Papan sirkuit anu dicitak (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS are usually made of fiberglass, composite epoxy resin, or other composite materials.

Jenis bubuka PCB

Most PCBS for simple electronic devices are simple and consist of only a single layer. Hardware anu langkung rumit sapertos kartu grafik komputer atanapi motherboard tiasa gaduh sababaraha lapisan, kadang-kadang dugi ka 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. Salian digunakeun dina éléktronika konsumén sareng komputer, tipena béda PCBS dianggo dina sababaraha daérah sanés, kalebet:

• Medical equipment. Éléktronika ayeuna langkung padet sareng meakeun tanaga langkung alit tibatan produk sateuacanna, janten téknologi médis anu énggal sareng pikaresepeun tiasa diuji. Most medical devices use high-density PCBS for creating the smallest and most dense designs. Ieu ngabantuan ngagentoskeun sababaraha watesan unik anu kalebet dina ngembangkeun alat pikeun dianggo dina médis kusabab kabutuhan ukuran alit sareng beurat enteng. PCBS parantos ngajantenkeun sagala rupa ti alat alit (sapertos alat pacu jantung) dugi ka anu ageung (sapertos alat sinar-X atanapi scanner CAT).

• Industrial machinery. PCBS ilahar dianggo dina mesin industri kakuatan tinggi. Thick copper PCBS can be used where current one-ounce copper PCBS do not meet requirements. PCBS tambaga langkung kandel aya manpaatna dina kasus kalebet pengendali motor, carjer batré ayeuna-ayeuna sareng panguji beban industri.

• lighting. Because LED-based lighting solutions are popular because of their low power consumption and high efficiency, so are the aluminum backplane PCBS used to make them. PCBS ieu mangrupikeun radiator sareng ngamungkinkeun tingkat mindahkeun panas langkung luhur tibatan PCBS standar. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Automotive and aerospace industries. The automotive and aerospace industries use flexible PCBS designed to withstand the high vibration environments common in both fields. Gumantung kana spésifikasi sareng desain, éta ogé tiasa janten enteng, anu diperyogikeun pikeun bagian manufaktur dina industri transportasi. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Aya seueur jinis papan PCB, masing-masing gaduh spésifikasi manufaktur unik, jinis bahan sareng kagunaan: PCB lapisan tunggal, PCB lapisan ganda, PCB multi lapisan, PCB kaku, PCB fleksibel, PCB fléksibel kaku, PCB frékuénsi luhur, tonggong aluminium. PCB.

Hiji lapisan PCB

PCB Tunggal – atanapi sisi hiji nyaéta PCB atanapi substrat anu didamel tina substrat tunggal. One side of the substrate is coated with a thin metal layer. Copper is the most common coating because of its good electrical conductivity. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

Jenis bubuka PCB

Single-layer/single-side PCBS are easy to design and manufacture because they weld the various circuits and components on only one side. This ubiquity means they can be purchased at low cost, especially for high-volume orders. Modél berkapasitas rendah, kapasitas tinggi hartosna éta ilahar dianggo dina sababaraha aplikasi, kalebet kalkulator, kaméra, radio sareng alat stéréo, drive solid-state, printer sareng catu daya.

Double-layer printed circuit board

The substrate material for a double – or double-sided printed circuit board has a thin layer of conductive metal, such as copper, applied to both sides of the board. Liang dibor ngaliwatan papan ngamungkinkeun sirkuit dina hiji sisi papan nyambung ka sirkuit di sisi sanésna.

Jenis bubuka PCB

Components of a circuit and a double-layer PCB board are usually connected in one of two ways: using a through-hole or using a surface mount. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

PCBS dipasang permukaan moal tiasa nganggo kabel salaku panyambungna. Instead, many of the small leads are welded directly to the board, meaning that the board itself is used as a wiring surface for the different components. Hal ieu ngamungkinkeun sirkuit réngsé sareng kirang ruang, ngosongkeun rohangan supados dewan tiasa ngalaksanakeun langkung seueur fungsi, sering langkung gancang sareng beuratna kirang tibatan papan anu diidinan.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

PCB Multilayer

Multi-layer PCB consists of a series of three or more layers of double-layer PCBS. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. The largest multilayer PCB ever built is 50 layers thick.

Jenis bubuka PCB

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

PCB kaku

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Rigid PCB composition is perhaps the largest number of PCBS manufactured. These PCBS can be used anywhere the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and remain so for the rest of the life of the device. PCBS kaku tiasa saderhana-lapisan PCBS, atanapi 8-lapisan atanapi 10-lapisan PCBS.

Jenis bubuka PCB

All rigid PCBS have single, double, or multilayer structures, so they share the same application.

PCB fléksibel

Beda sareng PCBS kaku, anu nganggo bahan non-iteuk sapertos serat gelas, PCBS fleksibel didamel tina bahan anu tiasa ditekuk sareng dipindahkeun, sapertos plastik. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Because they need to be printed on flexible materials, they tend to be more expensive to manufacture.

Jenis bubuka PCB

Masih, PCBS fléksibel nawiskeun seueur kaunggulan tibatan PCBS kaku. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. Ieu ngandung harti aranjeunna tiasa narilep di sakuriling sareng tatu di juru. Their flexibility saves on cost and weight by using a single flexible PCB to cover areas that might need multiple rigid PCBS.

PCBS fléksibel ogé tiasa dianggo di daérah anu tiasa kapangaruhan ku sababaraha PCBS kaku. Environmental hazards. Pikeun tujuan ieu, aranjeunna didamelna ngan ukur tina bahan anu tiasa tahan cai, shockproof, tahan korosi atanapi suhu luhur minyak-an pilihan anu PCBS kaku tradisional panginten henteu ngagaduhan.

PCB kaku fléksibel

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. The flexible rigid board is composed of multiple flexible PCB layers attached to multiple rigid PCB layers.

PCBS kaku fléksibel gaduh seueur kaunggulan tibatan nganggo PCBS kaku atanapi fleksibel ngan ukur dina aplikasi anu tangtu. Salaku conto, pelat kaku-fléksibel ngagaduhan jumlah bagian anu langkung alit tibatan pelat kaku atanapi fléksibel tradisional kusabab pilihan kabel pikeun duanana tiasa digabungkeun kana hiji piring. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

Jenis bubuka PCB

PCBS kaku fléksibel paling sering dipendakan dina aplikasi dimana rohangan atanapi beurat anu paling diperhatoskeun, kalebet telepon sélulér, kaméra digital, pacemaker sareng mobil.

High-frequency PCB

Hf PCBS tingal elemen desain PCB umum sanés konstruksi PCB sapertos dina modél samemehna. Hf PCBS are circuit boards designed to transmit signals in excess of 1 gigahertz.

Jenis bubuka PCB

Hf PCB materials typically include FR4 grade glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin and teflon. Teflon is one of the most expensive options because of its small and stable dielectric constant, small dielectric loss and overall low water absorption.

Many aspects of the PCB board and its corresponding type of PCB connector need to be considered when selecting high frequency, including dielectric constant (DK), dissipation, loss, and dielectric thickness.

Anu paling penting tina ieu nyaéta Dk tina bahan anu dimaksud. Bahan anu gaduh kamungkinan luhur parobihan konstan diéléktrik sering ngahasilkeun parobihan impedansi anu ngaganggu harmoni anu ngawangun sinyal digital sareng ngakibatkeun leungitna integritas sinyal digital sacara umum – faktor anu PCBS hf dirancang pikeun nyegah.

Other considerations when choosing the type of circuit board and PC connector to use when designing hf PCBS include:

• Dielectric loss (DF), which affects the quality of signal transmission. Small dielectric loss may result in a small amount of signal waste.

• Thermal expansion. Upami bahan anu dianggo pikeun ngawangun PCB, sapertos tambaga foil, gaduh tingkat ékspansi termal anu béda, bahanna tiasa silih pisah kusabab parobahan suhu.

• Water absorption. High water intake can affect the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of a PCB, especially when used in wet environments.

• Other resistors. Materials used to construct HF PCBS shall be rated as required for heat resistance, impact resistance and hazardous chemicals.

Aluminum backing PCB

The design of an aluminum backed PCB is roughly the same as that of a copper backed PCB. Nanging, tibatan nganggo fiberglass, anu biasa di kaseueuran jinis papan PCB, aluminium backplane PCBS nganggo aluminium atanapi tambaga substrat.

Jenis bubuka PCB

The aluminum backing is lined with insulation and is designed to have low thermal resistance, meaning less heat is transferred from the insulation to the backing. Once insulation is applied, layers of copper circuit from 1 ounce to 10 inches thick are applied.

Aluminum backed PCBS have a number of advantages over fiberglass backed PCBS, including:

• Low cost. Aluminium mangrupikeun salah sahiji logam anu paling loba di Bumi, nyatakeun 8.23% beurat bumi. Tambang aluminium gampang sareng murah, anu ngabantosan ngirangan biaya dina prosés manufaktur. Hasilna, langkung mirah pikeun ngahasilkeun produk tina aluminium.

• panyalindungan lingkungan. Aluminium henteu toksik sareng gampang didaur ulang. Ngadamel papan sirkuit cetak tina aluminium ogé mangrupakeun cara anu saé pikeun ngahémat énergi sabab gampang dirakit.

• heat dissipation. Aluminium mangrupikeun salah sahiji bahan pangsaéna anu tiasa dianggo pikeun nyéépkeun panas tina komponén konci papan sirkuit. It does not radiate heat to the rest of the plate, but to the open air. Aluminium PCBS tiis langkung gancang tibatan PCBS tambaga kalayan ukuran anu sami.

• daya tahan bahan. Aluminium langkung awét tibatan bahan sapertos fiberglass atanapi keramik sareng utamina saé pikeun tés serelek. Ngagunakeun substrat anu langkung kuat ngabantosan ngirangan karusakan nalika manufaktur, ngangkut sareng masang.

Sadaya kaunggulan ieu ngajantenkeun PCBS aluminium hiji pilihan anu saé pikeun aplikasi anu meryogikeun daya kaluaran tinggi dina kasabaran anu ketat, kalebet lampu lalu lintas, lampu otomotif, catu daya, pengendali motor sareng sirkuit arus luhur.

Salaku tambahan pikeun daérah panggunaan utami, PCBS anu didukung ku aluminium ogé tiasa dianggo dimana tingkat stabilitas mékanis anu luhur diperyogikeun atanapi dimana PCB tiasa tahan setrés tinggi mékanis. They are less susceptible to thermal expansion than fiberglass panels, which means that other materials on the board, such as copper foil and insulation, are less likely to peel off, further extending the life of the product.

Mangtaun-taun, PCBS parantos mekar tina PCBS lapisan-saderhana sapertos kalkulator kanggo alat éléktronik dugi ka sistem anu langkung rumit sapertos desain Teflon frékuénsi luhur. PCBS parantos mendakan jalan ampir kana unggal industri di bumi, tina éléktronika saderhana sapertos solusi lampu dugi ka industri anu langkung rumit sapertos téknologi médis atanapi aerospace.

Ngembangkeun PCBS ogé nyababkeun ngembangkeun bahan wangunan PCB: henteu ngan ukur PCBS anu didamel tina tambaga foil didukung ku fiberglass. Bahan wangunan énggal kalebet aluminium, teflon sareng plastik bahkan anu tiasa dibengkokkeun. Plastik anu tiasa dibengkokkeun sareng aluminium khususna parantos ngagampangkeun nyiptakeun produk sapertos PCBS anu kaku-fleksibel sareng didukung aluminium pikeun méréskeun masalah umum anu aya hubunganana sareng seueur industri.