Ephrintiwe wesifunda ibhodi (I-PCBS) ngamabhodi asetshenziswa njengama-substrates kumadivayisi amaningi kagesi – zombili njengezisekeli zomzimba nezindawo zokuhlanganisa izintambo zemihlangano yokuphakama komhlaba namasokhethi. I-PCBS ivame ukwenziwa nge-fiberglass, i-composite epoxy resin, noma ezinye izinto ezihlanganiswayo.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Ama-PCBS amaningi amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi alula futhi aqukethe isendlalelo esisodwa kuphela. Izingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe njengamakhadi wehluzo wekhompiyutha noma amabhodi womama angaba nezendlalelo eziningi, kwesinye isikhathi ziningi njengezi-12.

Yize i-PCBS ivame ukuhlotshaniswa namakhompyutha, ingatholwa kwamanye amadivayisi amaningi kagesi, njengamathelevishini, imisakazo, amakhamera edijithali namaselula. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa komthengi nakuma-computer, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-PCBS zisetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Imishini yezokwelapha. Izinto zobuchwepheshe seziminyene kakhulu futhi zisebenzisa amandla amancane kunemikhiqizo yangaphambilini, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obusha nobumnandi bungahlolwa. Iningi lamadivayisi wezokwelapha lisebenzisa ama-PCBS aphezulu ukwakha imidwebo emincane kakhulu futhi eminyene kakhulu. Lokhu kusiza ukudambisa eminye yemikhawulo eyingqayizivele ehilelekile ekwakheni amadivayisi okusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwelapha ngenxa yesidingo sosayizi omncane nesisindo esincane. I-PCBS ingenele kuyo yonke into kusuka kumadivayisi amancane (njengama-pacemaker) kuya kwamakhulu (njengemishini ye-X-ray noma ama-CAT scanner).

• Imishini yezimboni. Ama-PCBS asetshenziswa kakhulu kwimishini yezimboni enamandla amakhulu. I-PCBS yethusi ejiyile ingasetshenziswa lapho i-PCBS eyodwa-ounce yethusi yamanje ingahlangabezani nezimfuneko. I-PCBS yethusi ejiyile ilusizo ezimweni ezibandakanya abalawuli bezimoto, amashaja webhethri asezingeni eliphakeme kanye nabahloli bomthwalo bezimboni.

• ukukhanyisa. Ngoba izixazululo zokukhanyisa ezisebenza nge-LED zithandwa ngenxa yokusebenzisa amandla aphansi nokusebenza kahle okukhulu, kunjalo nange-PCBS ye-aluminium backplane esetshenziselwa ukuzenza. Lawa ma-PCBS akhonza njengama-radiator futhi avumela amazinga aphezulu wokudlulisa ukushisa kune-PCBS ejwayelekile. Lawa ma-aluminium we-backboard PCBS akha isisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu ze-lumen LED nezixazululo eziyisisekelo zokukhanyisa.

• Izimboni zezimoto nezasemkhathini. Izimboni zezimoto nezasemkhathini zisebenzisa ama-PCBS aguquguqukayo aklanyelwe ukumelana nezindawo zokudlidliza eziphakeme ezivamile kuzo zombili izinkambu. Ngokuya ngokucaciswa nokuklanywa, zingasinda kakhulu, ezidingekayo ekukhiqizeni izingxenye embonini yezokuthutha. Bangangena naseZikhaleni eziqinile ezingaba khona kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, njengaphakathi kwedeshibhodi noma ngemuva kwezinsimbi ezikudeshibhodi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamabhodi e-PCB, ngayinye enezincazelo zayo ezihlukile zokukhiqiza, izinhlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo nokusetshenziswa: ungqimba olulodwa lwe-PCB, i-PCB engqimba kabili, i-PCB enezingqimba eziningi, i-PCB eqinile, i-PCB eguquguqukayo, i-PCB eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo, imvamisa ephezulu ye-PCB, i-aluminium emuva I-PCB.

Isendlalelo esisodwa se-PCB

I-PCB eyodwa noma eyodwa emaceleni yi-PCB noma i-substrate eyenziwe nge-substrate eyodwa. Olunye uhlangothi lwe-substrate luboshwe ngensimbi yensimbi encane. Ithusi liyimbozo ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ngenxa yokuhamba kwayo kahle ngogesi. Lapho nje kusetshenziswe ukumbozwa okwenziwe ngethusi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa imaski evikelayo yokuvikela, ilandelwe ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke izinto kupuleti lokugcina lokuphrinta isikrini.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Isendlalelo esisodwa / uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-PCBS kulula ukuklama nokukhiqiza ngoba bahlanganisa amasekethe ahlukahlukene nezakhi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Lokhu kutholakala kuyo yonke indawo kusho ukuthi zingathengwa ngezindleko eziphansi, ikakhulukazi kuma-oda aphezulu. Izinhlobo ezinamanani aphansi, ezinamandla aphezulu zisho ukuthi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-calculator, amakhamera, imisakazo nemishini ye-stereo, ama-solid state state, amaphrinta namandla kagesi.

Ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintwe kabili

Okuqukethwe kwe-substrate kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe kabili noma emaceleni emaceleni linengqimba encane yensimbi eqhubayo, enjengethusi, efakwe ezinhlangothini zombili zebhodi. Imigodi ebhobozwe ebhodini ivumela izifunda ohlangothini olulodwa lwebhodi ukuxhuma kumasekethe akolunye uhlangothi.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Izingxenye zesekethe nebhodi le-PCB elinezendlalelo eziphindwe kabili zivame ukuxhunyaniswa ngenye yezindlela ezimbili: ukusebenzisa imbobo noma ukusebenzisa i-surface mount. Ukuxhumeka ngembobo kusho ukuthi izintambo ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi imikhondo zondliwa ngembobo, ekugcineni ngakunye komthofu kufakwe engxenyeni engakwesokudla.

I-Surface mount PCBS ayikwazi ukusebenzisa izintambo njengezixhumi. Esikhundleni salokho, imikhondo eminingi emincane ishiselwe ngqo ebhodini, okusho ukuthi ibhodi uqobo lusetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlanganisa izintambo zezinto ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi isifunda sigcwaliswe ngesikhala esincane, kukhululwe isikhala ukunika amandla ibhodi ukuthi lenze imisebenzi eminingi, imvamisa ishesha futhi inesisindo esingaphansi kwebhodi elinezimbobo ezivumayo.

Ama-PCBS ohlangothini kabili asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga amazinga aphakathi nobunzima besekethe, njengokulawulwa kwezimboni, ukunikezwa kwamandla, izinsimbi, izinhlelo ze-HVAC, ukukhanya kwe-LED, amadeshibhodi ezimoto, ama-amplifiers nemishini yokuthengisa.

I-Multilayer PCB

Multi-ungqimba PCB siqukethe uchungechunge izingqimba ezintathu noma ngaphezulu PCBS ungqimba kabili. Lezi zingcwecwe bese zibanjwa ndawonye ngeglu ekhethekile futhi ziboshwe phakathi kwezingcezu zokuvikela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukushisa okweqile akuncibiliki noma yiziphi izingxenye. Ama-PCBS amaningi anezinhlobonhlobo zamasayizi, amancane njengezendlalelo ezine noma amakhulu njengeyishumi noma eyishumi nambili. I-PCB enkulu kunazo zonke eyake yakhiwa izingqimba ezingama-50 ziwugqinsi.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Kumabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe ama-multilayer, abaklami bangakhiqiza imidwebo eminyene kakhulu, eyinkimbinkimbi efanele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kagesi eyinkimbinkimbi. Izicelo ezizuzisayo ze-PCilay multilayer zifaka phakathi amaseva wefayela, ukugcina idatha, ubuchwepheshe be-GPS, amasistimu esethelayithi, ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sezulu namadivayisi wezokwelapha.

I-PCB eqinile

Amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe ayindilinga angamabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe enziwe ngezinto eziqinile ze-substrate ezivimbela ibhodi ekujikeni. Mhlawumbe isibonelo esivame kakhulu se-PCB eqinile yi-motherboard yekhompyutha. I-motherboard iyi-PCB enezingqimba eziningi eyenzelwe ukusabalalisa amandla kusuka ekunikezelweni kwamandla ngenkathi ivumela zonke izingxenye zekhompyutha ukuthi zixhumane, njenge-CPU, i-GPU ne-RAM.

Ukwakheka kwe-PCB eqinile mhlawumbe inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke ze-PCBS ezenziwe. Lawa ma-PCBS angasetshenziswa noma yikuphi lapho i-PCB uqobo idinga ukusethwa ibe yimo futhi ihlale injalo impilo yonke yedivayisi. Ama-PCBS aqinile angaba yi-PCBS elula eyodwa, noma i-8-layer noma i-PCBS engu-10.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Onke ama-PCBS aqinile anezakhiwo ezingashadile, eziphindwe kabili noma ezinama-multilayer, ngakho zabelana ngohlelo olufanayo.

I-PCB eguquguqukayo

Ngokungafani ne-PCBS eqinile, esebenzisa izinto ezingezona zokunamathela njenge-fiber fiber, i-PCBS eguquguqukayo yenziwa ngezinto ezingagotshwa futhi zihanjiswe, njengeplastiki. Ifana ne-PCBS eqinile, ama-PCBS aguquguqukayo eza ngamafomethi owodwa, aphindwe kabili noma amaningi. Ngoba zidinga ukuphrintwa ezintweni eziguquguqukayo, zivame ukubiza kakhulu ukuzenza.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Noma kunjalo, i-PCBS eguquguqukayo inikela ngezinzuzo eziningi kune-PCBS eqinile. Okugqame kakhulu kulezi zinzuzo ukuguquguquka kwazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingasongwa zizungeze imiphetho futhi zilimale emakhoneni. Ukuguquguquka kwabo kusindisa izindleko nesisindo ngokusebenzisa i-PCB eyodwa eguquguqukayo ukumboza izindawo ezingadinga ama-PCBS amaningi aqinile.

I-Flexible PCBS nayo ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingathinteka yi-PCBS eqinile. Izingozi zemvelo. Kuze kube manje, akhiqizwa kuphela ezintweni ezingavimba amanzi, ezokushaqeka, ezingavumeli ukugqwala noma ezishisa kakhulu uwoyela-inketho okungenzeka ukuthi i-PCBS eqinile ayinayo.

Nezimo PCB eqinile

Uma kukhulunywa ngama-PCBS amabili abaluleke kakhulu jikelele, i-PCBS eqinile eguquguqukayo ihlanganisa okungcono kakhulu kokubili. Ibhodi eguquguqukayo eqinile ihlanganiswe nezendlalelo eziningi ze-PCB ezixhunywe kuzendlalelo eziningi ze-PCB eziqinile.

I-PCBS eqinile eguqukayo inezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kokusebenzisa i-PCBS eqinile noma eguquguqukayo kuphela kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Isibonelo, amapuleti aqinile-aguquguqukayo anenombolo encane yezingxenye kunamapuleti wendabuko aqinile noma aguquguqukayo ngoba izinketho zokuhlanganisa izintambo zombili zingahlanganiswa zibe yipuleti elilodwa. Ukuhlanganisa amabhodi aqinile futhi aguquguqukayo abe yibhodi elilodwa eliqinile eliguquguqukayo futhi kuvumela ukwakheka okuhleleke kakhudlwana okunciphisa usayizi webhodi jikelele nesisindo sephakethe.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

I-PCBS eqinile eguquguqukayo ivame ukutholakala kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isikhala noma isisindo sikhathaza kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izingcingo eziphathwayo, amakhamera edijithali, ama-pacemaker nezimoto.

High-imvamisa PCB

I-Hf PCBS ibhekisa kuzinto ezijwayelekile zedizayini ye-PCB kunokwakhiwa kwe-PCB njengakumamodeli wangaphambilini. I-Hf PCBS ngamabhodi wesifunda enzelwe ukudlulisa amasiginali angaphezu kwe-1 gigahertz.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Izinto ze-Hf PCB ngokuvamile zifaka i-FR4 grade fiber fiber eqiniswe i-epoxy laminate, i-polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin ne-teflon. I-Teflon ingenye yezinketho ezibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuncane futhi okuzinzile kwe-dielectric, ukulahleka kwe-dielectric encane kanye nokumuncwa okuphelele kwamanzi.

Izici eziningi zebhodi le-PCB nohlobo lwayo oluhambisanayo lwesixhumi se-PCB zidinga ukucatshangelwa lapho kukhethwa imvamisa ephezulu, kufaka phakathi i-dielectric njalo (i-DK), ukushabalalisa, ukulahleka, nobukhulu be-dielectric.

Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu i-Dk yento okukhulunywa ngayo. Izinto ezinamathuba aphezulu okushintsha kwe-dielectric njalo zivame ukukhiqiza ushintsho lwe-impedance oluphazamisa ama-harmonics akha isignali yedijithali futhi aholele ekulahlekelweni okuphelele kobuqotho besiginali yedijithali – into i-hf PCBS eyenzelwe ukuyivimba.

Okunye ukucatshangelwa lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwebhodi lesifunda ne-PC isixhumi ongasisebenzisa lapho kuklanywa i-hf PCBS kufaka:

• Ukulahleka kwe-dielectric (DF), okuthinta ikhwalithi yokudluliswa kwesiginali. Ukulahleka okuncane kwe-dielectric kungaholela kwinani elincane lemfucuza yesiginali.

• Ukunwetshwa okushisayo. Uma izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha i-PCB, ezinjenge-foil yethusi, zinamazinga ahlukile wokukhulisa ezishisayo, izinto zingahlukana zodwa ngenxa yezinguquko zokushisa.

• Ukumuncwa kwamanzi. Ukudla okuphezulu kwamanzi kungathinta ukulahleka kwe-dielectric njalo kanye ne-dielectric ye-PCB, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimanzi.

• Ezinye iziphikisi. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha i-HF PCBS zizolinganiswa njengoba kudingeka ekumelaneni nokushisa, ukumelana nomthelela kanye namakhemikhali ayingozi.

I-Aluminium esekelwa yi-PCB

Idizayini ye-PCB esekwe nge-aluminium icishe ifane naleyo ye-PCB esekwe ngethusi. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-fiberglass, ejwayelekile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zebhodi le-PCB, i-aluminium backplane PCBS isebenzisa ama-aluminium noma ama-substrates ethusi.

Uhlobo lwe-PCB isingeniso

Ukusekelwa kwe-aluminium kufakwe ukwahlukanisa futhi kuklanyelwe ukumelana okushisayo okuphansi, okusho ukuthi ukushisa okuncane kudluliswa kusuka ekugxilweni kuya ekusekelweni. Lapho nje kusetshenziswe ukwahlukanisa, kusetshenziswa izingqimba zesifunda sethusi kusuka ku-1 ounce kuye ku-10 inches ubukhulu.

I-Aluminium PCBS esekelwayo inezinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kwe-fiberglass esekelwa yi-PCBS, kufaka phakathi:

• Izindleko eziphansi. I-Aluminium ingenye yezinsimbi eziningi kakhulu eMhlabeni, ebala u-8.23% wesisindo somhlaba. Ukumba i-aluminium kulula futhi kushibhile, okusiza ukunciphisa izindleko enqubeni yokukhiqiza. Ngenxa yalokhu, kushibhile ukwenza imikhiqizo nge-aluminium.

• ukuvikelwa kwemvelo. I-Aluminium ayiyona into enobuthi futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa kabusha. Ukwenza amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe avela ku-aluminium futhi kuyindlela enhle yokonga amandla ngoba kulula ukuhlangana.

• ukushabalalisa ukushisa. I-Aluminium ingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezingasetshenziswa ukuqeda ukushisa okuvela ezingxenyeni ezisemqoka zebhodi lesifunda. Alikhiphi ukushisa liye kulo lonke ipuleti, kodwa lishisa emoyeni ovulekile. I-Aluminium PCBS ipholile ngokushesha kune-PCBS yethusi yobukhulu obufanayo.

• Ukuqina kwempahla. I-Aluminium ihlala isikhathi eside kunezinto ezifana ne-fiberglass noma i-ceramic futhi ilungele ikakhulukazi izivivinyo zokudonsa. Sebenzisa ama-substrates aqinile kusiza ukunciphisa umonakalo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ukuthuthwa nokufakwa.

Zonke lezi zinzuzo zenza i-aluminium PCBS inketho enhle kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla aphezulu okukhipha ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana okuqinile, kufaka phakathi amalambu omgwaqo, ukukhanyisa izimoto, ukunikezwa kwamandla, izilawuli zezimoto namasekethe amanje aphezulu.

Ngaphezu kwezindawo zabo ezisetshenziswayo, i-PCBS ene-aluminium ingasetshenziswa lapho kudingeka khona izinga eliphakeme lokuqina kwemishini noma lapho i-PCB ingamelana khona nezinga eliphakeme lokuxineka kwemishini. Azisengozini yokwanda okushisayo kunamapaneli e-fiberglass, okusho ukuthi ezinye izinto ebhodini, ezinjenge-copper foil kanye ne-insulation, mancane amathuba okuthi zikhumule, ziqhubeke nokwelula impilo yomkhiqizo.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, i-PCBS iguqukele kusuka kuma-PCBS alula owodwa njengama-calculators amadivayisi we-elekthronikhi kuya kumasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi njengokuqanjwa kwama-Teflon anemvamisa ephezulu. Ama-PCBS athole indlela yawo cishe kuyo yonke imboni esemhlabeni, kusuka ku-elekthronikhi elula njengezixazululo zokukhanyisa kuze kufike ezimbonini eziyinkimbinkimbi njengobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha noma i-aerospace.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-PCBS nakho kuholele ekwakhiweni kwezinto zokwakha ze-PCB: akusekho nje ama-PCBS enziwe nge-foil yethusi esekelwa yi-fiberglass. Izinto zokwakha ezintsha zifaka i-aluminium, i-teflon kanye nama-plastiki agobekayo. Amapulasitiki aboshekayo kanye ne-aluminium ikakhulukazi kusize ukwenziwa kwemikhiqizo efana ne-PCBS eqinile eguquguqukayo ne-aluminium ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile ezihambisana nezimboni eziningi.