Kusindikizidwa bolodi dera (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi fiberglass, composite epoxy resin, kapena zinthu zina zophatikiza.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Ma PCBS ambiri azida zamagetsi zosavuta ndizosavuta ndipo amakhala ndi gawo limodzi lokha. Zida zovuta kwambiri monga makhadi ojambula pamakompyuta kapena ma board a mama amatha kukhala ndi zigawo zingapo, nthawi zina mpaka 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagetsi ndi makompyuta, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PCBS imagwiritsidwa ntchito m’malo ena, kuphatikiza:

• Zida zamankhwala. Zamagetsi tsopano ndizochulukirapo ndipo zimawononga mphamvu zochepa kuposa zinthu zam’mbuyomu, matekinoloje azachipatala atsopano komanso osangalatsa atha kuyesedwa. Most medical devices use high-density PCBS for creating the smallest and most dense designs. Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi zoperewera zina zomwe zimakhalapo pakupanga zida zogwiritsira ntchito kuchipatala chifukwa chakufunika kocheperako komanso kulemera pang’ono. PCBS have made inroads into everything from small devices (like pacemakers) to large ones (like X-ray equipment or CAT scanners).

• Makina opanga mafakitale. PCBS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Makulidwe amkuwa a PCBS amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe pano PCBS imodzi yamkuwa sakwaniritsa zofunikira. Makulidwe amkuwa a PCBS ndi othandiza nthawi zina kuphatikiza oyang’anira magalimoto, ma charger omwe ali ndi ma batri apamwamba kwambiri komanso oyesa katundu wamafakitale.

• kuyatsa. Chifukwa njira zowunikira zowunikira za LED ndizodziwika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito, momwemonso ma PCBS a aluminiyamu obwerera kumbuyo amawapangira. Ma PCBS awa ndi ma radiator ndipo amalola kutentha kwakukulu kuposa ma PCBS wamba. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Makampani opanga magalimoto ndi malo ogulitsira. Makampani opanga magalimoto ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndege amagwiritsa ntchito ma PCBS osinthasintha omwe adapangidwa kuti athane ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe amapezeka m’magawo onsewa. Kutengera mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake, amathanso kukhala opepuka kwambiri, omwe ndiofunikira pakupanga magawo azinthu zonyamula. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Pali mitundu yambiri yama board a PCB, iliyonse imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera, mitundu yazinthu ndi kagwiritsidwe: umodzi wosanjikiza PCB, wosanjikiza wa PCB, wosanjikiza PCB, PCB wosakhwima, PCB wosinthasintha, PCB wosasinthasintha, PCB pafupipafupi, zotayidwa kumbuyo PCB.

PCB imodzi yosanjikiza

PCB imodzi kapena yamodzi yokha ndi PCB kapena gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi gawo limodzi. Mbali imodzi ya gawoli ili ndi chitsulo chochepa kwambiri. Mkuwa ndiye chovala chofala kwambiri chifukwa chamagetsi ake abwino. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Ma PCBS osanjikiza / osakwatira ndiosavuta kupanga ndikupanga chifukwa amatulutsa ma circuits osiyanasiyana ndi zida mbali imodzi yokha. Kufalikira uku kumatanthauza kuti atha kugulidwa pamtengo wotsika, makamaka pamaoda apamwamba. Mitundu yotsika mtengo, yokwera kwambiri imatanthauza kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma calculator, makamera, mawailesi ndi zida za stereo, zoyendetsa zolimba, osindikiza ndi magetsi.

Double-layer printed circuit board

Gawo lamagawo awiri osanjikizika awiri kapena awiri okhala ndi board board ali ndi chitsulo chochepa kwambiri chazitsulo, monga mkuwa, chogwiritsidwa ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri za bolodi. Mabowo obowoleza bolodi amalola ma circuits mbali imodzi ya bolodi kulumikizana ndi ma circuits mbali inayo.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Zigawo za dera ndi bolodi lachiwiri la PCB nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa m’njira imodzi mwanjira ziwiri: kugwiritsa ntchito bowo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pamwamba. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

Surface mount PCBS cannot use wires as connectors. M’malo mwake, zitsogozo zazing’ono zambiri zimalumikizidwa molunjika ku bolodi, kutanthauza kuti bolodi palokha limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimalola kuti dera likwaniritsidwe ndi malo ocheperako, kumasula malo kuti gulu lizigwira ntchito zambiri, nthawi zambiri mwachangu komanso zolemera zochepa kuposa bolodi loboola.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

Multilayer PCB

Mipikisano wosanjikiza PCB imakhala ndi mndandanda wa zigawo zitatu kapena zingapo za PCBS zosanjikiza kawiri. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. PCB yama multilayer yayikulu kwambiri yomwe idamangidwa ndi magawo 50 wakuda.

PCB mtundu oyamba

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

PCB Yokhazikika

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Mwinanso chitsanzo chofala kwambiri cha PCB yolimba ndi bokosilo la pamakompyuta. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Okhazikika ma PCB mwina ndiye nambala yayikulu kwambiri ya PCBS yopangidwa. These PCBS can be used anywhere the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and remain so for the rest of the life of the device. Okhwima PCBS akhoza kukhala osavuta osanjikiza PCBS, kapena 8-wosanjikiza kapena 10-wosanjikiza PCBS.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Ma PCBS onse okhwima ali ndi nyumba zosakwatiwa, ziwiri, kapena zingapo, motero amagawana zomwezo.

Kusintha PCB

Mosiyana ndi PCBS yolimba, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda ndodo monga magalasi a fiber, ma PCBS osinthika amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kupindika ndikusuntha, monga pulasitiki. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Chifukwa amafunika kusindikizidwa pazinthu zosinthika, amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri popanga.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Komabe, ma PCBS osinthika amapereka maubwino ambiri kuposa ma PCBS okhwima. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kupindidwa m’mphepete ndikumangiriridwa pamakona. Kusinthasintha kwawo kumapulumutsa pamtengo ndi kulemera kwake pogwiritsa ntchito PCB imodzi yosinthika kuti ikwaniritse malo omwe angafunike PCBS zingapo zolimba.

Flexible PCBS itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m’malo omwe angakhudzidwe ndi ma PCBS angapo okhwima. Zowopsa zachilengedwe. Kuti izi zitheke, zimangopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zitha kukhala zopanda madzi, zotsekemera, zosagwira dzimbiri kapena mafuta otentha kwambiri-njira yomwe PCBS yolimba singakhale nayo.

Kusintha okhwima PCB

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. Bokosi lolimba lokhazikika limapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za PCB zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za PCB.

Ma PCB okhwima okhwima ali ndi zabwino zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito PCBS okhwima kapena osinthika pokhapokha muntchito zina. Mwachitsanzo, mbale zolimba zosunthika zimakhala ndi zigawo zochepa kuposa mbale zachikhalidwe kapena zosinthika chifukwa zosankha zazingwe zazonse zimatha kuphatikizidwa kukhala mbale imodzi. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Ma PCBS osakhazikika nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzogwiritsa ntchito pomwe danga kapena kulemera ndizofunika kwambiri, kuphatikiza mafoni, makamera a digito, opanga ma pacemaker ndi magalimoto.

Mkulu-pafupipafupi PCB

Hf PCBS imangotchula za kapangidwe ka PCB wamba osati kapangidwe ka PCB monga mitundu yapita. Hf PCBS ndimabwalo azizungulira omwe adapangidwa kuti azitha kutumiza ma siginala opitilira 1 gigahertz.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Zipangizo za Hf PCB zimaphatikizira FR4 kalasi yamagalasi yolimbitsa epoxy laminate, utomoni wa polyphenylene ether (PPO) ndi teflon. Teflon ndi imodzi mwanjira zotsika mtengo kwambiri chifukwa chakuchepa kwama dielectric kocheperako, kuchepa kwama dielectric ochepa komanso kuyamwa kwamadzi ochepa.

Zambiri zama board a PCB ndi mtundu wake wa cholumikizira cha PCB zimayenera kuganiziridwa posankha mafupipafupi, kuphatikiza ma dielectric pafupipafupi (DK), kutaya, kutaya, komanso makulidwe amagetsi.

Chofunikira kwambiri mwa izi ndi Dk yazinthu zomwe zikufunsidwa. Zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi kusintha kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana kwa ma dielectric nthawi zambiri zimapanga kusintha kwama impedance komwe kumasokoneza ma harmoniki omwe amapanga siginecha ya digito ndikutsogolera kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa siginecha ya digito – chinthu chomwe hf PCBS idapangidwa kuti iteteze.

Zina zomwe mungasankhe posankha mtundu wa board board ndi cholumikizira PC kuti mugwiritse ntchito popanga hf PCBS ndi monga:

• Kutayika kwa ma dielectric (DF), komwe kumakhudza mtundu wamagetsi opatsirana. Kutayika pang’ono kwamagetsi kumatha kubweretsa kuwononga pang’ono kwa ma siginolo.

• Thermal expansion. Ngati zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga PCB, monga zojambulazo zamkuwa, zimakhala ndi matenthedwe osiyanasiyana, zida zimatha kusiyanasiyana chifukwa chosintha kutentha.

• Kutengera madzi. Kudyetsa madzi kwambiri kumatha kukhudzanso kutaya kwa dielectric kosalekeza komanso kutaya kwa dielectric kwa PCB, makamaka ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m’malo onyowa.

• Zotsutsa zina. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga HF PCBS ziziwerengedwa ngati zikufunika pakukaniza kutentha, kukana kwamphamvu ndi mankhwala owopsa.

Zotayidwa amuthandiza PCB

Kapangidwe ka PCB yolumikizidwa ndi aluminium ndiyofanana ndi ya PCB yothandizidwa ndi mkuwa. Komabe, m’malo mogwiritsa ntchito fiberglass, yomwe imakonda kupezeka pamitundu yambiri ya PCB, ma PCBS a aluminiyamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito backplane amagwiritsa ntchito zotayidwa kapena magawo amkuwa.

PCB mtundu oyamba

Chithandizo cha aluminium chimakhala ndi zotchingira ndipo chimapangidwa kuti chikhale ndi kutentha pang’ono, kutanthauza kuti kutentha kocheperako kumachotsedwa pakukhalitsa ndikuthandizira. Kutsekemera kutagwiritsidwa ntchito, zigawo zamkuwa zamkuwa kuchokera pa 1 ounce mpaka mainchesi 10 zakuda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Aluminium PCBS yothandizidwa nayo ili ndi maubwino angapo kuposa ma fiberglass omwe amatetezedwa ndi PCBS, kuphatikiza:

• Mtengo wotsika. Aluminium ndi imodzi mwazitsulo zambiri padziko lapansi, zowerengera 8.23% yolemera padziko lapansi. Migodi ya aluminium ndiyosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa ndalama pakupanga. Zotsatira zake, ndizotsika mtengo kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminium.

• kuteteza zachilengedwe. Aluminiyamu siyopanda poizoni komanso yosavuta kuyikonzanso. Kupanga matabwa osindikizidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu ndi njira yabwino yopulumutsira mphamvu chifukwa ndikosavuta kusonkhana.

• Kutaya kwanyengo. Aluminium ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutaya kutentha kuchokera kuzinthu zazikulu za bolodi. Sichimawotcha mbale yonseyo, koma ndikutulutsa panja. Aluminium PCBS imazizira mwachangu kuposa ma PCBS amkuwa ofanana.

• Kukhalitsa kwazinthu. Aluminium ndi yolimba kwambiri kuposa zida ngati fiberglass kapena ceramic ndipo ndiyabwino makamaka pakuyesa. Kugwiritsa ntchito magawo olimba kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuwonongeka pakupanga, mayendedwe ndi kukhazikitsa.

Zonsezi zimapangitsa aluminium PCBS kukhala chisankho chabwino pazogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira mphamvu yayikulu mkati mwa kulolerana kwambiri, kuphatikiza magetsi oyatsa magalimoto, kuyatsa magalimoto, magetsi, oyendetsa magalimoto ndi ma circuits apamwamba apano.

Kuphatikiza pa malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ma PCBS omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aluminium amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe pamafunika kukhazikika kwamakina kapena komwe PCB imatha kupirira kupsinjika kwamakina. Sangakhudzidwe ndi kutentha kwa matenthedwe kuposa magalasi amagetsi a fiberglass, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zina zomwe zili pa bolodi, monga zojambulazo zamkuwa ndi zotchingira, sizingachotsedwe, zomwe zimakulitsa moyo wa malonda.

Kwa zaka zambiri, PCBS yasintha kuchokera ku PCBS yosavuta imodzi monga ma makina owerengera zamagetsi zamagetsi kuzinthu zovuta kwambiri monga mapangidwe apamwamba a Teflon. PCBS yapeza pafupifupi mafakitale onse padziko lapansi, kuchokera pamagetsi osavuta monga mayankho oyatsa mpaka mafakitale ovuta kwambiri monga ukadaulo wazachipatala kapena malo ogulitsira.

Kukula kwa PCBS kwatithandizanso pakupanga zida zomangira za PCB: osatinso ma PCBS opangidwa ndi zojambulazo zamkuwa zothandizidwa ndi fiberglass. Zipangizo zatsopano zimaphatikizapo zotayidwa, teflon komanso mapulasitiki opindika. Mapulasitiki osungika komanso zotayidwa makamaka zathandizira kuti pakhale zinthu monga PCBS zolimba zosasunthika komanso zotayidwa ndi aluminiyamu kuti athane ndi mavuto omwe amakhudzana ndi mafakitale ambiri.