Ponena za vuto lovuta pakusintha magetsi, PCB mavuto a mbale sakhala ovuta kwambiri, koma ngati mukufuna kutulutsa PCB yoyengedwa ndiyomwe ingakhale imodzi mwamavuto pakusinthira magetsi (kapangidwe ka PCB sikabwino, kangayambitse kanthu momwe mungayambitsire vuto lotulutsa nsalu pazochitikazo, chifukwa chake osawopseza) chifukwa chake gulu la PCB limaganizira kapena zambiri, monga: Magwiridwe amagetsi, njira yoyendetsera, zofunikira zachitetezo, EMC, ndi zina; Zina mwazinthu zofunika kuziganizira, zamagetsi ndizofunikira kwambiri, koma EMC ndiyovuta kwambiri kumvetsetsa, ndipo vuto la ntchito zambiri lili ku EMC. Otsatirawa kuchokera ku mayendedwe a 22 kuti agawane gulu la PCB ndi EMC.

1, okhwima dera akhoza kukhala yopuma PCB kapangidwe EMI dera

Zovuta zakuzungulira pamwambapa pa EMC zitha kuganiziridwa, zosefera zolowetsera zili pano; Kuzindikira kwa mphezi; Kukaniza R102 kuteteza kugwedezeka kwamakono (ndikulandila kuti muchepetse kutayika); Njira yayikulu yolakwika X capacitance ndi Y capacitance ndi kusefa kwa inductor; Pali mafyuzi omwe akukhudza gulu lachitetezo; Chimodzi mwazida izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ndi chinthu chilichonse chiyenera kuyamikiridwa mosamala. Mulingo wovuta wa EMC uyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga dera, monga kuchuluka kwa zosefera zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa, kuchuluka ndi malo amtundu wa y-capacitor. Kusankha kwakukula ndi kuchuluka kwazovuta kumayenderana kwambiri ndi zomwe tikufuna ku EMC. Takulandilani kuti mukambirane za dera looneka ngati losavuta la EMI lomwe lili ndi zowonadi zakuya za chinthu chilichonse.

2. Dera ndi EMC: (topology yodziwika bwino kwambiri yowuluka pamtanda, onani magawo ati ofunikira omwe ali ndi makina a EMC)

Zigawo zozungulira mozungulira zomwe zili pamwambapa ndizofunikira kwambiri ku EMC (zindikirani kuti gawo lobiriwira silili), monga radiation. Amadziwika kuti ma radiation pamagetsi am’magawo ndi malo, koma mfundo yayikulu ndikusintha kwa maginito flux, komwe kumakhudza gawo lamagawo amagetsi, lomwe limafanana ndi kuzungulira kwa dera. Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kupanga maginito, omwe amakhala osasunthika ndipo sangasanduke magetsi. Koma mphamvu yamagetsi yosintha imapanga maginito osintha, ndipo maginito osintha amatha kupanga magetsi (makamaka, awa ndi Maxwell equation ndipo ndimagwiritsa ntchito mawu osavuta), ndipo magetsi osintha amathanso kupanga maginito munda. Chifukwa chake onetsetsani kuti mumayang’ana malo omwe kuli / kutseka, ndiye gwero la EMC, ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimachokera ku EMC. Mwachitsanzo, kutambasula kwa mzere pamadontho ndikutsegula ndi kutseka kwa chubu chosinthira. Sikuti kuthamanga kosintha kokha kumatha kusinthidwa panthawi yopanga dera, komanso dera lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi bolodi limakhudza kwambiri EMC! Malupu ena awiriwo ndi malupu oyamwa ndi kukonza malupu, choyamba mvetserani pasadakhale, ndiyeno lankhulani!

3. Mgwirizano wapakati pa PCB kapangidwe ndi EMC

Chingwe cha 1.PCB chimakhudza kwambiri EMC, monga flyback main power loop. Ngati ndi yayikulu kwambiri, cheza chake sichikhala bwino.

2. Fyuluta yolumikizira, fyuluta imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusefa zosokoneza, koma ngati kulumikizana kwa PCB sikuli bwino, fyuluta itayika momwe iyenera kukhalira.

3. Gawo la kapangidwe kake, radiator kapangidwe kake sikabwino sikungakhudze kukhazikika kwa mtundu wotetezedwa;

4. Ngati gawo lodziwikiralo lili pafupi kwambiri ndi zomwe zingasokoneze, monga EMI dera ndi switch tube, mosakayikira zitha kuyambitsa EMC yosauka, ndipo malo owonekera kuti azidzipatula amafunika.

5. Kulumikizana kwa RC kuyamwa kuzungulira.

6.Y capacitor grounding ndi wiring, ndipo mawonekedwe a Y capacitor ndiyofunikanso!

Ndikulankhula za izi, ndipo ndizikambirana kwambiri, koma ndikupatsirani chitsogozo.

Nachi chitsanzo chachangu:

Monga momwe tawonetsera m’bokosi lomwe lili ndi madontho pamwambapa, X yolumikizira pini ya capacitor yasungidwa. Mutha kuphunzira momwe mungapangire cholumikizira cha capacitor chakunja (pogwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira cham’manja). Mwanjira iyi, kusefa kwa X capacitor kumatha kufikira bwino kwambiri.

4. Kukonzekera kapangidwe ka PCB: (ngati mwakonzeka bwino, kapangidwe kake kangathe kukhazikika pang’onopang’ono kuti mupewe kugwedezeka ndikuyambiranso)

Pali pafupifupi zinthu zotsatirazi, ndi njira zawo zomwe angaganizire, zonse zomwe zilipo sizikugwirizana ndi maphunziro ena, ndizachidule chawo chokha.

1. Kukula kwamapangidwe, kuphatikiza mabowo oyika, njira yolowera ndi mpweya, kulowetsa ndi kutulutsa kotsekera, kuyenera kufanana ndi kasitomala, amafunikiranso kulumikizana ndi mavuto amsonkhano wamakasitomala, malire kutalika ndi zina zotero.

2. Chitetezo chachitetezo, malonda amachita mtundu wanji wa chizindikiritso, komwe kutchinjiriza koyambira kumatha kutalika, komwe kumalimbitsa kutchinjiriza kusiya mtunda wokwanira kapena kagawo.

3. Kapangidwe ka phukusi: palibe nthawi yapadera, monga kukonzekera makonda anu.

4. Njira yosankha njira: gulu limodzi lokha losankha magawo awiri, kapena bolodi lamitundu ingapo, malinga ndi chithunzithunzi ndi kukula kwa bolodi, mtengo ndi kuwunika kwina konse.

5. Zofunikira zina zapadera za makasitomala.

Kapangidwe kake ndi njirayi imasinthasintha, malamulo achitetezo kapena gawo lokhazikika, chitsimikizo choti muchite, ndi miyezo yanji yachitetezo, zachidziwikire, pali malamulo ena achitetezo omwe amapezeka pamiyeso yambiri, koma palinso zinthu zina zapadera monga zamankhwala chithandizo chidzakhala chovuta kwambiri.

Kwa amisiri atsopano olowera sanasangalale;

Mndandanda wotsatira wazinthu zina zonse, zotsatirazi zidafotokozedwa mwachidule pazofunikira za nsalu za IEC60065, kuti chitetezo chizikumbukira, kukumana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingawunikiridwe:

1. Mtunda wa phukusi lama fuyusi ndiloposa 3.0mm malinga ndi malamulo achitetezo, ndipo mbaleyo ndi 3.5mm (kungoyankhula, mtunda wa fusetiyo ndi 3.5mm kale ndi 3.0mm pambuyo).

2. Pambuyo ndi pambuyo pa mlatho wokonzanso, zofunikira zachitetezo ndi 2.0MM, ndipo kapangidwe ka mbale ndi 2.5MM.

3. Pambuyo pokonzanso, malamulo achitetezo samafunikira, koma mtunda wapakati pamagetsi otsika ndi otsika umatsalira malinga ndi mphamvu zenizeni, ndipo 400V yamagetsi yayikulu imatsalira pamwamba pa 2.0mm.

4. Malangizo achitetezo pachigawo choyamba amafunikira 6.4mm (kusiyana kwamagetsi), ndipo mtunda wa creepage uyenera kukhala 7.6mm. (Dziwani kuti izi ndizokhudzana ndi magetsi olowera, akuyenera kutchula tebulo kuti liwerengedwe, zomwe zimafotokozedwera kokha, kutengera momwe zinthu ziliri)

5. Malo ozizira ndi nthaka yotentha amadziwika ndi gawo loyambirira; L, N chizindikiro, INPUT AC INPUT chizindikiro, fyuzi chenjezo ndi zina zotero ziyenera kudziwika bwino;

Amanenanso kuti mtunda weniweni wa chitetezo umakhudzana ndi magetsi olowera ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kulozera patebulopo kuti muwerenge. Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndizongotchulira zokha ndipo zidzapambana momwe ziliri.

5. Ganizirani zinthu zina poteteza kapangidwe ka PCB

1. Mvetsetsani chitsimikizo choti malonda awo amachita ndi magulu azinthu ziti. Mwachitsanzo, chithandizo chamankhwala, kulumikizana, magetsi, TV ndi zina zambiri ndizosiyana, koma palinso zofanana zambiri.

2. M’malamulo achitetezo, mvetsetsani mawonekedwe otchingira malo oyandikira ndi bolodi la PCB, malo omwe ndi kutchinjiriza koyambira, malo omwe amalimbikitsidwa kutchinjiriza, mtunda wosiyanasiyana wa kutchinjiriza sikofanana. Ndibwino kuti muwone momwe zinthu zilili, ndipo mutha kuwerengera mtunda wamagetsi, mtunda wolowera.

3. Yang’anani pazida zachitetezo cha malonda, monga ubale wapakati pa nyese yamagetsi yosinthira ndi mbali yoyambayo;

4. Redieta ndi vuto lakutali mozungulira, kutsekemera kwa rediyeta sikofanana ndi nthaka sikofanana, nthaka ndi yozizira, yotchinga yotentha ndi nsalu yomweyo.

5. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa mtunda wa inshuwaransi, yomwe imafuna malo okhwima kwambiri. Mtunda pakati kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa lama fuyusi ndi ofanana.

6. Ubale pakati pa Y capacitance ndi kutayikira kwapano komanso kulumikizana kwamakono.

Ndi zina zotero, ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungachokere patali, momwe mungapangire zofunikira zachitetezo.

6, PCB yopanga magetsi

1. Choyamba kuyeza kukula kwa PCB ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuti tikwaniritse kachulukidwe wabwino, kapena wandiweyani, sparse adzakhala yonyansa.

2. Sinthani mayendedwe anu modabwitsa, tengani zida zoyambira pakati, ndikuyika zida zofunikira poyamba.

3. Chipangizocho ndi chowoneka bwino kapena chopingasa, china ndi chokongola, china chimakhala chogwiritsira ntchito mosavuta, zochitika zapadera zimatha kupendekeka.

4. Tengani ma cabling ndikuwongolera masanjidwewo moyenera kwambiri kuti azitsatira.

5. Chepetsani malo ozungulira momwe mungathere mukakonza. Malupu anayiwo adzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake.

Chitani izi pamwambapa, zowona, kugwiritsa ntchito kosavuta, mawonekedwe oyenera abadwa posachedwa.

Yotsatirayi ndi PCB ya namwali yoyamba yomwe ndidalemba, zaka zambiri zapitazo, zinali zovuta kumaliza, pakhoza kukhala vuto pang’ono pakati, koma mawonekedwe ake ndiyofunika kuphunzira:

Pachiwerengero ichi, mphamvu yamagetsi idakalipobe. Gawo lolamulira la LLC, gawo lothandizira komanso woyendetsa dera la BUCK (gawo lamphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi) zili pagulu laling’ono, lomwe silimachotsedwa. Tiyeni tiwone mawonekedwe a mphamvu zazikulu:

1. Malo olowetsera ndi kutulutsa ali okhazikika ndipo sangathe kusunthidwa. Bolodi ndi yamakona anayi.

Apa masanjidwewo akuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba, kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja, ndipo kutentha kwakanthawi kumadalira chipolopolocho.

Dera la 2.EMI likadali loyenda bwino, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri, apo ayi sikuli kokongola komanso koyipa kwa EMC.

3. Udindo wa capacitor yayikulu uyenera kuganizira za kuzungulira kwa PFC ndi LLC mphamvu yayikulu momwe angathere;

4. Pakali pano mbaliyo ndi yayikulu. Pofuna kuyendetsa pakadali pano ndikuchotsa kutentha kwa chubu chokonzanso, mawonekedwe awa amavomerezedwa. Mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imapita molakwika, ndipo pansi pake imakhala yabwino.

Gulu lirilonse liri ndi mawonekedwe ake, zachidziwikire, lilinso ndi zovuta zake, momwe tingathetsere kiyiyo moyenera, titha kumvetsetsa masanjidwe osankha tanthauzo?

7. Kuyamika kwa zitsanzo za PCB

Ndikuganiza kuti ndi malo abwino kuchita. Zachidziwikire, padzakhala zolakwika nthawi zonse, zomwe zitha kunenedwanso. Sikovuta kuti gulu limodzi likhale lolumikizana kwambiri, chifukwa chake mutha kugwiritsa ntchito bolodi kuti muphunzire ndikukambirana! Kumbuyo kudzakhalanso kuti gulu ili lifotokozere za kuphunzira, timasangalala koyamba.

8. Kumvetsetsa malupu anayi a kapangidwe ka PCB: (chofunikira pakapangidwe ka PCB ndi gawo laling’ono la malupu anayi)

Kuphatikiza apo, kuyamwa (RCD mayamwidwe, RC kuyamwa kwa MOS chubu ndi RC kuyamwa kwa rectifier chubu) ndikofunikanso, komwe kumakhalanso chingwe chomwe chimapanga ma radiation pafupipafupi. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza chiwerengerochi, mwalandilidwa kuti mukambirane. Sitiopa mafunso aliwonse.

9. Mapangidwe a PCB otentha (malo oyandama) ndi waya wapansi:

Zinthu zofunika kuzisamalira:

1. Samalani kwambiri malo otentha (malo osinthira pafupipafupi), omwe ndi ma radiation oyenda pafupipafupi. Makina azingwe amakhudza kwambiri EMC.

2. Chingwe chomwe chimapangidwa ndi malo otentha ndichaching’ono ndipo zingwe ndizofupikitsa, ndipo zingwe sizolimba momwe zingathere, koma bola momwe chingwecho chilili chokwanira.

3. Chingwe cha pansi chimayenera kukhazikika pamalo amodzi. Malo akulu amagetsi ndi nthaka yolekanitsa padera, masampuli pansi amapita padera.

4. Nthaka ya rediyeta iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yayikulu.