Kitapo boribory vita pirinty (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS are usually made of fiberglass, composite epoxy resin, or other composite materials.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

Most PCBS for simple electronic devices are simple and consist of only a single layer. Fitaovana sarotra kokoa toa ny karatra sary na rindran-tsary momba ny solosaina dia mety manana sosona maromaro, indraindray mahatratra 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. Ankoatry ny fampiasana azy amin’ny elektronika sy ny solosaina mpanjifa, ny karazana PCBS isan-karazany dia ampiasaina amin’ny faritra hafa, anisan’izany ny:

• Medical equipment. Ny elektronika izao dia matevina kokoa ary mandany herinaratra kely kokoa noho ny vokatra teo aloha, noho izany dia azo zahana ny teknolojia fitsaboana vaovao sy manaitaitra. Most medical devices use high-density PCBS for creating the smallest and most dense designs. Izany dia manampy amin’ny fanalefahana ny fetra tsy manam-paharoa tafiditra amin’ny fampivelarana fitaovana hampiasaina amin’ny sehatry ny fitsaboana noho ny filàna habe kely sy lanjany maivana. PCBS have made inroads into everything from small devices (like pacemakers) to large ones (like X-ray equipment or CAT scanners).

• Industrial machinery. PCBS dia matetika ampiasaina amin’ny milina indostrialy matanjaka. Thick copper PCBS can be used where current one-ounce copper PCBS do not meet requirements. Ny PCBS varahina matevina dia mahasoa amin’ny tranga ao anatin’izany ny mpanamory moto, mpandefa bateria avo lenta ary mpandinika enta-mavesatra indostrialy.

• lighting. Because LED-based lighting solutions are popular because of their low power consumption and high efficiency, so are the aluminum backplane PCBS used to make them. Ireo PCBS ireo dia miasa ho toy ny radiatera ary mamela ny haavon’ny hafanana avo kokoa noho ny PCBS mahazatra. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Indostria mandeha amin’ny fiara sy aerospace. The automotive and aerospace industries use flexible PCBS designed to withstand the high vibration environments common in both fields. Depending on specification and design, they can also be very lightweight, which is necessary for manufacturing parts in the transportation industry. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Misy karazany maro ny takelaka PCB, samy manana ny famaritana manokana azy manokana, ny karazana fitaovana ary ny fampiasana azy: PCB sosona tokana, PCB sosona roa sosona, PCB maro sosona, PCB henjana, PCB malefaka, PCB marefo, PCB avo lenta, alika aluminium PCB.

PCB sosona tokana

Single – or single-sided PCB is a PCB or substrate made from a single substrate. One side of the substrate is coated with a thin metal layer. Copper is the most common coating because of its good electrical conductivity. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

Single-layer/single-side PCBS are easy to design and manufacture because they weld the various circuits and components on only one side. This ubiquity means they can be purchased at low cost, especially for high-volume orders. Ny maodely lafo vidy sy avo lenta dia midika fa ampiasaina amin’ny fampiharana isan-karazany izy ireo, anisan’izany ny calculatera, fakan-tsary, radio sy fitaovana stereo, kapila matevina, mpanonta ary famatsian-jiro.

Double-layer printed circuit board

The substrate material for a double – or double-sided printed circuit board has a thin layer of conductive metal, such as copper, applied to both sides of the board. Ny lavaka nolavahana tamin’ny alàlan’ny solaitrabe dia mamela ny boriborintany amin’ny lafiny iray amin’ny solaitrabe hifandray amin’ireo faritra manodidina.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

Components of a circuit and a double-layer PCB board are usually connected in one of two ways: using a through-hole or using a surface mount. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

Surface mount PCBS cannot use wires as connectors. Instead, many of the small leads are welded directly to the board, meaning that the board itself is used as a wiring surface for the different components. Io dia mamela ny fizaran-tany ho feno toerana kely kokoa, manafoana toerana ahafahan’ny tabilao miasa bebe kokoa, matetika haingana kokoa ary milanja kely noho izay avelan’ny tabilao lavaka.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

Multilayer PCB

Multi-layer PCB consists of a series of three or more layers of double-layer PCBS. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. The largest multilayer PCB ever built is 50 layers thick.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

PCB henjana

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Rigid PCB composition is perhaps the largest number of PCBS manufactured. These PCBS can be used anywhere the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and remain so for the rest of the life of the device. PCBS henjana dia mety ho PCBS sosona tokana tsotra, na PCBS 8 sosona na 10 sosona.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

Ny PCBS henjana rehetra dia manana rafitra tokana, avo roa heny, na multilayer, noho izany dia mizara fampiharana mitovy.

PCB malefaka

Tsy toy ny PCBS henjana, izay mampiasa fitaovana tsy miraikitra toy ny fibre vera, ny PCBS malefaka dia vita amin’ny akora azo aolaka sy afindra, toy ny plastika. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Because they need to be printed on flexible materials, they tend to be more expensive to manufacture.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

Na izany aza, PCBS malefaka dia manome tombony betsaka kokoa noho ny PCBS henjana. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. This means they can be folded around the edges and wound around the corners. Their flexibility saves on cost and weight by using a single flexible PCB to cover areas that might need multiple rigid PCBS.

PCBS malefaka ihany koa dia azo ampiasaina amin’ny faritra mety ho voan’ny PCBS henjana maro. Environmental hazards. To this end, they are manufactured only from materials that may be waterproof, shockproof, corrosion-resistant or high-temperature oil-an option that traditional rigid PCBS may not have.

PCB henjana miovaova

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. The flexible rigid board is composed of multiple flexible PCB layers attached to multiple rigid PCB layers.

Flexible rigid PCBS have many advantages over using rigid or flexible PCBS only in certain applications. Ohatra, ny takelaka hentitra miovaova dia manana faritra kely kokoa noho ny takelaka henjana na malefaka satria ny safidin’ny tariby ho an’ny roa dia azo atambatra ho takelaka tokana. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

Ny PCBS henjana azo ovaina dia matetika no hita ao anaty rindranasa izay iahiahy indrindra ny habaka na ny lanjany, ao anatin’izany ny telefaona finday, fakan-tsary niomerika, mpamaky pacemaker ary fiara.

High-frequency PCB

Hf PCBS dia manondro ireo singa famolavolana PCB ankapobeny fa tsy fanamboarana PCB toy ny tamin’ny maodely teo aloha. Hf PCBS are circuit boards designed to transmit signals in excess of 1 gigahertz.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

Hf PCB materials typically include FR4 grade glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin and teflon. Teflon is one of the most expensive options because of its small and stable dielectric constant, small dielectric loss and overall low water absorption.

Many aspects of the PCB board and its corresponding type of PCB connector need to be considered when selecting high frequency, including dielectric constant (DK), dissipation, loss, and dielectric thickness.

Ny zava-dehibe indrindra amin’ireny dia ny Dk an’ny fitaovana resahina. Ireo fitaovana manana fahafaha-manao betsaka amin’ny fiovan’ny diélectrique matetika dia miteraka fanovana tsy fahatomombanana izay manelingelina ny harmonika mandrafitra ny famantarana nomerika ary mitarika fahaverezan’ny fahamendrehan’ny signal digital – singa iray hf PCBS namboarina hisorohana.

Other considerations when choosing the type of circuit board and PC connector to use when designing hf PCBS include:

• Dielectric loss (DF), which affects the quality of signal transmission. Small dielectric loss may result in a small amount of signal waste.

• Thermal expansion. If the materials used to build the PCB, such as copper foil, have different thermal expansion rates, the materials may separate from each other due to temperature changes.

• Water absorption. High water intake can affect the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of a PCB, especially when used in wet environments.

• Other resistors. Materials used to construct HF PCBS shall be rated as required for heat resistance, impact resistance and hazardous chemicals.

Aluminum backing PCB

The design of an aluminum backed PCB is roughly the same as that of a copper backed PCB. Saingy, raha tokony hampiasa fiberglass, izay fahita amin’ny ankamaroan’ny karazana tabilao PCB, ny PCBS amin’ny planina alimo dia mampiasa alim-pito alimina na varahina.

Fampidirana karazana PCB

The aluminum backing is lined with insulation and is designed to have low thermal resistance, meaning less heat is transferred from the insulation to the backing. Once insulation is applied, layers of copper circuit from 1 ounce to 10 inches thick are applied.

Aluminum backed PCBS have a number of advantages over fiberglass backed PCBS, including:

• Low cost. Aluminum is one of the most abundant metals on Earth, accounting for 8.23% of the earth’s weight. Mining aluminum is easy and cheap, which helps reduce costs in the manufacturing process. As a result, it is cheaper to make products out of aluminum.

• fiarovana ny tontolo iainana. Ny aliminioma dia tsy misy poizina ary mora amboarina. Ny fanaovana takelaka fanaovana pirinty vita pirinty avy amin’ny aliminioma dia fomba tsara ihany koa hitsitsiana angovo satria mora ny mivory.

• heat dissipation. Ny aliminioma dia iray amin’ireo fitaovana tsara indrindra izay azo ampiasaina hanaparitahana ny hafanana avy amin’ireo singa manan-danja amin’ny tabilao mihodina. It does not radiate heat to the rest of the plate, but to the open air. Aluminium PCBS mangatsiaka haingana kokoa noho ny PCBS varahina mitovy habe aminy.

• Faharetana ara-materialy. Ny aliminioma dia mateza kokoa noho ny fitaovana toy ny fiberglass na seramika ary tsara indrindra ho an’ireo fitsapana mitete. Ny fampiasana substrat mahery dia manampy amin’ny fampihenana ny fahasimbana mandritra ny famokarana, ny fitaterana ary ny fametrahana.

Ireo tombony rehetra ireo dia mahatonga ny aluminium PCBS ho safidy tsara indrindra ho an’ireo fampiharana mitaky herinaratra avo lenta ao anatin’ny fandeferana mafy, ao anatin’izany ny jiro fifamoivoizana, jiro automatique, famatsiana herinaratra, mpanamory moto ary boribory avo lenta ankehitriny.

Ho fanampin’ireo faritra iasan’izy ireo, ny PCBS tohanan’ny aliminioma dia azo ampiasaina ihany koa raha ilaina ny fitoniana avo lenta amin’ny mekanika na amin’ny toerana mety ahaizan’ny PCB fihenjanana mekanika avo lenta. They are less susceptible to thermal expansion than fiberglass panels, which means that other materials on the board, such as copper foil and insulation, are less likely to peel off, further extending the life of the product.

Nandritra ny taona maro, PCBS dia nivoatra avy amin’ny PCBS sosona tokana tsotra toy ny calculatera ho an’ny fitaovana elektronika mankany amin’ny rafitra sarotra kokoa toy ny volavola Teflon matetika. Ny PCBS dia nahita ny làlam-piainany saika ny indostria rehetra teto ambonin’ny tany, nanomboka tamin’ny fitaovana elektronika tsotra toy ny vahaolana jiro hatrany amin’ny indostria sarotra kokoa toa ny teknolojia fitsaboana na aerospace.

Ny fivoaran’ny PCBS koa dia nanjary fampiroboroboana fitaovana fananganana PCB: tsy PCBS vita amin’ny varahina varahina fotsiny no tohanan’ny fiberglass. Ny akora fananganana vaovao dia misy ny aliminioma, teflon ary ny plastika azo avela aza. Ny plastika azo alefa sy ny aliminioma manokana dia nanamora ny famoronana vokatra toy ny PCBS azo tohina mafy sy miorim-paka mba hamahana ireo olana iraisana mifandraika amin’ny indostria maro.