Gudiga wareegga daabacan (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS waxaa badanaa laga sameeyaa fiberglass, resin epoxy composite, ama qalab kale oo isku jira.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

PCBS -yada badankood ee aaladaha elektiroonigga ah ee fudud waa kuwo fudud waxayna ka kooban yihiin hal lakab oo keliya. Qalab aad u adag sida kaararka garaafyada kombiyuutarka ama boodhadhka hooyada ayaa yeelan kara lakabyo badan, mararka qaarkoodna ilaa 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. Ka sokow in loo isticmaalo elektaroonigga macaamiisha iyo kombiyuutarada, noocyada kala duwan ee PCBS waxaa loo adeegsadaa meelo kala duwan, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• Qalab caafimaad. Elektaroonigga ayaa hadda aad u cufan oo isticmaala awood ka yar alaabtii hore, sidaa darteed farsamooyin caafimaad oo cusub oo xiiso leh ayaa la tijaabin karaa. Most medical devices use high-density PCBS for creating the smallest and most dense designs. Tani waxay gacan ka geysaneysaa yareynta qaar ka mid ah xaddidaadaha gaarka ah ee ku lug leh sameynta aaladaha loo adeegsado goobta caafimaadka sababta oo ah baahida loo qabo cabbir yar iyo miisaan fudud. PCBS waxay ku dhex galeen wax walba laga bilaabo aaladaha yaryar (sida qalabka wadnaha) ilaa kuwa waaweyn (sida qalabka raajada ama iskaanka CAT).

• Mashiinada warshadaha. PCBS waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa mashiinada warshadaha ee awoodda sare leh. PCBS-ka naxaasiga ah ayaa la isticmaali karaa halka PCBS-ka naxaasta ah ee hal-wiqiyadood uusan buuxin shuruudaha. PCBS naxaas oo dhumuc weyn ayaa faa’iido u leh kiisaska ay ka mid yihiin kontaroolada mootada, baytariyada batteriga ee hadda jira iyo tijaabiyeyaasha culeyska warshadaha.

• iftiin. Sababtoo ah xalalka nalalka ku saleysan LED-ku waa caan sababtoo ah awoodooda hooseysa iyo wax-ku-oolnimadooda sare, sidaas oo kale ayaa PCBS-ka aluminium-ka loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo. PCBS -yadu waxay u adeegaan sida hiitarka waxayna u oggolaadaan heerar sare oo kala -wareejin kuleyl ah marka loo eego PCBS -ga caadiga ah. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Warshadaha baabuurta iyo hawada sare. Warshadaha baabuurta iyo aerospace -ku waxay adeegsadaan PCBS dabacsan oo loogu talagalay inay iska caabbiyaan jawiga sare ee gariirka ee labada gooboodba. Iyada oo ku xidhan qeexitaanka iyo naqshadeynta, waxay sidoo kale noqon karaan kuwo aad u khafiif ah, taas oo lagama maarmaan u ah soosaarka qaybaha warshadaha gaadiidka. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo looxyada PCB ah, mid kasta oo leh tilmaamaheeda waxsoosaarka u gaarka ah, noocyada maaddada iyo adeegsiga: PCB-da lakabka ah, PCB-da lakabka ah, PCB-lakabka badan, PCB adag, PCB dabacsan, PCB dabacsan oo adag, PCB soo noqnoqda oo sarreeya, aluminium gadaal PCB.

PCB lakabka ah

PCB-ga hal-dhinac ah ama dhinac kaliya ah waa PCB ama substrate laga sameeyay hal substrate. Dhinac ka mid ah substrate -ka waxaa lagu daboolay lakab bir ah oo khafiif ah. Naxaasku waa dahaarka ugu badan sababtoo ah habsami u socodkiisa korontada. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

PCBS-lakabka/hal-dhinac ah way fududahay in la naqshadeeyo lana soo saaro maxaa yeelay waxay ku wareegaan wareegyada iyo qaybaha kala duwan hal dhinac kaliya. Baaxadani waxay ka dhigan tahay in lagu iibsan karo qiimo jaban, gaar ahaan amarada mugga badan. Qiimaha jaban, moodooyinka awoodda sare leh waxay la macno tahay in si caadi ah loogu isticmaalo codsiyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan kalkulaytarada, kaamirooyinka, raadiyaha iyo qalabka stereo, darawalada adag, daabacayaasha iyo sahayda korontada.

Double-layer printed circuit board

Maaddada substrate-ka ee loox-wareegga wareegga laba-ama laba-dhinac leh ayaa leh lakab khafiif ah oo biraha tabinta ah, sida naxaas, oo lagu dabaqo labada dhinac ee guddiga. Godad laga qoday guddiga ayaa u oggolaanaya wareegyada dhinac ka mid ah guddiga inay ku xirmaan wareegyada dhinaca kale.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

Qaybaha wareegga iyo guddiga PCB-lakabka oo laba-lakab ah ayaa badanaaba ku xiran laba siyaabood midkood: isticmaalka daloolka ama isticmaalka dusha sare. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

Dusha sare ee PCBS ma isticmaali karto fiilooyin ahaan isku xirayaasha. Taa baddalkeeda, qaar badan oo ka mid ah hoggaamiyeyaasha yaryar ayaa si toos ah loogu xardhay sabuuradda, taasoo la micno ah in looxa laftiisa loo isticmaalo dusha sare ee fiilooyinka ee qaybaha kala duwan. Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa wareegga in lagu dhammaystiro meel yar, oo bannaan oo bannaan si ay awood ugu yeeshaan guddigu inuu qabto hawlo badan, badiyaa dhaqso iyo miisaan ka yar guddiga daloolka ayaa oggolaan lahaa.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

PCB badan

PCB-lakabka badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay taxane ah saddex ama in ka badan oo lakab oo PCBS ah oo laba-lakab ah. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. PCB -ga multilayer -ka ugu weyn ee abid la dhisay waa 50 lakab.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

PCB adag

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Halabuurka PCB ee adag ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay tirada ugu badan ee PCBS la soo saaray. These PCBS can be used anywhere the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and remain so for the rest of the life of the device. PCBS-da adag waxay noqon kartaa PCBS-ka hal-lakab oo fudud, ama 8-lakab ama 10-PCBS-lakab.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

Dhammaan PCBS -yada adag waxay leeyihiin qaab -dhismeedyo hal, labalaab ah, ama dhinacyo badan leh, sidaa darteed waxay wadaagaan codsi isku mid ah.

Debecsan PCB

Si ka duwan sida PCBS-ta adag, oo adeegsata walxaha aan dhegta lahayn sida fiber galaaska, PCBS-ga dabacsan ayaa ka samaysan waxyaabo la laaban karo oo la dhaqaajin karo, sida caag. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Sababtoo ah waxay u baahan yihiin in lagu daabaco agab dabacsan, waxay u muuqdaan inay aad qaali u yihiin wax soo saarkooda.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

Weli, PCBS -ga dabacsan ayaa bixiya faa’iidooyin badan PCBS -da adag. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. Taas macnaheedu waa in lagu laalaabi karo geesaha hareeraheeda laguna dhaawici karo geesaha. Dabacsanaantoodu waxay badbaadisaa kharash iyo miisaan iyadoo la isticmaalayo hal PCB oo dabacsan si loo daboolo meelaha laga yaabo inay u baahdaan PCBS -yo badan oo adag.

PCBS -ga dabacsan ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa meelaha laga yaabo inay saameeyaan PCBS -yo badan oo adag. Khataraha deegaanka. Si taas loo gaaro, waxaa laga soo saaray oo kaliya alaab laga yaabo inay biyuhu biyuhu yihiin, shoog-celin karin, daxalka u adkaysta ama saliid heer-sarre leh-waa ikhtiyaar aan PCBS-da qallafsan ee dhaqanka ahi yeelan karin.

PCB adag oo dabacsan

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. Guddiga adag ee dabacsan ayaa ka kooban lakabyo badan oo PCB ah oo dabacsan oo ku lifaaqan lakabyo PCB oo adag.

PCBS -yada adag ee dabacsan waxay leeyihiin faa’iidooyin badan marka loo eego adeegsiga PCBS -ga adag ama dabacsan ee codsiyada qaarkood. Tusaale ahaan, taargooyinka dabacsan ee dabacsan waxay leeyihiin qaybo tiro yar marka loo eego taarikada adag ama taariikhaha dabacsan sababtoo ah fursadaha fiilooyinka ee labadaba waxaa lagu dari karaa hal saxan. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

PCBS -ga adag ee dabacsan ayaa badiyaa laga helaa codsiyada meelaha ama culayska ugu weyn laga walaaco, oo ay ku jiraan taleefannada gacanta, kaamirooyinka dhijitaalka ah, garaacayaasha iyo baabuurta.

PCB-aad u badan

PC -yada Hf waxay tixraacaan walxaha naqshadeynta PCB -ga guud ahaan halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen dhisidda PCB sida qaababkii hore. PCF -yada Hf waa looxyo wareeg ah oo loogu talagalay inay gudbiyaan calaamadaha ka sarreeya 1 gigahertz.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

Qalabka HB PCB sida caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah fiber4 galaas galaas fiber xoojiyay laminate epoxy, polyphenylene ether (PPO) cusbi iyo teflon. Teflon waa mid ka mid ah ikhtiyaarrada ugu qaalisan sababta oo ah joogteynta dielectric -ga yar oo deggan, luminta korantada yar yar iyo nuugista biyaha oo hooseeya.

Dhinacyo badan oo ka mid ah guddiga PCB iyo nooca u dhigma ee isku xiraha PCB ayaa loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo marka la dooranayo soo noqnoqoshada sare, oo ay ku jirto joogteynta korontada (DK), kala -daadinta, luminta, iyo dhumucda korontada.

Waxa ugu muhiimsan kuwan waa Dk ee maaddada la isweydiinayo. Agabyada leh suurtogalnimada sare ee isbeddelka joogtada ah ee korantada ayaa badiyaa soo saara isbeddello is -beddel oo carqaladeeya is -waafajinta sameeya signalada dhijitaalka ah oo horseedaya luminta guud ee daacadnimada signalada dhijitaalka ah – waa arrin hf PCBS loogu talagalay inay ka hortagto.

Tixgelinnada kale marka la dooranayo nooca guddiga wareegga iyo isku xiraha PC -ga si loo isticmaalo marka la dejinayo PCBS hf waxaa ka mid ah:

• Khasaaraha Dielectric (DF), oo saameeya tayada gudbinta calaamadaha. Luminta korontada yar waxay keeni kartaa qadar yar oo wasakh signal ah.

• Thermal expansion. Haddii agabyada loo isticmaalo dhisidda PCB, sida bireedka naxaasta, ay leeyihiin heerar ballaarinta kuleylka oo kala duwan, alaabtu way kala bixi karaan midba midka kale sababtoo ah isbeddelada heerkulka.

• Nuujinta biyaha. Qaadashada biyaha badan waxay saamayn kartaa korontada joogtada ah iyo korontada ee PCB, gaar ahaan marka loo isticmaalo deegaannada qoyan.

• resistors kale. Agabyada loo isticmaalo in lagu dhiso HBS PCBS waa in lagu qiimeeyaa sida loogu baahan yahay iska caabbinta kulaylka, iska caabbinta saamaynta iyo kiimikooyinka halista ah.

PCB -ga aluminiumka taageera

Naqshadaynta PCB -ga aluminiumku taageeray ayaa qiyaas ahaan la mid ah tii PCB -ga ee naxaasta ahayd. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halkii la isticmaali lahaa fiberglass, oo ku badan inta badan noocyada gudiga PCB, aluminiumka dhabarka ee PCBS wuxuu isticmaalaa aluminium ama substrate copper.

Hordhaca nooca PCB

Taageerada aluminiumka waxaa lagu daboolay dahaar waxaana loogu talagalay inay yeelato iska caabin kuleyl oo hooseysa, taasoo la micno ah in kuleyl yar laga wareejiyo dahaarka ilaa gadaal. Marka daboolidda la adeegsado, lakabyada wareegga naxaasta oo laga bilaabo 1 wiqiyadood ilaa 10 inji oo dhumuc ah ayaa la adeegsadaa.

PCBS -yada Aluminium taageersan waxay leeyihiin faa’iidooyin badan marka loo eego PCBS -ga oo galaaska lagu taageero, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• Qiimo jaban. Aluminiumku waa mid ka mid ah biraha ugu badan ee Dhulka, kaas oo lagu qiyaaso 8.23% miisaanka dhulka. Macdanta aluminiumku waa mid sahlan oo raqiis ah, taas oo ka caawisa dhimista kharashaadka habka wax soo saarka. Sidaa darteed, way ka jaban tahay in alaabada laga sameeyo aluminium.

• Ilaalinta deegaanka. Aluminiumku waa mid aan sun ahayn oo si sahlan loo warshadeeyo. Samaynta looxyada wareegga ee daabacan oo ka samaysan aluminium ayaa iyaduna ah hab wanaagsan oo lagu badbaadin karo tamarta waayo way fududahay in la isku ururiyo.

• kala -baxa kulaylka. Aluminiumku waa mid ka mid ah qalabka ugu fiican ee loo isticmaali karo in kulaylka laga saaro qaybaha muhiimka ah ee guddiga wareegga. Uma shubayo kulaylka saxanka intiisa kale, laakiin wuxuu u jeedaa hawada furan. PCBS -yada Aluminiumku si dhakhso leh ayay u qaboobaan marka loo eego PCBS -ka naxaasta ah oo isku cabbir ah.

• Adkeysiga maaddada. Aluminiumku wuu ka cimri dheer yahay qalabka sida fiberglass ama dhoobada wuxuuna si gaar ah ugu fiican yahay tijaabooyinka dhibicda. Isticmaalka substrate -ka xooggan ayaa ka caawiya yareynta waxyeellada inta lagu jiro wax -soo -saarka, gaadiidka iyo rakibidda.

Dhammaan faa’iidooyinkaan waxay ka dhigayaan aluminium PCBS doorasho aad u fiican oo loogu talagalay codsiyada u baahan awood wax -soo -saar sare dhex -dhexaadnimo aad u adag, oo ay ku jiraan laydhka taraafikada, nalalka baabuurta, sahayda korontada, kontaroolada baabuurta iyo wareegyada hadda jira.

Ka sokow aaggooda ugu weyn ee adeegsiga, PCBS-ka aluminium-taageeray ayaa sidoo kale loo adeegsan karaa halkaas oo loo baahan yahay degganaansho farsamo oo aad u sareysa ama meesha PCB ay u adkeysan karto heerarka sare ee culeyska farsamada. Waxay u nugul yahiin fidinta kuleylka marka loo eego darbiyada fiberglass -ka, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in agabyada kale ee sabuuradda ku jira, sida bireedka naxaasta iyo dahaarka, aysan u badnayn inay soo baxaan, oo sii dheereysta nolosha sheyga.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, PCBS waxay ka soo gudubtay PCBS-ka hal-lakabka ah sida kalkulaytarada qalabka elektiroonigga ah ilaa nidaamyo aad u qallafsan sida naqshadaha Teflon-noqnoqoshada badan. PCBS -ku waxay ka heleen ku dhawaad ​​warshado kasta oo dhulka ku yaal, laga bilaabo elektiroonigga fudud sida xalka nalalka ilaa warshado aad u adag sida teknolojiyadda caafimaadka ama aerospace.

Horumarinta PCBS ayaa sidoo kale horseeday horumarinta qalabka dhismaha PCB: mar dambe ma aha oo kaliya PCBS oo ka samaysan bireed naxaas ah oo ay taageerto fiberglass. Qalabka dhismaha cusub waxaa ka mid ah aluminium, teflon iyo xitaa balaastiig laaban karo. Balaastiyada laaban karo iyo gaar ahaan aluminiumku waxay fududeeyeen abuurista badeecadaha sida PCBS-ka dabacsan oo adag oo aluminium-ka ah si loo xalliyo dhibaatooyinka guud ee la xiriira warshado badan.