Trükkplaat (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS are usually made of fiberglass, composite epoxy resin, or other composite materials.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

Most PCBS for simple electronic devices are simple and consist of only a single layer. Keerulisem riistvara, näiteks arvutigraafikakaardid või emaplaadid, võib olla mitmekihiline, mõnikord koguni 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. Lisaks olmeelektroonikas ja arvutites kasutamisele kasutatakse erinevat tüüpi PCBS -sid ka paljudes muudes valdkondades, sealhulgas:

• Medical equipment. Elektroonika on nüüd tihedam ja tarbib vähem energiat kui varasemad tooted, seega saab uusi ja põnevaid meditsiinitehnoloogiaid katsetada. Most medical devices use high-density PCBS for creating the smallest and most dense designs. See aitab leevendada mõningaid unikaalseid piiranguid, mis kaasnevad meditsiinivaldkonnas kasutatavate seadmete väljatöötamisega, kuna on vaja väiksust ja kergust. PCBS on tunginud kõigesse alates väikestest seadmetest (nagu südamestimulaatorid) kuni suurte (nt röntgeniseadmed või CAT-skannerid).

• Industrial machinery. PCBS-sid kasutatakse tavaliselt suure võimsusega tööstusmasinates. Thick copper PCBS can be used where current one-ounce copper PCBS do not meet requirements. Paksem vasest PCBS on kasulik juhtudel, sealhulgas mootorikontrollerid, suure vooluga akulaadijad ja tööstuslikud koormustestrid.

• lighting. Because LED-based lighting solutions are popular because of their low power consumption and high efficiency, so are the aluminum backplane PCBS used to make them. Need PCBS -id on radiaatorid ja võimaldavad kõrgemat soojusülekannet kui tavalised PCBS -id. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Automotive and aerospace industries. The automotive and aerospace industries use flexible PCBS designed to withstand the high vibration environments common in both fields. Sõltuvalt spetsifikatsioonist ja disainist võivad need olla ka väga kerged, mis on vajalik transporditööstuse osade tootmiseks. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

PCB-plaate on mitut tüüpi, millest igaühel on oma unikaalsed tootmisspetsifikatsioonid, materjalitüübid ja kasutusvõimalused: ühekihiline trükkplaat, kahekihiline trükkplaat, mitmekihiline trükkplaat, jäik trükkplaat, paindlik trükkplaat, jäik painduv trükkplaat, kõrgsageduslik PCB, alumiiniumist tagakülg PCB.

A single layer PCB

Single – or single-sided PCB is a PCB or substrate made from a single substrate. One side of the substrate is coated with a thin metal layer. Copper is the most common coating because of its good electrical conductivity. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

Single-layer/single-side PCBS are easy to design and manufacture because they weld the various circuits and components on only one side. This ubiquity means they can be purchased at low cost, especially for high-volume orders. Odavad ja suure võimsusega mudelid tähendavad, et neid kasutatakse tavaliselt mitmesugustes rakendustes, sealhulgas kalkulaatorites, kaamerates, raadiodes ja stereoseadmetes, tahkis-draivides, printerites ja toiteallikates.

Double-layer printed circuit board

The substrate material for a double – or double-sided printed circuit board has a thin layer of conductive metal, such as copper, applied to both sides of the board. Plaadi kaudu puuritud augud võimaldavad plaadi ühel küljel olevaid vooluahelaid ühendada teisel pool olevate vooluahelatega.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

Components of a circuit and a double-layer PCB board are usually connected in one of two ways: using a through-hole or using a surface mount. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

Pinnakinnitusega PCBS ei saa juhtmetena pistikutena kasutada. Instead, many of the small leads are welded directly to the board, meaning that the board itself is used as a wiring surface for the different components. See võimaldab vooluringi lõpule viia väiksema ruumiga, vabastades ruumi, et plaat saaks täita rohkem funktsioone, sageli kiiremini ja kaaludes vähem, kui läbi aukude plaat lubaks.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

Mitmekihiline PCB

Multi-layer PCB consists of a series of three or more layers of double-layer PCBS. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. The largest multilayer PCB ever built is 50 layers thick.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

Jäik PCB

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Rigid PCB composition is perhaps the largest number of PCBS manufactured. These PCBS can be used anywhere the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and remain so for the rest of the life of the device. Jäik PCBS võib olla lihtne ühekihiline PCBS või 8- või 10-kihiline PCBS.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

All rigid PCBS have single, double, or multilayer structures, so they share the same application.

Paindlik PCB

Erinevalt jäigast PCBS-ist, mis kasutab mittenakkuvaid materjale, näiteks klaaskiudu, on paindlikud PCBS-id valmistatud materjalidest, mida saab painutada ja liigutada, näiteks plastist. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Because they need to be printed on flexible materials, they tend to be more expensive to manufacture.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

Siiski pakuvad paindlikud PCBS -id jäikade PCBS -ide ees palju eeliseid. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. This means they can be folded around the edges and wound around the corners. Their flexibility saves on cost and weight by using a single flexible PCB to cover areas that might need multiple rigid PCBS.

Painduvat PCBS -i saab kasutada ka piirkondades, mida võib mõjutada mitu jäika PCBS -i. Environmental hazards. To this end, they are manufactured only from materials that may be waterproof, shockproof, corrosion-resistant or high-temperature oil-an option that traditional rigid PCBS may not have.

Paindlik jäik PCB

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. The flexible rigid board is composed of multiple flexible PCB layers attached to multiple rigid PCB layers.

Flexible rigid PCBS have many advantages over using rigid or flexible PCBS only in certain applications. Näiteks jäik-painduvatel plaatidel on vähem osi kui traditsioonilistel jäikadel või paindlikel plaatidel, kuna mõlema juhtmestiku ühendamise võimalused saab ühendada üheks plaadiks. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

Painduvat jäika PCBS -i leidub kõige sagedamini rakendustes, kus ruum või kaal on kõige rohkem mures, sealhulgas mobiiltelefonid, digikaamerad, südamestimulaatorid ja autod.

High-frequency PCB

Hf PCBS viitab üldistele PCB disainielementidele, mitte PCB konstruktsioonile, nagu eelmistel mudelitel. Hf PCBS are circuit boards designed to transmit signals in excess of 1 gigahertz.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

Hf PCB materials typically include FR4 grade glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin and teflon. Teflon is one of the most expensive options because of its small and stable dielectric constant, small dielectric loss and overall low water absorption.

Many aspects of the PCB board and its corresponding type of PCB connector need to be considered when selecting high frequency, including dielectric constant (DK), dissipation, loss, and dielectric thickness.

Kõige olulisem neist on kõnealuse materjali Dk. Materjalid, millel on suur tõenäosus dielektrilise konstantse muutuse tekitamiseks, tekitavad sageli impedantsimuutusi, mis häirivad digitaalsignaali moodustavaid harmoonilisi ja põhjustavad üldise digitaalse signaali terviklikkuse kadumise – tegur, mille hf PCBS on kavandatud vältima.

Other considerations when choosing the type of circuit board and PC connector to use when designing hf PCBS include:

• Dielectric loss (DF), which affects the quality of signal transmission. Small dielectric loss may result in a small amount of signal waste.

• Thermal expansion. If the materials used to build the PCB, such as copper foil, have different thermal expansion rates, the materials may separate from each other due to temperature changes.

• Water absorption. High water intake can affect the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of a PCB, especially when used in wet environments.

• Other resistors. Materials used to construct HF PCBS shall be rated as required for heat resistance, impact resistance and hazardous chemicals.

Aluminum backing PCB

The design of an aluminum backed PCB is roughly the same as that of a copper backed PCB. Kuid enamiku PCB -plaatide tüüpide puhul tavalise klaaskiu kasutamise asemel kasutatakse alumiiniumist tagaplaadi PCBS -is alumiinium- või vasksubstraate.

PCB tüübi tutvustus

The aluminum backing is lined with insulation and is designed to have low thermal resistance, meaning less heat is transferred from the insulation to the backing. Once insulation is applied, layers of copper circuit from 1 ounce to 10 inches thick are applied.

Aluminum backed PCBS have a number of advantages over fiberglass backed PCBS, including:

• Low cost. Aluminum is one of the most abundant metals on Earth, accounting for 8.23% of the earth’s weight. Mining aluminum is easy and cheap, which helps reduce costs in the manufacturing process. As a result, it is cheaper to make products out of aluminum.

• environmental protection. Alumiinium on mittetoksiline ja seda on lihtne ringlusse võtta. Trükiplaatide valmistamine alumiiniumist on samuti hea energia säästmise viis, kuna seda on lihtne kokku panna.

• heat dissipation. Alumiinium on üks parimaid materjale, mida saab kasutada soojuse hajutamiseks trükkplaadi põhikomponentidest. It does not radiate heat to the rest of the plate, but to the open air. Alumiinium PCBS jahtub kiiremini kui sama suurusega vask PCBS.

• Materjali vastupidavus. Alumiinium on vastupidavam kui sellised materjalid nagu klaaskiud või keraamika ning sobib eriti hästi kukkumiskatseteks. Tugevamate aluspindade kasutamine aitab vähendada kahjustusi tootmise, transportimise ja paigaldamise ajal.

Kõik need eelised muudavad alumiiniumist PCBS -i suurepäraseks valikuks rakenduste jaoks, mis nõuavad suurt väljundvõimsust väga kitsaste tolerantside piires, sealhulgas esituled, autovalgustid, toiteallikad, mootorikontrollerid ja suure vooluahelaga seadmed.

Lisaks oma põhilistele kasutusvaldkondadele saab alumiiniumist tahkete PCBS-de kasutada ka seal, kus on nõutav kõrge mehaaniline stabiilsus või kui trükkplaat talub suurt mehaanilist pinget. They are less susceptible to thermal expansion than fiberglass panels, which means that other materials on the board, such as copper foil and insulation, are less likely to peel off, further extending the life of the product.

Aastate jooksul on PCBS arenenud lihtsatest ühekihilistest PCBS-idest, nagu elektroonikaseadmete kalkulaatorid, keerukamateks süsteemideks, nagu kõrgsageduslikud teflonkujundused. PCBS on leidnud tee peaaegu igasse maailma tööstusesse, alates lihtsast elektroonikast, nagu valgustuslahendused, kuni keerukamate tööstusharudeni, nagu meditsiini- või kosmosetehnoloogia.

PCBS -i arendamine on viinud ka PCB -ehitusmaterjalide väljatöötamiseni: mitte ainult klaaskiust tagatud vaskfooliumist valmistatud PCBS -i. Uute ehitusmaterjalide hulka kuuluvad alumiinium, teflon ja isegi painduvad plastid. Painduvad plastid ja eriti alumiinium on hõlbustanud selliste toodete loomist nagu jäik painduv ja alumiiniumist tahkis PCBS, et lahendada paljude tööstusharudega seotud ühiseid probleeme.