PCB is the support of circuit components and components in electronic products. Amapereka kulumikizana kwamagetsi pakati pazinthu zamagawo ndi zida. Ndikukula kwachangu kwa ukadaulo wamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa PGB kukukulirakulira. Kutha kwa kapangidwe ka PCB kukana kusokonezedwa kumapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, pakupanga kwa PCB. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zakapangidwe ka PCB ziyenera kutsatidwa ndipo zofunikira pazoyeserera zosokoneza ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zakapangidwe ka PCB

Kapangidwe kazipangizo ndi mawaya ndikofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito abwino azigawo zamagetsi. For good design quality. PCB yotsika mtengo iyenera kutsatira mfundo izi:

1. Kapangidwe kake

Choyambirira, ndikofunikira kuganizira kukula kwa PCB ndikokulirapo. Kukula kwa PCB ndikokulirapo, mzere wosindikizidwa ndi wautali, kuchuluka kwa impedance kumatha, mphamvu yotsutsana ndi phokoso imachepa, ndipo mtengo ukuwonjezeka. Zing’onozing’ono, kutaya kwa kutentha sikuli bwino, ndipo mizere yoyandikana nayo imatha kusokonezedwa. Pambuyo pozindikira kukula kwa PCB. Kenako pezani zinthu zapadera. Pomaliza, malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a dera, zigawo zonse za dera zimayikidwa.

Tsatirani mfundo izi posankha komwe kuli zinthu zapadera:

(1) Fupikitsani kulumikizana pakati pazinthu zamagetsi kwambiri momwe mungathere, ndikuyesera kuchepetsa magawo omwe amagawika komanso kusokonekera kwamagetsi pakati pawo. Zida zosokonezeka siziyenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri, ndipo zopangira ndi zotulutsa ziyenera kukhala kutali momwe zingathere.

(2) Pakhoza kukhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pazinthu zina kapena mawaya, chifukwa chake mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukulitsidwa kuti tipewe kufupika kwakanthawi mwangozi komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakutuluka. Zigawo zamagetsi zazikulu ziyenera kukhala momwe zingathere kuyikidwa m’malo osafikika mosavuta pamanja pakakonza zolakwika.

(3) Zigawo zolemera kuposa 15g. Iyenera kulimbikitsidwa kenako kutsekedwa. Izi ndi zazikulu komanso zolemetsa. Zida zomwe zimakhala ndi calorific yayikulu siziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa bolodi losindikizidwa, koma pa chassis cha makina onse, ndipo vuto la kutaya kwanyengo liyenera kuganiziridwa. Zinthu zotentha zimayenera kusungidwa ndi zinthu zotenthetsera.

(4) ya potentiometer. Chosinthika inductor koyilo. Variable capacitor. Kapangidwe kazinthu zosinthika monga microswitch ziyenera kuganizira zofunikira pamakina onse. Ngati makina akusintha, ayenera kuikidwa pa bolodi losindikizidwa pamwambapa kuti asinthe malo; Makinawa akasinthidwa panja, malo ake ayenera kusinthidwa kuti akhale ngati kogwirizira kosanja pagawo la chisiki.

(5) Udindo wokhala ndi bowo lokonzekera ndi kukonza bulaketi la lever yosindikiza uyenera kupatula.

Malinga ndi gawo logwirira ntchito. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zigawo zonse zadongosolo kumatsatira mfundo izi:

(1) Konzani malo oyang’anira dera lililonse mogwirizana ndi momwe dera limayendera, kuti masanjidwewo akhale oyenera mayendedwe azizindikiro ndipo chizindikirocho chimasunga njira yomweyo momwe zingathere.

(2) Kuzipangizo zazikulu za dera lililonse logwirira ntchito ngati likulu, mozungulira mozungulira kuti likwaniritse dongosolo. Zigawo ziyenera kukhala yunifolomu. Ndipo zaukhondo. Zokonzedwa bwino pa PCB. Chepetsani ndi kufupikitsa chitsogozo ndi kulumikizana pakati pazinthu.

(3) For circuits working at high frequencies, the distributed parameters between components should be considered. M’madera onse, zigawo zimayenera kulinganizidwa mozungulira momwe zingathere. Mwanjira iyi, osati yokongola yokha. Ndipo zosavuta kusonkhana ndi china chotulutsa.

(4) Zigawo zili m’mphepete mwa bolodi la dera, makamaka osachepera 2mm kuchokera m’mphepete mwa bolodi. Maonekedwe abwino kwambiri a bolodi loyenda ndi mapangidwe ake. Kutalika kwakukula kwake ndi 3:20 ndi 4: 3. Kukula kwa bolodi lazungulira ndikoposa 200x150mm. Kuganizira kuyenera kuperekedwa ku mphamvu yamakina a board of circuit.

2. Kulumikizana

Mfundo za zingwe ndi izi:

(1) Parallel wires at the input and output terminals should be avoided as far as possible. Ndi bwino kuwonjezera pa waya pakati pa waya kuti mupewe kulumikizana ndi mayankho.

(2) Kutalika kocheperako kwa waya wosindikizidwa kumatsimikizika makamaka ndi mphamvu yolumikizira pakati pa waya ndi gawo lotetezera komanso mtengo wapano ukuyenda.

Pamene makulidwe a zojambulazo mkuwa ndi 0.05mm ndipo m’lifupi ndi 1 ~ 15mm. Pakadali pano kudzera pa 2A, kutentha sikungakhale kopitilira 3 ℃, motero waya wa 1.5mm ukhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Ma circuits ophatikizidwa, makamaka ma circuits a digito, 0.02 ~ 0.3mm waya waya nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa. Zachidziwikire, gwiritsani ntchito mzere wonse momwe mungathere. Makamaka zingwe zamagetsi ndi zingwe zapansi.

Kutalikirana pang’ono kwa mawaya makamaka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutchinjiriza kukaniza ndi kuwonongeka kwamagetsi pakati pamawaya pakavuta kwambiri. Kwa ma circuits ophatikizidwa, makamaka ma circuits a digito, bola ngati ndondomekoyi ikuloleza, kutalikirana kumatha kukhala kocheperako mpaka 5 ~ 8mm.

(3) Makina osindikizidwa a waya nthawi zambiri amatenga Arc yozungulira, ndipo Angle yolondola kapena Angle yoyendera pafupipafupi imakhudza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, yesetsani kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito madera akuluakulu amkuwa, apo ayi. When heated for a long time, copper foil expands and falls off easily. Pogwiritsa ntchito magawo akulu amkuwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito gridi. Izi ndizothandiza kuchotsa zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi gawo lapansi pakati pa kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi mpweya wosakhazikika.

3. Chingwe chowotcherera

Pakatikati pabedi pakhale poti pakhale pangТono pokha pokha pozungulira mkombero wa chipangizocho. Pedi lalikulu kwambiri ndi losavuta kupanga mawonekedwe owotcherera. Pad panja m’mimba mwake D nthawi zambiri amakhala ocheperako (D +1.2) mm, pomwe D ndiye chimatsegulira. Pazitsulo zamagetsi zazitali kwambiri, padi yocheperako ndiyofunika (D +1.0) mm.

PCB ndi magawo odana ndi zosokoneza

Mapangidwe odana ndi zosokoneza a board board osindikizidwa amagwirizana kwambiri ndi dera lawolo. Apa pali njira zochepa zodziwika bwino zotsimikizira kusokoneza kwa PCB zomwe zafotokozedwa.

1. Chingwe champhamvu zamagetsi

Malinga ndi kukula kwa bolodi lapa dera lomwe likusindikizidwa, momwe zingathere kukulitsa kutambalala kwa mzere wamagetsi, kuchepetsa kulimbikira kwa chingwecho. Nthawi yomweyo. Pangani chingwe chamagetsi. Malangizo a waya wapansi amagwirizana ndi momwe kutumizira kwa data kumathandizira, komwe kumathandizira kukweza phokoso.

2. Loti kapangidwe

Mfundo yopangira waya wapansi ndi:

(1) Dothi la digito limasiyanitsidwa ndi nthaka ya analog. Ngati pali ma circuits olondola komanso olondola pa board board, asungeni mosiyana momwe mungathere. Nthaka yoyenda pafupipafupi iyenera kutsatira mfundo imodzi yofananira momwe ingathere. Pomwe zolumikizira zenizeni zimakhala zovuta, gawo lina la dera limatha kulumikizidwa mndandanda kenako ndikufanana. Ma frequency pafupipafupi amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma point-point angapo, kukhazikika kuyenera kukhala kofupikira komanso kubwereka, zinthu zazitali kwambiri mozungulira momwe zingathere ndi gawo lalikulu la zojambulazo.

(2) Chingwe cholowera pansi chiyenera kukhala chokulirapo momwe zingathere. Ngati mzere wokhazikika ndi wautali kwambiri, maziko omwe angasinthe amasintha pakadali pano, kuti ntchito yotsutsana ndi phokoso ichepe. Chingwe cholowera pansi chimayenera kukhala cholimba kotero kuti chitha kupitilira katatu nthawi yololeza yomwe adalemba. Ngati kuli kotheka, chingwe chokhazikika chimayenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa 2 mm mpaka 3mm.

(3) Chingwe cha pansi chimakhala chotseka. Most of the printed board composed only of digital circuit can improve the anti-noise ability of the grounding circuit.

3. Decoupling capacitor kasinthidwe

Chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika pakupanga kwa PCB ndikukhazikitsa ma decapling capacitors mgulu lililonse la bolodi. Mfundo yayikulu yosinthira decoupling capacitor ndi:

(1) Mapeto amagetsi amalumikizidwa ndi electrolytic capacitor ya 10 ~ 100uF. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndibwino kulumikiza 100uF kapena pamwambapa.

(2), chipangizo chilichonse cha IC chiyenera kukhala ndi 0.01pF ceramic capacitor. Ngati malo osindikizidwa sakukwanira, 1 ~ 10pF capacitor ikhoza kupangidwira tchipisi chilichonse 4 ~ 8.

(3) Mphamvu yotsutsana ndi phokoso ndiyofooka. Kwa zida zomwe zimasintha mphamvu zazikulu panthawi yotseka, monga RAM.

(4) Chotsogolera cha capacitor sichingakhale chotalika kwambiri, makamaka kotsogola kwapamwamba kwambiri sikungatsogolere. Kuphatikiza apo, mfundo ziwiri zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikiridwa:

(1 Pali cholumikizira m’makalata osindikizidwa. Kulandirana. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kumapangika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mabataniwo ndi zinthu zina, ndipo dera la RC lomwe limawonetsedwa pachithunzichi liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyamwa kutulutsa kwamakono. Nthawi zambiri, R ndi 1 ~ 2K, ndipo C ndi 2.2 ~ 47UF.

Kutsekemera kwa 2CMOS ndikokwera kwambiri komanso kovuta, kotero mathero osagwiritsidwa ntchito ayenera kukhazikitsidwa kapena kulumikizidwa ndi magetsi.