Mbadamba circuit (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. A na -ejikarị PCBS nke fiberglass, resin epoxy composite, ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ mejupụtara.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

Imirikiti PCBS maka ngwaọrụ elektrọnik dị mfe ma nwee naanị otu oyi akwa. Ngwa ngwaike dị mgbagwoju anya dịka kaadị eserese kọmputa ma ọ bụ bọọdụ nne nwere ike inwe ọtụtụ ọkwa, mgbe ụfọdụ na -eru ihe ruru 12.

Ọ bụ ezie na PCBS na -ejikọkarị na kọmpụta, enwere ike ịhụ ha n’ọtụtụ ngwa eletrọnịkị ndị ọzọ, dị ka telivishọn, redio, igwefoto dijitalụ na ekwentị. Na mgbakwunye na ejiri ya na ngwa eletrọnịkị na kọmputa, a na -eji ụdị PCBS dị iche iche n’ọtụtụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ, gụnyere:

• Ngwa ahụike. Eletrọniki adịla arọ ugbu a ma na -eri ike dị ala karịa ngwaahịa ndị gara aga, yabụ enwere ike ịnwale teknụzụ ọgwụ ọhụrụ na -atọ ụtọ. Imirikiti ngwaọrụ ahụike na-eji PCBS njupụta dị elu maka imepụta atụmatụ pere mpe na nke kacha sie ike. Nke a na -enyere aka ibelata ụfọdụ oke mmachi pụrụ iche nke gụnyere ngwaọrụ nrụpụta maka ojiji na ngalaba ahụike n’ihi mkpa maka obere nha na ịdị arọ. PCBS abanyela n’ime ihe ọ bụla site na obere ngwaọrụ (dị ka ndị na-eme mkpọtụ) ruo ndị buru ibu (dịka akụrụngwa X-ray ma ọ bụ nyocha CAT).

• ígwè ọrụ mmepụta ihe. A na-ejikarị PCBS na igwe nrụpụta ike dị elu. Enwere ike iji PCBS ọla kọpa buru ibu ebe PCBS ọla kọpa dị otu ounce ugbu a anaghị emezu ihe achọrọ. PCBS ọla kọpa buru ibu bara uru n’ọnọdụ gụnyere ndị njikwa moto, chaja batrị dị elu na ndị nnwale nnwale ụlọ ọrụ.

• ọkụ. N’ihi na azịza ọkụ ọkụ sitere na LED bụ ihe ewu ewu n’ihi obere ike oriri yana arụmọrụ dị elu, otu a ka PCBS backplane aluminom si eme ha. PCBS ndị a na -arụ ọrụ dị ka radiators ma nye ohere maka mbufe ọkụ dị elu karịa PCBS ọkọlọtọ. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na nke ikuku. Industrylọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na nke ikuku na -eji PCBS na -agbanwe agbanwe emebere iji guzogide oke mkpọtụ dị na mpaghara abụọ a. Dabere na nkọwapụta na imewe, ha nwekwara ike ịdị fechaa, nke dị mkpa maka imepụta akụkụ n’ime ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ njem. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị bọọdụ PCB, nke ọ bụla nwere nkọwapụta nrụpụta pụrụ iche nke ya, ụdị ihe na ojiji: PCB otu oyi akwa, PCB okpukpu abụọ, PCB nwere ọtụtụ, PCB siri ike, PCB na-agbanwe agbanwe, PCB na-agbanwe agbanwe, PCB ugboro ugboro, aluminom azụ PCB.

Otu PCB oyi akwa

PCB otu-ma ọ bụ otu akụkụ bụ PCB ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ sitere na otu mkpụrụ. A na -eji obere ihe mkpuchi kpuchie otu akụkụ nke mkpụrụ ahụ. Ọla kọpa bụ mkpuchi a na -ahụkarị maka ezigbo ọkụ eletrik ya. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

PCBS otu-akụkụ/otu akụkụ dị mfe imepụta na nrụpụta n’ihi na ha na-agbagharị sekit na ihe dị iche iche n’otu akụkụ. Ebe a pụtara na enwere ike zụta ha na ọnụ ala, ọkachasị maka iwu dị elu. Ọnụ ego dị ọnụ ala, nke nwere ikike dị elu pụtara na a na-ejikarị ha n’ọtụtụ ngwa, gụnyere ihe mgbako, igwefoto, redio na akụrụngwa stereo, draịva steeti siri ike, ndị na-ebi akwụkwọ na ike.

Double-layer printed circuit board

Ihe mejupụtara mkpụrụ osisi maka bọọdụ sekit nwere akụkụ abụọ-ma ọ bụ nwere akụkụ nwere eriri dị larịị, dị ka ọla kọpa, etinyere n’akụkụ abụọ nke bọọdụ ahụ. Oghere ndị a kụrụ site na bọọdụ na -enye ohere ka sekit dị n’otu akụkụ nke bọọdụ ahụ jikọọ na sekit n’akụkụ nke ọzọ.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

Akụkụ nke sekit na bọọdụ PCB nwere okpukpu abụọ na-ejikọkarị n’otu n’ime ụzọ abụọ: iji oghere ma ọ bụ iji ihe dị n’elu. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

PCBS nke dị n’elu enweghị ike iji wires dị ka njikọ. Kama nke ahụ, a na -etinye ọtụtụ n’ime obere ụzọ ozugbo na bọọdụ ahụ, nke pụtara na a na -eji bọọdụ n’onwe ya dị ka eriri wiring maka ihe dị iche iche. Nke a na-enye ohere iji sekit mechie sekit ahụ, na-atọhapụ ohere iji mee ka bọọdụ ahụ rụọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, na-adịkarị ngwa ngwa ma na-eru ihe na-erughị bọọdụ ga-enye ohere.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

PCB ọtụtụ

PCB nke nwere otutu nwere usoro atọ ma ọ bụ karịa nke PCBS nwere okpukpu abụọ. A na -ejikọkwa efere ndị a na gluu pụrụ iche wee kechie n’etiti iberibe mkpuchi iji hụ na oke ọkụ anaghị agbaze ihe ọ bụla. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. PCB multilayer kachasị ukwuu arụtụrụla bụ akwa 50.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

PCB siri ike

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Ngwakọta PCB siri ike nwere ike bụrụ ọnụ ọgụgụ PCBS kacha arụpụta. Enwere ike iji PCBS ndị a ebe ọ bụla PCB n’onwe ya ga -aharịrị ka ọ dị ka ọ ga -adị ndụ niile nke ngwaọrụ ahụ. PCBS siri ike nwere ike ịbụ PCBS nwere otu otu, ma ọ bụ 8-akwa ma ọ bụ PCBS nwere akwa 10.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

PCBS niile siri ike nwere otu, okpukpu abụọ, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ, yabụ ha na -ekerịta otu ngwa.

Mgbanwe PCB

N’adịghị ka PCBS siri ike, nke na-eji ihe ndị na-anaghị arapara dị ka eriri iko, PCBS na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ nke enwere ike ihulata ma megharịa, dị ka rọba. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. N’ihi na ọ dị ha mkpa ka ebipụta ha na ihe ndị na -agbanwe agbanwe, ha na -adịkarị ọnụ karịa maka nrụpụta.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

N’agbanyeghị nke ahụ, PCBS na -agbanwe agbanwe na -enye ọtụtụ uru karịa PCBS siri ike. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. Nke a pụtara na enwere ike apịaji ha n’akụkụ ma merụọ ahụ n’akụkụ nkuku. Mgbanwe ha na -echekwa ọnụ ahịa na ibu site na iji otu PCB na -agbanwe agbanwe iji kpuchie mpaghara nwere ike ịchọ ọtụtụ PCBS siri ike.

Enwekwara ike iji PCBS na -agbanwe agbanwe na mpaghara nwere ike imetụta ọtụtụ PCBS siri ike. Ihe egwu gburugburu. Maka nke a, a na-emepụta ha naanị site na ihe ndị nwere ike bụrụ mmiri na-anaghị egbochi, ihe na-egbochi ujo, ihe na-eguzogide ma ọ bụ mmanụ nwere oke okpomọkụ-nhọrọ nke PCBS siri ike nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe.

PCB na -agbanwe agbanwe

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. Ogwe siri ike na -agbanwe agbanwe nwere ọtụtụ PCB na -agbanwe agbanwe nke ejikọtara na akwa PCB siri ike.

PCBS na -agbanwe agbanwe nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa iji PCBS siri ike ma ọ bụ na -agbanwe agbanwe naanị na ngwa ụfọdụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, efere siri ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ pere mpe karịa akwa siri ike ma ọ bụ efere na-agbanwe agbanwe n’ihi na enwere ike ijikọ nhọrọ wiring maka ha abụọ n’otu efere. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

A na -ahụkarị PCBS na -agbanwe agbanwe na -agbanwe agbanwe na ngwa ebe ohere ma ọ bụ ibu dị oke mkpa, gụnyere ekwentị mkpanaaka, igwefoto dijitalụ, ndị na -eme mkpọtụ na ụgbọ ala.

PCB dị elu

Hf PCBS na -ezo aka na ihe nrụpụta PCB n’ozuzu karịa ịrụ PCB dị ka n’ụdị ndị gara aga. Hf PCBS bụ bọọdụ sekit e mere iji nyefee akara gafere 1 gigahertz.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

Ihe Hf PCB na -agụnyekarị eriri FR4 ọkwa iko eriri epo laminate, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin na teflon. Teflon bụ otu n’ime nhọrọ dị oke ọnụ n’ihi ntakịrị obere ihe na -adịgide adịgide, obere ọnwụ dielectric na mmịkọ mmiri dị ala.

Ekwesịrị ịtụle ọtụtụ akụkụ nke bọọdụ PCB na ụdị njikọ PCB ya na ya mgbe ị na -ahọrọ ugboro ugboro dị elu, gụnyere ngbanye ọkụ (DK), mgbasa, mfu, na ọkpụrụkpụ dielectric.

Nke kacha mkpa n’ime ha bụ Dk nke ihe a na -ekwu. Akụrụngwa nwere nnukwu ohere nke mgbanwe mgbanwe elektrik mgbe mgbe na -ebute mgbanwe impedance nke na -akpaghasị harmonics nke mejupụtara akara dijitalụ ma na -ebute mwepu nke iguzosi ike n’ihe dijitalụ – ihe kpatara hBS PCBS mere iji gbochie.

Ntụle ndị ọzọ mgbe ị na -ahọrọ ụdị bọọdụ sekit na njikọ PC iji mee ihe mgbe ị na -emepụta hf PCBS gụnyere:

• Mfu Dielectric (DF), nke na -emetụta ogo nnyefe mgbaama. Obere ọnwụ dielectric nwere ike ibute ntakịrị ihe mkpofu mgbaama.

• Thermal expansion. Ọ bụrụ na ihe ejiri rụọ PCB, dị ka foil ọla kọpa, nwere ọnụego mgbasawanye ọkụ dị iche iche, ihe ndị ahụ nwere ike ikewapụ onwe ha n’ihi mgbanwe okpomọkụ.

• Mmịpụta mmiri. Nnukwu mmiri nwere ike imetụta ọnụnọ nke ọkụ eletrik nke PCB, ọkachasị mgbe ejiri ya na gburugburu mmiri.

• resistors ndị ọzọ. A ga -amata ihe ejiri rụọ HF PCBS dị ka achọrọ maka nguzogide ọkụ, nguzogide mmetụta na kemịkal dị ize ndụ.

PCB na -akwado aluminium

Nhazi nke PCB nke aluminom kwadoro bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka nke PCB ọla kọpa kwadoro. Agbanyeghị, kama iji fiberglass, nke a na -ahụkarị n’ọtụtụ ụdị PCB, PCBS backplane PCBS na -eji aluminom ma ọ bụ ihe ọla kọpa.

Ntinye ụdị PCB

A na -ejikọ mkpuchi aluminom yana mkpuchi ya ma kee ya ka ọ nwee ike iguzogide ọkụ dị ala, nke pụtara na a na -ebunye obere ọkụ site na mkpuchi ahụ gaa na nkwado. Ozugbo etinyere mkpuchi, etinyere okirikiri okirikiri ọla kọpa site na 1 ounce ruo 10 sentimita asatọ.

PCBS nke Aluminom kwadoro nwere ọtụtụ uru karịa PCBS, nke gụnyere fiberglass.

• Ọnụ ala. Aluminom bụ otu n’ime ọla ndị kachasị ukwuu n’ụwa, na -aza 8.23% nke ịdị arọ ụwa. Ngwuputa aluminom dị mfe ma dịkwa ọnụ ala, nke na -enyere aka belata ọnụ ahịa na usoro nrụpụta. N’ihi ya, ọ dị ọnụ ala karịa iji ngwaahịa aluminom mepụta ngwaahịa.

• nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi. Aluminom anaghị egbu egbu ma dịkwa mfe imegharị. Ime bọọdụ sekit e biri ebi site na aluminom bụkwa ụzọ dị mma iji chekwaa ike n’ihi na ọ dị mfe ịgbakọta.

• nkwụsị ọkụ. Aluminom bụ otu n’ime ihe kachasị mma enwere ike iji kpochapụ okpomọkụ site na isi ihe nke bọọdụ sekit. Ọ naghị ebupute ọkụ na efere ndị ọzọ, mana ọ na -aga n’ihu. Aluminium PCBS na -ajụ ngwa ngwa karịa PCBS ọla kọpa nke hà.

• Ogologo ihe. Aluminom na -adigide karịa ihe dịka fiberglass ma ọ bụ seramiiki ma dịkwa mma maka nnwale nnwale. Iji mkpụrụ osisi siri ike na -enyere aka belata mbibi n’oge nrụpụta, njem na nrụnye.

Uru ndị a niile na -eme ka PCBS aluminom bụrụ nhọrọ dị oke mma maka ngwa chọrọ ike nrụpụta dị elu n’ime ntachi obi siri ike, gụnyere ọkụ ọkụ okporo ụzọ, ọkụ ụgbọ ala, ọkọnọ ike, ndị na -ahụ maka moto na sekit dị ugbu a.

Na mgbakwunye na ebe ha na-eji eme ihe, enwere ike iji PCBS na-akwado aluminom ebe achọrọ nkwụsi ike dị elu ma ọ bụ ebe PCB nwere ike iguzogide nrụgide nrụgide dị elu. Ha anaghị enwe ike ịgbasa okpomoku karịa ogwe fiberglass, nke pụtara na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na bọọdụ, dị ka foil ọla na mkpuchi, anaghị adịcha mfe ịpụ apụ, na -agbatịkwu ndụ nke ngwaahịa a.

N’ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, PCBS esiwo na PCBS dị mfe nwere otu dị ka ihe mgbako maka ngwa elektrọnik gaa na usoro dị mgbagwoju anya dịka atụmatụ Teflon dị elu. PCBS achọpụtala ụzọ ha n’ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ niile dị n’ụwa, site na ngwa elektrọnik dị mfe dịka ihe ngwọta ọkụ ruo na ụlọ ọrụ dị mgbagwoju anya dịka teknụzụ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ ikuku.

Mmepe nke PCBS ebutekwara mmepe nke ihe owuwu ụlọ PCB: ọ bụghịzi naanị PCBS nke ejiri foil na -akwado. Ihe owuwu ụlọ ọhụrụ gụnyere aluminom, teflon na ọbụna plastik bendable. Plastik bendable na aluminom ọkachasị enyerela aka ịmepụta ngwaahịa dị ka PCBS siri ike na-agbanwe agbanwe yana iji dozie nsogbu ndị metụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ.