Hatisitsoeng oa potoloho boto (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS hangata e entsoe ka fiberglass, composite epoxy resin, kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tse entsoeng ka likarolo.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Boholo ba li-PCBS bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse bonolo tsa elektroniki li bonolo ebile li na le mokato o le mong feela. Lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng haholo joalo ka likarete tsa likhomphutha tsa likhomphutha kapa liboto tsa bo-mme li ka ba le likarolo tse ngata, ka linako tse ling li ka ba 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. Ntle le ho sebelisoa ho li-elektronike tsa bareki le likhomphutha, mefuta e fapaneng ea PCBS e sebelisoa libakeng tse ling tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa:

• Lisebelisoa tsa bongaka. Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki li se li le motenya haholo ‘me li sebelisa matla a tlase ho feta lihlahisoa tse fetileng, ka hona theknoloji e ncha le e khahlisang ea bongaka e ka lekoa. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa bongaka li sebelisa li-PCBS tse phahameng haholo bakeng sa ho etsa meralo e menyenyane le e metenya ka ho fetesisa. Sena se thusa ho fokotsa tse ling tsa meeli e ikhethileng e amehang ho nts’etsapele lisebelisoa tse tla sebelisoa lefapheng la bongaka ka lebaka la tlhoko ea boholo bo nyane le boima bo bobebe. PCBS e kenelletse nthong e ngoe le e ngoe ho tloha ho lisebelisoa tse nyane (joalo ka li-pacemaker) ho isa ho tse kholo (joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa X-ray kapa li-scanner tsa CAT).

• Mechini ea indasteri. PCBS li sebelisoa khafetsa mochineng o matla oa liindasteri. PCBS e teteaneng ea koporo e ka sebelisoa moo li-PCBS tsa koporo e le ‘ngoe ea hajoale li sa fihlelleng litlhokahalo. Li-PCBS tsa koporo tse teteaneng li na le thuso maemong a kenyeletsang balaoli ba makoloi, lijaja tsa betri tse phahameng haholo le li-test load tsa liindasteri.

• mabone. Hobane litharollo tsa mabone a thehiloeng ho LED li atile ka lebaka la ts’ebeliso ea bona e tlase ea motlakase le ts’ebetso e phahameng, ho joalo le ka li-PCP tsa aluminium tse tsamaeang ka morao ho li etsa. Li-PCBS tsena li sebetsa joalo ka li-radiator mme li lumella maemo a phahameng a phetiso ea mocheso ho feta li-PCBS tse tloaelehileng. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Liindasteri tsa likoloi le lifofane. Liindasteri tsa likoloi le tsa lifofane li sebelisa li-PCBS tse feto-fetohang tse etselitsoeng ho mamella maemo a phahameng a ho thothomela a tloaelehileng masimong ka bobeli. Ho ipapisitse le tlhaiso-leseling le moralo, li ka ba bobebe haholo, tse hlokahalang bakeng sa likarolo tsa indasteri ea lipalangwang. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea liboto tsa PCB, e ‘ngoe le e’ ngoe e na le litlhaloso tsa eona tse ikhethang tsa tlhahiso, mefuta ea lintho tse bonahalang le ts’ebeliso: PCB e le ‘ngoe, PCB e habeli, PCB e mengata, PCB e thata, PCB e tenyetsehang, PCB e tenyetsehang e phahameng, PCB e phahameng ea maqhubu, aluminium morao PCB.

PCB e le ‘ngoe

Single – kapa lehlakore le le leng PCB ke PCB kapa substrate e entsoe ka substrate e le ‘ngoe. Lehlakore le leng la substrate le koahetsoe ka mokato o tšesaane oa tšepe. Koporo ke eona e koahelang ka ho fetisisa ka lebaka la ho tsamaisoa ha motlakase hantle. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Li-PCBS tse le ‘ngoe / lehlakore le le leng li bonolo ho rala le ho etsa hobane li kopanya lipotoloho le likarolo tse fapaneng ka lehlakoreng le le leng feela. Ho tsebahala hohle hona ho bolela hore li ka rekoa ka theko e tlase, haholoholo bakeng sa liodara tse phahameng. Meetso ea theko e tlase, e nang le matla a holimo e bolela hore e sebelisoa hangata lits’ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa li-calculator, likhamera, li-radio le lisebelisoa tsa stereo, li-drive tsa mmuso o tiileng, li-printa le phepelo ea motlakase.

Double-layer printed circuit board

Sesebelisoa sa substrate bakeng sa boto ea potoloho e habeli kapa habeli e nang le mahlakore a mabeli e na le lera le lesesaane la tšepe e tsamaisang, joalo ka koporo, e sebelisitsoeng mahlakore ka bobeli a boto. Likoti tse phunyellelitsoeng ka har’a boto li lumella lipotoloho ka lehlakoreng le leng la boto hore li hokahane le lipotoloho ka lehlakoreng le leng.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Likarolo tsa potoloho le boto ea mekato e ‘meli ea PCB hangata li hokahane ka e’ ngoe ea litsela tse peli: ho sebelisa lesoba le phunyeletsang kapa ho sebelisa sebaka se holimo. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

PCBS e kaholimo-limo e ke ke ea sebelisa mehala joalo ka likhokelo. Sebakeng seo, litsamaiso tse ngata tse nyane li kentsoe ka kotloloho ho boto, ho bolelang hore boto ka boeona e sebelisoa e le sebaka sa wiring bakeng sa likarolo tse fapaneng. Sena se lumella potoloho ho phetheloa ka sebaka se fokolang, ho lokolla sebaka ho etsa hore boto e khone ho etsa mesebetsi e mengata, hangata ka lebelo le boima bo ka tlase ho boto ea lesoba e ka lumellang.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

PCB e fapaneng

Multi-layer PCB e na le letoto la likarolo tse tharo kapa ho feta tsa li-PCBS tse habeli. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. PCB e kholo ka ho fetesisa e kileng ea hahuoa ke mekato e 50 e tenya.

PCB mofuta selelekela

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

Tenyetseheng PCB

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Sebopeho se thata sa PCB mohlomong ke palo e kholo ea li-PCBS tse entsoeng. Li-PCBS tsena li ka sebelisoa kae kapa kae ha PCB ka boeona e hloka ho hlophisoa hore e be sebopeho ebe e lula joalo bakeng sa bophelo bohle ba sesebelisoa. PCBS e thata e ka ba li-PCBS tse bonolo tse le ‘ngoe, kapa li-PCBS tse 8 kapa 10-layer PCBS.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Li-PCBS tsohle tse thata li na le meaho e le ‘ngoe, e habeli kapa e mengata, ka hona ba arolelana ts’ebeliso e ts’oanang.

Tenyetsehang PCB

Ho fapana le li-PCBS tse thata, tse sebelisang lisebelisoa tse se nang thupa joalo ka fiber ea khalase, li-PCBS tse feto-fetohang li entsoe ka lisebelisoa tse ka kobehang le ho tsamaisoa joalo ka polasetiki. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Hobane li hloka ho hatisoa ka thepa e tenyetsehang, li tloaetse ho ba theko e boima ho li etsa.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Leha ho le joalo, PCBS e tenyetsehang e fana ka menyetla e mengata ho feta PCBS e thata. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. Hona ho bolela hore li ka menahisoa ka mathoko le maqeba likhutlong. Ho tenyetseha ha bona ho boloka litšenyehelo le boima ka ho sebelisa PCB e le ‘ngoe e tenyetsehang ho koahela libaka tse ka hlokang li-PCBS tse ngata tse thata.

PCBS e tenyetsehang e ka sebelisoa le libakeng tse ka angoang ke li-PCBS tse ngata tse thata. Likotsi tsa tikoloho. Ho fihlela sena, li entsoe feela ka lisebelisoa tse ka kenang metsi, tse sa thibeleng, tse sa sebetseng kapa tse nang le mocheso o phahameng-khetho eo PCBS e thata e ka bang teng.

Tenyetsehang tenyetseheng PCB

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. Boto e tenyetsehang tenyetsehang e entsoe ka le dikarolo tse ngata tenyetsehang PCB khomaretse le dikarolo multiple tenyetseheng PCB.

Li-PCBS tse thata tse tenyetsehang li na le menyetla e mengata ho feta ho sebelisa PCBS e thata kapa e tenyetsehang feela lits’ebetsong tse ling. Mohlala, lipoleiti tse thata-thata li na le likarolo tse fokolang ho feta lipoleiti tsa moetlo tse thata kapa tse tenyetsehang hobane likhetho tsa wiring bakeng sa bobeli li ka kopanngoa ho ba poleiti e le ‘ngoe. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Hangata li-PCBS tse thata tse tenyetsehang li fumaneha lits’ebetsong moo sebaka kapa boima bo nkoang haholo, ho kenyeletsoa mehala ea thekeng, likhamera tsa dijithale, li-pacemaker le likoloi.

High-maqhubu PCB

Hf PCBS e bua ka likarolo tsa moralo oa PCB ka kakaretso ho fapana le kaho ea PCB joalo ka mehlaleng e fetileng. Hf PCBS ke liboto tsa potoloho tse etselitsoeng ho fetisa matšoao ho feta 1 gigahertz.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Lisebelisoa tsa Hf PCB hangata li kenyelletsa lehoakhoa la fiber ea khalase ea FR4 e matlafalitsoeng ea epoxy laminate, lehoakhoa la polyphenylene ether (PPO) le teflon. Teflon ke e ‘ngoe ea likhetho tse turang ka ho fetesisa ka lebaka la ts’ebetso ea eona e nyane e tsitsitseng ea dielectric, tahlehelo e nyane ea dielectric le ho monya metsi ka kakaretso.

Likarolo tse ngata tsa boto ea PCB le mofuta oa eona oa sehokedi sa PCB li hloka ho tsotelloa ha ho khethoa maqhubu a phahameng, ho kenyelletsa le dielectric constant (DK), dissipation, loss, and dielectric thickness.

E bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho tsena ke Dk ea litaba tse botsitsoeng. Lisebelisoa tse nang le monyetla o phahameng oa ho fetoha ha dielectric khafetsa hangata li hlahisa liphetoho tsa impedance tse sitisang li-harmoniki tse etsang lets’oao la dijithale mme li lebisa ho tahlehelo e akaretsang ea bots’epehi ba lets’oao la dijithale – ntho eo hf PCBS e etselitsoeng ho e thibela.

Mehopolo e meng ha u khetha mofuta oa boto ea potoloho le sehokedi sa PC eo u ka e sebelisang ha ho raloa hf PCBS e kenyelletsa:

• Tahlehelo ea dielectric (DF), e amang boleng ba phetisetso ea lets’oao. Tahlehelo e nyane ea dielectric e ka baka litšila tse nyane tsa lets’oao.

• Thermal expansion. Haeba lisebelisoa tse sebelisetsoang ho aha PCB, joalo ka foil ea koporo, li na le likhahla tse fapaneng tsa ho hola ha mocheso, lisebelisoa li ka arohana ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa mocheso.

• Ho monya metsi. Ho noa metsi haholo ho ka ama tahlehelo ea dielectric khafetsa le dielectric ea PCB, haholo ha e sebelisoa libakeng tse metsi.

• Lihanyetsi tse ling. Lisebelisoa tse sebelisetsoang ho aha HF PCBS li tla lekanyetsoa joalo ka ha ho hlokahala bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanela tšusumetso le lik’hemik’hale tse kotsi.

Aluminium tšehelitsoe PCB

Moralo oa PCB e tšehelitsoeng ka aluminium e batla e tšoana le ea PCB e tšehelitsoeng ka koporo. Leha ho le joalo, sebakeng sa ho sebelisa khalase ea fiberglass, e atileng mefuteng e mengata ea board ea PCB, li-PCBS tsa aluminium tse tsamaeang ka morao li sebelisa li-aluminium kapa likaroloana tsa koporo.

PCB mofuta selelekela

Ts’ehetso ea aluminium e koahetsoe ke mokelikeli ‘me e etselitsoe ho ba le mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, ho bolelang hore mocheso o fokolang o fetisoa ho tloha ho insulation ho ea ho tšehetso. Hang ha ho kenngwa ts’ebeliso, ho sebelisoa likarolo tsa potoloho ea koporo ho tloha ho 1 ounce ho isa ho 10 inches thick.

Aluminium e tšehelitsoeng PCBS e na le menyetla e ‘maloa ho feta li-PCBS tse tšehelitsoeng ka khalase ea fiberglass, ho kenyelletsa:

• Theko e tlase. Aluminium ke e ‘ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ngata ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 8.23% ea boima ba lefats’e. Aluminium ea merafong e bonolo ebile e theko e tlase, e thusang ho fokotsa litšenyehelo molemong oa tlhahiso. Ka lebaka leo, ho theko e tlase ho etsa lihlahisoa ka aluminium.

• ho sireletsa tikoloho. Aluminium ha e na chefo ebile e bonolo ho e sebelisa hape. Ho etsa liboto tsa potoloho tse hatisitsoeng ka aluminium hape ke tsela e ntle ea ho boloka matla hobane ho bonolo ho a kopanya.

• ho senya mocheso. Aluminium ke e ‘ngoe ea lisebelisoa tse ntlehali tse ka sebelisoang ho felisa mocheso ho tsoa ho likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa boto ea potoloho. Ha e khantše mocheso poleiting e setseng, empa e khantšetsa moea o bulehileng. Aluminium PCBS e pholile ka potlako ho feta li-PCBS tsa koporo tsa boholo bo lekanang.

• Ho tšoarella ha thepa. Aluminium e tšoarella ho feta lisebelisoa tse kang fiberglass kapa ceramic mme e loketse haholo liteko tsa lerotholi. Ho sebelisa li-substrate tse matla ho thusa ho fokotsa tšenyo nakong ea tlhahiso, lipalami le ho kenya.

Melemo ena kaofela e etsa hore aluminium PCBS e be khetho e ntle bakeng sa lits’ebetso tse hlokang matla a phahameng a tlhahiso ka har’a mamello e thata haholo, ho kenyeletsoa mabone a sephethe-phethe, mabone a likoloi, phepelo ea motlakase, balaoli ba makoloi le lipotoloho tse phahameng tsa hona joale.

Ntle le libaka tsa bona tsa mantlha tsa ts’ebeliso, li-PCBS tse tšehelitsoeng ka aluminium le tsona li ka sebelisoa moo ho hlokahalang botsitso bo phahameng ba mochini kapa moo PCB e ka mamellang khatello e phahameng ea mochini. Ha ba angoa habonolo ke mocheso ho feta likhalase tsa fiberglass, ho bolelang hore lisebelisoa tse ling tse ka sekepeng, joalo ka foil ea koporo le ho koala, ha ho bonolo hore li ka fofa, ho eketsa bophelo ba sehlahisoa.

Ho theosa le lilemo, PCBS e fetohile ho tloha ho li-PCBS tse bonolo tse le ‘ngoe tse joalo ka li-calculator tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki ho ea lits’ebetsong tse rarahaneng haholo joalo ka meralo e phahameng ea Teflon. PCBS li fumane tsela ea tsona ho kena indastering e ngoe le e ngoe lefatšeng, ho tloha ho lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tse bonolo joalo ka tharollo ea mabone ho fihlela liindastering tse rarahaneng joalo ka theknoloji ea bongaka kapa ea Aerospace.

Nts’etsopele ea PCBS e boetse e lebisitse ho nts’etsopele ea thepa ea moaho ea PCB: ha e sa le PCBS feela e entsoeng ka foil ea koporo e tšehelitsoeng ke fiberglass. Lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa kaho li kenyelletsa aluminium, teflon esita le lipolasetiki tse kobehang. Lipolasetiki tse kobehang le aluminium ka ho khetheha li thusitse ho theoa ha lihlahisoa tse kang li-PCBS tse thata-thata le tse tšehelitsoeng ka aluminium ho rarolla mathata a tloaelehileng a amanang le liindasteri tse ngata.