Ephrintiwe wesifunda ibhodi (I-PCB) ukusekelwa kwezingxenye zesekethe nezingxenye kumikhiqizo kagesi. Inikeza ukuxhumana kagesi phakathi kwezingxenye zesekethe nezakhi. Ingxenye eyisisekelo kunazo zonke imishini ye-elekthronikhi, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuhlobene ngqo nekhwalithi yemishini kagesi. Ngokuthuthukiswa komphakathi wolwazi, zonke izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi zivame ukusebenza ngokubambisana, futhi ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwazo kubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic kuba yisihluthulelo sokusebenza okujwayelekile kohlelo lwe-elektroniki. Ngokufanayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kagesi, ukuminyana kwe-PCB kuya ngokuya kukhula. Ikhwalithi ye-PCB design inethonya elikhulu ekuphazanyisweni nasekuphikiseni ikhono lesifunda. Ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezinto nokwakhiwa kwesekethe, i-wiring enhle ye-PCB nayo iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhambisaneni kwamandla kagesi ngokusebenza kahle kwamasekethe kagesi.

Njengoba i-PCB iyingxenye yemvelo yohlelo, ukuqinisa ukuhambisana kwamandla kagesi ku-wiring ye-PCB akulethi izindleko ezingeziwe ekuqedelweni komkhiqizo kokugcina. Kodwa-ke, ekwakhiweni kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe, abaklami bemikhiqizo bavame ukunaka kuphela ukwenza ngcono ukuminyana, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwesikhala, ukukhiqizwa okulula, noma ukufuna ukwakheka okuhle, okufananayo, ukungawunaki umthelela wesakhiwo sesifunda ekuhambisaneni kagesi, ukuze inani lemisebe yamasignali esikhaleni ukwakha ukuhlukunyezwa. Intambo ephansi ye-PCB ingadala izinkinga eziningi ze-emc kunokuba ingaqeda. Ezimweni eziningi, ngisho nokungeza izihlungi nezakhi akuxazululi lezi zinkinga. Ekugcineni, ibhodi lonke kwadingeka livuselelwe kabusha. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa imikhuba emihle yezintambo ze-PCB kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuqala.

Into eyodwa okufanele uyiqaphele ukuthi ayikho imithetho eqinile ye-PCB wiring futhi akukho mithetho ethize ehlanganisa yonke intambo ye-PCB. Izintambo eziningi ze-PCB zikhawulelwa ngosayizi webhodi lesifunda kanye nenani lezendwangu ezigqokiwe ngethusi. Amanye amasu wiring angasetshenziswa esifundeni esisodwa kepha hhayi kwesinye ancike kulokho okwenziwa ngunjiniyela wezintambo. Kunemithetho ejwayelekile, ezoxoxwa ngezansi.

Ngekhwalithi enhle yokuklama. I-PCB enezindleko eziphansi kufanele ilandele lezi zimiso ezijwayelekile ezilandelayo:

2. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ku-PCB

Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukucabanga ngosayizi we-PCB kukhulu kakhulu. Lapho ubukhulu be-PCB bukhulu kakhulu, ulayini ophrintiwe mude, i-impedance iyanda, ikhono lokulwa nomsindo liyancipha, futhi izindleko ziyanda. Mncane kakhulu, ukushabalalisa ukushisa akukuhle, futhi imigqa esondelene nayo kungenzeka iphazanyiswe. Ngemuva kokunquma usayizi we-PCB. Bese thola izingxenye ezikhethekile. Ekugcineni, ngokuya ngeyunithi esebenzayo yesekethe, zonke izingxenye zesekethe zibekiwe.

Isifunda sedijithali kudivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto zezinto zesekethe namandla wesifunda ne-wiring zihlukile, zikhiqiza ukuphazanyiswa nezindlela zokucindezela ukuphazamiseka zihlukile. Futhi imvamisa ephezulu. Ngenxa yemvamisa ehlukile, ukuphazanyiswa kwesekethe eliphansi kanye nendlela yokucindezela ukuphazamiseka kwehlukile. Ngakho-ke ekuhlelweni kwengxenye, isekethe yedijithali kufanele ibe njalo. Isifunda se-analog nesekethe yokuphakelwa kwamandla kubekwa ngokwehlukana ukuhlukanisa isekethe eliphakeme lemvamisa nesekethe eliphansi lemvamisa. Uma kunezimo, kufanele zihlukaniswe noma zenziwe ibhodi lesifunda ngokwehlukana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kufanele futhi kunake ngokukhethekile okuqinile. Ukusatshalaliswa kwedivayisi yesiginali ebuthakathaka kanye nesiqondiso sokudluliswa kwesiginali.

Ngokwesakhiwo sebhodi eliphrintiwe ngesivinini esikhulu. Kumasekethe we-logic wejubane eliphakathi nelijubane eliphansi, izingxenye kufanele zihlelwe ngendlela ekhonjiswe ku-Figure 1-1.

Njengakwezinye izifunda ezinengqondo, izingxenye kufanele zibekwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka komunye nomunye ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela ongcono wokulwa nomsindo. Ukuma kwezakhi ebhodini lesifunda ELIPHRINTIWE kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngama-emi. Esinye sezimiso ukugcina ukuhola phakathi kwezinto kufushane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, ingxenye yesiginali ye-analog, ingxenye yesivinini sedijithali enesivinini esikhulu, nengxenye yomthombo womsindo (njengokudlulisa, iswishi ephezulu yamanje, njll.) Kufanele ihlukaniswe kahle ukunciphisa ukuhlangana kwesiginali phakathi kwabo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 1 -②.

Iwashi lewashi. Ukufakwa kwewashi le-Crystal oscillator nokufakwa kwewashi le-CPU kuthanda ukuba nomsindo, ukuze kusondelane. Amadivayisi anomsindo. Isifunda samanje esiphansi. Amasekethe amakhulu amanje kufanele agcinwe kude namasekethi enengqondo ngangokunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukwenza ibhodi lesifunda elihlukile uma kungenzeka.

2.1 Lezi zimiso ezilandelayo zizogcinwa lapho kunqunywa ukutholakala kwezakhi ezikhethekile: (1) Finyeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zefrikhwensi ephezulu ngangokunokwenzeka, bese uzama ukunciphisa imingcele yokusabalalisa nokuphazamiseka kukagesi phakathi komunye nomunye. Izinto eziphazamiseke kalula akumele zisondelane kakhulu, futhi izinto zokufaka nezokukhipha kufanele zikude ngangokunokwenzeka.

(2) Kungahle kube khona umehluko omkhulu ongaba khona phakathi kwezinye izinto noma izintambo, ngakho-ke ibanga phakathi kwazo kufanele lenyuswe ukuze kugwenywe ngengozi isifunda esifushane esibangelwe ukukhishwa. Izinto ezinamandla amakhulu kufanele zibekwe ngangokunokwenzeka ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula ngesandla ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha.

(3) Izinto ezinesisindo esidlula i-15g. Kufanele iboshwe bese ishiselwa. Lokho kukhulu futhi kuyasinda. Izinto ezinenani eliphakeme le-calorific akufanele zifakwe ebhodini eliphrintiwe, kepha kwi-chassis yawo wonke umshini, futhi nenkinga yokushiswa kokushisa kufanele ibhekwe. Izinto ezishisayo kufanele zigcinwe kude nezinto zokushisa.

(4) ye-potentiometer. Ikhoyili ye-inductor eguquguqukayo. I-capacitor eguquguqukayo. Ukuhlelwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo njenge-microswitch kufanele kubheke izidingo zokwakhiwa kwawo wonke umshini. Uma ukulungiswa umshini, kufanele ibekwe ebhodini ephrintiwe ngenhla lula ukulungisa indawo; Uma umshini ulungiswa ngaphandle, isikhundla sawo kufanele sivumelane nesimo sebhande lokulungisa kuphaneli ye-chassis.

(5) Isikhundla esithathwa yimbobo yokuma nendawo yokulungisa ibhodi eliphrintiwe kufanele sibekelwe eceleni.

2.2 Ukuhlelwa kwazo zonke izingxenye zesekethe ngokuya ngamayunithi asebenzayo wesekethe kufanele kuthobele le migomo elandelayo:

(1) Hlela indawo yeyunithi ngayinye yesekethe esebenzayo ngokuya ngenqubo yesekethe, ukuze ukwakheka kube lula ukugeleza kwesiginali futhi isiginali igcina indlela efanayo ngangokunokwenzeka.

(2) Ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zesekethe ngalinye elisebenzayo njengesikhungo, elizungezile ukwenza ukwakheka. Izingxenye kufanele zifane. Futhi kucocekile. Ukuhlelwa okuhlanganisiwe ku-PCB ukunciphisa nokunciphisa imikhondo nokuxhuma phakathi kwezinto. (3) Kumasekethe asebenza kuma-frequency aphezulu, amapharamitha asatshalalisiwe phakathi kwezinto kufanele acatshangelwe. Kumasekethe ajwayelekile, izingxenye kufanele zihlelwe ngokufana ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, hhayi kuphela enhle, futhi kulula ukufaka Welding, kulula ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi.

(4) Izingxenye ezisemaphethelweni ebhodi lesifunda, ngokuvamile ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-2mm ukusuka emaphethelweni webhodi lesifunda. Ukuma okuhle kwebhodi lesifunda kungunxande. Ubude kububanzi besilinganiso 3: 2 noma 4: 3. Usayizi webhodi lesifunda mkhulu kune-200x150mm. Ukucatshangelwa kufanele kunikezwe amandla womshini webhodi lesifunda.

Izidingo zokuhlelwa okujwayelekile kwe-PCB:

Izinto zesekethe nezindlela zesiginali kufanele zibekiwe ukunciphisa ukuhlangana kwezimpawu ezingafuneki:

(1) Umzila wesiginali ophansi we-elekthronikhi akufanele usondele esiteshini sesignali esezingeni eliphakeme nolayini wamandla ngaphandle kokuhlunga, kufaka phakathi isekethe elingakhiqiza inqubo edlulayo.

(2) Hlukanisa isekethe le-analog elisezingeni eliphansi kusuka kusekethe yedijithali ukugwema isekethe le-analog. Isekethe yedijithali kanye neluphu ejwayelekile yokunikezwa kwamandla kukhiqiza ukuhlangana kwe-impedance okuvamile.

(3) phezulu. Kuhlelo. Amasekethe we-logic anejubane eliphansi asebenzisa izindawo ezahlukahlukene ku-PCB.

(4) Ubude bolayini wesiginali kufanele bancishiswe lapho kuhlelwa isekethe

(5) Qinisekisa phakathi kwamapuleti aseduze. Phakathi kwezendlalelo eziseduze zebhodi elifanayo. Ungabi nezintambo zesiginali ezinde ngokweqile phakathi kwezintambo eziseduze kusendlalelo esifanayo.

(6) Isihlungi se-Electromagnetic (EMI) kufanele sibe seduze nomthombo we-EMI futhi sibekwe ebhodini lesifunda elifanayo.

(7) Isiguquli seDC / DC. Ukushintsha izinto nama-rectifiers kufanele kubekwe eduze kwe-transformer ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubude bezintambo zabo

(8) Beka i-elementi elawula amandla kagesi ne-filter capacitor eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ku-diode yokulungisa.

(9) Ibhodi eliphrintiwe lihlukaniswe ngokuya ngemvamisa nezici zamanje zokushintsha, futhi into yomsindo nento engekho umsindo kufanele ibe kude kakhulu.

(10) Izintambo ezizwakala umsindo akufanele zihambisane nolayini wokushintsha amandla wejubane eliphezulu kakhulu.