Mbadamba circuit (PCB) is the support of circuit components and components in electronic products. It provides the electrical connection between circuit components and components. It is the most basic component of various electronic equipment, and its performance is directly related to the quality of electronic equipment. Site na mmepe nke ọha ozi, ụdị ngwaahịa elektrọnịkị niile na -arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ, nnyonye anya dị n’etiti ha na -adịwanye njọ. Ya mere, ndakọrịta electromagnetic na -aghọ isi ihe na -arụ ọrụ nke sistemụ eletrọnịkị. N’otu aka ahụ, site na mmepe nke teknụzụ eletriki, njupụta nke PCB na -arịwanye elu. Ogo nke imebe PCB nwere nnukwu mmetụta na nnyonye anya na mgbochi mgbochi nke sekit. Na mgbakwunye na nhọrọ nke ihe mejupụtara na imewe sekit, ezigbo wiwi PCB bụkwa ihe dị oke mkpa na ndakọrịta electromagnetic maka arụmọrụ kacha mma nke sekit elektrọnik.

Since the PCB is an inherent component of the system, enhancing electromagnetic compatibility in the PCB wiring does not incur additional costs to the final product completion. Agbanyeghị, na imepụta bọọdụ sekit e biri ebi, ndị na -emepụta ngwaahịa na -eleba anya naanị iji melite njupụta, belata ọrụ ohere, mmepụta dị mfe, ma ọ bụ ịchụso ọmarịcha, edo edo, na -eleghara mmetụta okirikiri okirikiri na ndakọrịta elektrọnik. ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbaàmà radieshon n’ime oghere iji mepụta iyi egwu. Ngwa wijetị PCB na -adịghị mma nwere ike ibute nsogbu emc karịa ka ọ nwere ike wepu. N’ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọbụlagodi itinye ihe nzacha na ngwa anaghị edozi nsogbu ndị a. N’ikpeazụ, a ga -atụgharịgharị bọọdụ niile. Yabụ, ịzụlite omume wiwi PCB dị mma bụ ụzọ kachasị dị ọnụ ahịa ịmalite.

Otu ihe ị ga -ahụ bụ na enweghị iwu siri ike maka wiwi PCB yana enweghị iwu akọwapụtara nke na -ekpuchi wiwi PCB niile. Imirikiti wiwi PCB nwere oke nke bọọdụ sekit na ọnụọgụ nke mkpuchi ọla kọpa. Ụfọdụ usoro wiring nke enwere ike itinye n’otu sekit mana ọ bụghị nke ọzọ dabere na ahụmịhe nke onye injin wiring. Enwere, agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ iwu izugbe, nke a ga -atụle n’okpuru.

Maka ezigbo mma imewe. PCB nwere ọnụ ala kwesịrị ịgbaso ụkpụrụ izugbe ndị a:

2. Nhazi nke ihe dị na PCB

Nke mbụ, ọ dị mkpa ịtụle nha PCB buru oke ibu. Mgbe nha PCB buru oke ibu, ahịrị ebipụta dị ogologo, impedance na-abawanye, ikike mgbochi mkpọtụ na-ebelata, ọnụ ahịa ya na-abawanye. Nke pere mpe, mgbasasị ọkụ adịghị mma, na ahịrị ndị dị n’akụkụ nwere ike nwee ndabichi. Mgbe ikpebi nha PCB. Mgbe ahụ chọta akụrụngwa pụrụ iche. N’ikpeazụ, dị ka ngalaba na -arụ ọrụ nke sekit ahụ, ewepụtara ihe niile mejupụtara sekit ahụ.

A digital circuit in an electronic device. Eserese analog na ike okirikiri okirikiri okirikiri na njiri wires dị iche, ha na -ewepụta nnyonye anya na ụzọ mgbochi nnyonye anya dị iche. Also high frequency. N’ihi ugboro ole dị iche iche, nnyonye anya okirikiri okirikiri na usoro iji gbochie nnyonye anya dị iche. Yabụ na nhazi akụrụngwa, sekit dijitalụ kwesịrị ịdị. The analog circuit and the power supply circuit are placed separately to separate the high frequency circuit from the low frequency circuit. Ọ bụrụ na enwere ọnọdụ, a ga -ekewapụ ha ma ọ bụ mee ha na bọọdụ sekit iche. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nhazi ahụ kwesịkwara ị paya ntị pụrụ iche. Weak signal device distribution and signal transmission direction.

In printed board layout high speed. Maka okirikiri mgbagha mgbagha na obere ọsọ, ekwesịrị ịhazi ihe ndị ahụ n’ụzọ egosipụtara na eserese 1-1.

Dịka ọ dị na okirikiri mgbagha echiche ndị ọzọ, ekwesịrị idobe ihe ndị ahụ ka ibe ha nwee ike nweta mmetụta mgbochi mkpọtụ ka mma. The position of components on the PRINTED circuit board should take full account of emi. Otu n’ime ụkpụrụ bụ idobe ụzọ n’etiti ngwa dị ka o kwere mee. N’ihe gbasara nhazi, akụkụ mgbama analog, akụkụ sekit dijitalụ dị elu, yana akụkụ mkpọtụ (dịka relay, mgba ọkụ dị ugbu a, wdg) kwesịrị nkewa nke ọma iji belata njikọ njikọ n’etiti ha, dịka egosiri na eserese 1. -②.

Clock generator. Crystal oscillator and CPU clock input are prone to noise, to be closer to each other. Noisy devices. Circuit dị ala ugbu a. Nnukwu sekit dị ugbu a kwesịrị ịnọ na sekit mgbagha dị ka o kwere mee. Ọ dị mkpa ịme bọọdụ sekit dị iche ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga -ekwe omume.

2.1 The following principles shall be observed when determining the location of special components: (1) Shorten the connection between high-frequency components as far as possible, and try to reduce their distribution parameters and electromagnetic interference between each other. Akụkụ ndị na -enye nsogbu ngwa ngwa ekwesịghị ịdị na -akpachi anya, na ntinye na mmepụta ihe kwesịrị ịdị anya dị ka o kwere mee.

(2) Enwere ike nwee nnukwu ọdịiche dị n’etiti ụfọdụ ihe ma ọ bụ wires, yabụ ekwesịrị ịbawanye anya n’etiti ha iji zere sekit dị mkpirikpi ihe mberede nke mwepụta na -akpata. Akụkụ nwere nnukwu voltaji kwesịrị ịdị ka enwere ike idobe ya na ebe anaghị adị mfe iji aka mgbe ị na -eme nbipu.

(3) Akụkụ nke ịdị arọ ya karịrị 15g. Ekwesịrị ịkwado ya wee kpaa ya ọkụ. Ndị ahụ buru ibu ma dị arọ. Ekwesighi ịwụnye ihe ndị nwere nnukwu kalori na bọọdụ ebipụtara, mana na chassis nke igwe ahụ niile, yana nsogbu nke mgbasa ọkụ kwesịrị ịtụle. Ekwesịrị idobe ihe ndị na -ekpo ọkụ na ihe ọkụ.

(4) maka potentiometer. Kemeghi inductor eriri igwe. Mgbanwe capacitor. Nhazi nke ihe ndị a na -agbanwe agbanwe dị ka microswitch kwesịrị ịtụle ihe nhazi nke igwe ahụ dum chọrọ. Ọ bụrụ na ịhazigharị igwe, ekwesịrị idobe ya na bọọdụ ebipụtara n’elu dị mfe ịhazigharị ebe ahụ; Ọ bụrụ na emezigharị igwe ahụ na mpụga, ekwesịrị ịhazigharị ọnọdụ ya na ọnọdụ nke ogwe mgbanwe na panel chassis.

(5) Ekwesịrị ịwepụta ọnọdụ nke oghere idobe na ihe nrụzi nke bọọdụ ebipụtara.

2.2 Nhazi nke akụkụ niile nke sekit dịka ngalaba na -arụ ọrụ nke sekit ga -eso ụkpụrụ ndị a:

(1) Hazie ọnọdụ nke ngalaba sekit ọ bụla na -arụ ọrụ dị ka usoro sekit si dị, ka okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu dị mma maka mgbama mgbaama na mgbama na -edobe otu ntụzịaka ahụ enwere ike.

(2) Maka akụkụ nke okirikiri okirikiri ọ bụla na -arụ ọrụ dị ka etiti, gburugburu ya iji rụọ nhazi ahụ. Ngwa kwesịrị ịdị otu. Na ịdị ọcha. Nhazi nkwekọrịta na PCB iji belata na ibelata ụzọ na njikọ n’etiti ngwa. (3) Maka sekit na -arụ ọrụ n’ogo dị elu, ekwesịrị ịtụle paramita ndị kesara n’etiti ihe. Na sekit n’ozuzu, ekwesịrị ịhazi akụkụ dị ka o kwere mee. N’ụzọ dị otu a, ọ bụghị naanị mara mma, dịkwa mfe ịwụnye ịgbado ọkụ, dị mfe imepụta oke.

(4) Ihe ndị dị na nsọtụ bọọdụ sekit, n’ozuzu ya erughị 2mm site na nsọtụ bọọdụ sekit. Ọdịdị kachasị mma nke bọọdụ sekit bụ rektangulu. Ogologo n’obosara obosara 3: 2 ma ọ bụ 4: 3. Ogo nke bọọdụ sekit karịrị 200x150mm. Ekwesịrị ịtụle maka ike igwe nke bọọdụ sekit.

2.3 General okirikiri nhọrọ ukwuu chọrọ maka PCB components:

A ga -agbasịrị usoro sekit na ụzọ mgbaama iji belata njikọta akara ndị achọghị:

(1) Ọwa mgbaama eletriki dị ala ekwesịghị ịdị nso na ọwa mgbaama ọkwa dị elu yana akara ike na -enweghị nzacha, gụnyere sekit nwere ike iwepụta usoro na -agafe agafe.

(2) Kewapụ sekit analog dị ala na sekit dijitalụ iji zere sekit analog. Dijitalụ dijitalụ na loop nkịtị nke ike ọkụ na -emepụta njikọ impedance nkịtị.

(3) elu. N’ime. Mkpesa mgbagha dị ala na -eji mpaghara dị iche iche na PCB.

(4) Ekwesịrị ibelata ogologo akara akara mgbe edoziri sekit

(5) Gbaa mbọ hụ n’etiti efere dị nso. N’etiti akụkụ nke otu bọọdụ ahụ. Enwela eriri eriri ogologo ogologo yiri ogologo n’etiti eriri dị n’akụkụ n’otu oyi akwa.

(6) nzacha nke nnyonye aka (EMI) kwesịrị ịdị nso na isi iyi EMI ma tinye ya n’otu bọọdụ sekit.

(7) Ihe ntụgharị DC/DC. Ekwesịrị idobe ihe ngbanwe na ihe nrụzi ka ọ bụrụ onye na -agbanwe ọkụ ka o kwere mee iji belata ogologo nke wires ha

(8) Debe voltaji na -ahazi ihe na nzacha capacitor ka o kwere mee na diode rectifier.

(9) A na-ekewa bọọdụ e biri ebi dị ka ugboro ugboro na njirimara ngbanwe dị ugbu a, mmewere mkpọtụ na ihe na-eme mkpọtụ kwesịrị ịdị anya.

(10) Igwe ihe na-eme mkpọtụ ekwesịghị ịdị ka ahịrị ngbanwe dị elu dị ugbu a.