera kuchepetsedwa dera likakonzedwa

(5) Onetsetsani pakati pa mbale zoyandikana. Pakati pa zigawo zoyandikana za bolodi lomwelo. Musakhale ndi zingwe zazitali zazitali zofananira pakati pa zingwe zoyandikana chimodzimodzi.

(6) Fyuluta yamagetsi yamagetsi (EMI) iyenera kukhala pafupi ndi gwero la EMI momwe ingathere ndikuyikidwa pa board yomweyo.

(7) Wosintha DC / DC. Kusintha kwa zinthu ndi ma rectifiers kuyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi thiransifoma momwe zingathere kuti muchepetse kutalika kwa mawaya awo

(8) Ikani mawonekedwe oyendetsa magetsi ndi fyuluta capacitor pafupi kwambiri ndi diode yokonzanso.

(9) Bokosi losindikizidwa limagawika molingana ndi momwe limasinthira komanso mawonekedwe amasinthidwe apano, ndipo chinthu chaphokoso ndi chopanda phokoso chikuyenera kukhala kutali.

(10) Chingwe cholumikizira phokoso sichiyenera kufanana ndi mzere wothamanga kwambiri, wothamanga kwambiri.