Izinhlobo zamaphinikhodi ajwayelekile PCB design

Kumklamo we-PCB odinga ukuxhumana nezinto zangaphandle, udinga ukucabangela izikhonkwane namasokhethi. Idizayini ye-PCB ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ihlanganisa izikhonkwane ezihlukahlukene.

Ngemva kokuphequlula ikhathalogi eminingi yabakhiqizi, uzothola ukuthi izinhlobo zamaphini ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Inalithi yomugqa owodwa/okabili

2. Iphinikhodi efakwe i-Turret

3. Izikhonkwane ze-PCB zokuhlanganisa

4. Izikhonkwane zokugcina ezisongayo

5. Iphinikhodi yokugcina inkomishi yokunamathisela

6. Izikhonkwane zokugcina ezifakiwe

7. Iphinikhodi yetheminali

Eziningi zalezi zikhonkwane zihlanganiswe nezisekelo zazo futhi zenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene. Izinto ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza lezi zikhonkwane yi-beryllium yethusi, i-beryllium nickel, ama-alloys ethusi, i-phosphor bronze, ne-copper tellurium. Izikhonkwane zinamathiselwe ngezinto ezihlukene zokwelapha ezingaphezulu, njengethusi, umthofu, ithini, isiliva, igolide ne-nickel.

Ezinye izikhonkwane ziyadayiswa noma ziboshelwe ezintanjeni, kodwa izikhonkwane (njengamapulaki, okokufaka amasoda, ama-press fit, namasampula e-turret) afakwe ku-PCB.

Ungalukhetha kanjani uhlobo lwephinikhodi olufanele lomklamo we-PCB?

Ukukhetha izikhonkwane ze-PCB kudinga ukucatshangelwa okumbalwa kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Ukugadwa kwemininingwane yomshini noma kagesi kungaholela ezinkingeni zokusebenza ku-prototype noma ama-PCB okukhiqiza.

Lapho ukhetha izikhonkwane ze-PCB, udinga ukucabangela izici ezilandelayo.

I-1. Thayipha

Ngokusobala, udinga ukunquma uhlobo lwephinikhodi ye-PCB olufanele umklamo wakho. Uma ufuna izikhonkwane zokugcina zokuxhunywa kwebhodi ukuya ebhodini, izihloko ziyisinqumo esifanele. Izihloko zamaphini zivame ukufakwa ngezimbobo, kodwa kukhona nezinguqulo ezibekwe phezulu, ezifanele kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ubuchwepheshe be-solderless bunikeze izinketho eziningi ze-PCB izikhonkwane. Izikhonkwane ze-press fit fit zilungele ukuqeda ukushisela. Zenzelwe ukulingana nezimbobo ze-PCB ezigxiliwe futhi zinikeze ukuqhubeka okuphephile komshini nokukagesi. Izihloko zephini zomugqa owodwa zisetshenziselwa ibhodi ukuya ebhodini kanye nocingo ukuya ebhodini.

2. Iphimbo

Amanye amaphini we-PCB ahlinzeka ngosayizi abahlukahlukene bephimbo. Isibonelo, izihloko zephini lemigqa emibili ngokuvamile ziyi-2.54mm, 2mm kanye no-1.27mm. Ngokungeziwe kusayizi wephimbo, usayizi kanye nesilinganiso samanje sephini ngalinye nakho kuhlukile.

I-3. Indaba

Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukucwenga izikhonkwane zingase zibangele umehluko ezindlekweni nasekuphatheni kahle. Izikhonkwane ezifakwe ngegolide zivame ukubiza kakhulu kunezikhonkwane ezifakwe ngothayela, kodwa zisebenza kakhulu.

Idizayini ye-PCB enezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhonkwane

Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umhlangano we-PCB, akhona amaqhinga angakusindisa ekukhathazekeni lapho usebenzisa izikhonkwane zetheminali nemiklamo yesixhumi. Omunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu ukusetha ubukhulu bomgodi wokugcwalisa ngendlela efanele. Sicela ubhekisele njalo kusayizi ofanele onconywe umenzi. Ukugcwalisa izimbobo ezincane kakhulu noma ezinkulu kakhulu kungabangela izinkinga zokuhlanganisa.

Izici zikagesi zezikhonkwane zetheminali nazo zibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona umsinga omkhulu ogeleza kuwo. Udinga ukunikeza inombolo eyanele yezikhonkwane ukuze uqinisekise ukuphuma okudingekayo kwamanje ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga zokushisa.

Ukucaciswa kwemishini nokubekwa kubalulekile kumaphini kanhlokweni we-PCB wephakheji.

Ukusebenzisa izikhonkwane zamapulaki ekuxhumekeni kwebhodi kuya ebhodini kungaba nzima. Ngokungeziwe ekuqondaneni okufanele, kufanele futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izingxenye zephrofayili ephezulu njengamakhava e-electrolytic avimba igebe phakathi kwama-PCB amabili. Okufanayo kuyiqiniso ngezikhonkwane zephakheji ezidlulela ngaphesheya konqenqema lwe-PCB.

Uma usebenzisa izikhonkwane zembobo noma ngaphezulu, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impumuzo eshisayo isetshenziswa kupholigoni exhunywe kuleyo phini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushisa okusetshenziswe ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa ngeke kuhlakazeke ngokushesha futhi kamuva kuthinte amalunga e-solder.