Buga kwamiti na kewaye (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS galibi ana yin su da fiberglass, resin epoxy, ko wasu kayan haɗin gwiwa.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

Yawancin PCBS don na’urorin lantarki masu sauƙi suna da sauƙi kuma sun ƙunshi Layer ɗaya kawai. Ƙarin kayan aiki masu rikitarwa kamar katunan zane na kwamfuta ko katako na iya samun yadudduka masu yawa, wani lokacin har zuwa 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. Baya ga amfani da shi a cikin kayan lantarki da kwamfutoci, ana amfani da nau’ikan PCBS daban -daban a wasu fannoni daban -daban, gami da:

• Kayan aikin likita. Kayan lantarki yanzu sun yi yawa kuma suna cin ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da samfuran da suka gabata, don haka ana iya gwada sabbin fasahohin likita masu ban sha’awa. Most medical devices use high-density PCBS for creating the smallest and most dense designs. Wannan yana taimakawa rage wasu iyakoki na musamman da ke tattare da haɓaka na’urori don amfani a fagen likitanci saboda buƙatar ƙaramin girma da nauyi. PCBS sun shiga cikin komai daga ƙananan na’urori (kamar masu bugun zuciya) zuwa babba (kamar kayan X-ray ko CAT scanners).

• Mashinan masana’antu. PCBS galibi ana amfani da su a cikin manyan masana’antun masana’antu. Ana iya amfani da PCBS mai kauri mai ƙarfi inda PCBS na jan ƙarfe ɗaya na yanzu bai cika buƙatun ba. PCBS mai kauri mai kauri yana da fa’ida a cikin lamuran da suka haɗa da masu sarrafa motoci, manyan caja baturi da masu gwajin kayan masana’antu.

• haske. Saboda hanyoyin samar da hasken wutar lantarki na LED sun shahara saboda ƙarancin ikon su da ingantaccen aiki, haka ma PCBS na baya-bayan nan na aluminium ana amfani da su don yin su. Waɗannan PCBS suna aiki azaman radiators kuma suna ba da izinin matakan zafi mafi girma fiye da daidaitattun PCBS. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Masana’antun kera motoci da na sama. Masana’antun kera motoci da na sararin samaniya suna amfani da PCBS masu sassauƙa waɗanda aka ƙera don tsayayya da yanayin maƙarƙashiya na yau da kullun a cikin filayen biyu. Dangane da takamaiman tsari da ƙira, su ma suna iya yin nauyi sosai, wanda ya zama dole don ƙera sassa a masana’antar sufuri. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Akwai nau’ikan allon PCB da yawa, kowannensu yana da keɓaɓɓun ƙayyadaddun masana’anta, nau’ikan kayan aiki da amfani: PCB Layer guda ɗaya, PCB mai sau biyu, PCB mai ɗimbin yawa, PCB mai ƙarfi, PCB mai sassauƙa, PCB mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, PCB mai tsayi, aluminium baya PCB.

PCB guda ɗaya

PCB guda ɗaya-ko mai gefe ɗaya shine PCB ko substrate wanda aka yi shi daga madaidaici ɗaya. Sideaya daga cikin gefen substrate an lulluɓe shi da ƙaramin ƙarfe. Copper shi ne abin da aka fi sani da shi na yau da kullun saboda kyakyawan yanayinsa na lantarki. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

PCBS-Layer ɗaya/gefe ɗaya suna da sauƙin ƙira da ƙira saboda suna haɗa nau’ikan da’irori daban-daban a gefe ɗaya kawai. Wannan fa’ida tana nufin ana iya siyan su akan farashi mai rahusa, musamman don umarni masu girma. Ƙananan farashi, samfura masu ƙarfi suna nufin ana yawan amfani da su a aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da kalkuleta, kyamarori, rediyo da kayan aikin sitiriyo, direbobi masu ƙarfi, masu bugawa da samar da wutar lantarki.

Double-layer printed circuit board

Abun da aka saka don katako mai zagaye biyu-ko mai gefe biyu yana da bakin karfe na ƙarfe mai gudana, kamar jan ƙarfe, ana amfani da shi a ɓangarorin biyu na hukumar. Ramin da aka haƙa ta cikin jirgi yana ba da damar da’irori a gefe ɗaya na jirgi don haɗawa da da’ira a ɗaya gefen.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

Abubuwan haɗin da’irar da katako na PCB mai sau biyu ana haɗa su ta ɗayan hanyoyi biyu: ta amfani da rami ko amfani da dutsen saman. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

Dutsen PCBS na saman ba zai iya amfani da wayoyi azaman masu haɗawa ba. Instead, many of the small leads are welded directly to the board, meaning that the board itself is used as a wiring surface for the different components. Wannan yana ba da damar da’irar da za a kammala tare da ƙaramin sarari, yana ‘yantar da sarari don ba da damar hukumar ta yi ƙarin ayyuka, sau da yawa cikin sauri da yin nauyi ƙasa da ramin rami zai ba da damar.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

PCB mai Rarrabawa

Multi-Layer PCB ya ƙunshi jerin uku ko fiye na yadudduka na PCBS mai sau biyu. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. Babban PCB mai yawa da aka taɓa ginawa yana da kauri 50.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

M PCB

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Abun haɗin PCB mai ƙarfi shine wataƙila mafi yawan adadin PCBS da aka ƙera. These PCBS can be used anywhere the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and remain so for the rest of the life of the device. PCBS mai ƙarfi na iya zama PCBS mai sauƙaƙe guda ɗaya, ko 8-Layer ko 10-PCBS.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

Duk PCBS masu tsauri suna da tsarin guda ɗaya, ninki biyu, ko multilayer, don haka suna raba aikace -aikace iri ɗaya.

M PCB

Ba kamar PCBS mai ƙarfi ba, waɗanda ke amfani da kayan da ba su da sanda kamar fiberlass, PCBS masu sassauƙa an yi su da kayan da za a iya lanƙwasa kuma a motsa, kamar filastik. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Saboda suna buƙatar buga su akan kayan sassauƙa, sun fi tsada tsada don ƙera su.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

Har yanzu, PCBS masu sassauƙa suna ba da fa’idodi da yawa akan PCBS mara ƙarfi. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. Wannan yana nufin za a iya nade su a kusa da gefuna da rauni a kusa da sasanninta. Sassancinsu yana adana farashi da nauyi ta amfani da PCB mai sassauƙa guda ɗaya don rufe wuraren da zasu buƙaci PCBS masu tsauri da yawa.

Hakanan ana iya amfani da PCBS mai sassauƙa a wuraren da PCBS masu tsauri masu yawa zasu iya shafar su. Haɗarin muhalli. Har zuwa wannan, ana ƙera su ne kawai daga kayan da za su iya zama masu hana ruwa, da abin da ba za a iya jurewa ba, da juriya ko mai-zafi mai zafi-zaɓi wanda PCBS mai ƙarfi na gargajiya ba zai iya samu ba.

PCB mai sassauƙa

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. Fushin madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya ta ƙunshi yadudduka masu yawa na PCB masu haɗe -haɗe zuwa manyan yadudduka na PCB.

PCBS masu sauƙin sassauƙa suna da fa’idodi da yawa akan amfani da PCBS mai ƙarfi ko sassauƙa a cikin wasu aikace -aikace. Misali, faranti masu tsauri suna da ƙaramin adadin sassa fiye da tsayayyen gargajiya ko faranti masu sauƙi saboda za a iya haɗa zaɓuɓɓukan wayoyin duka a cikin farantin guda. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

PCBS masu sauƙin sassauƙa ana samun su a aikace -aikace inda sarari ko nauyi ya fi damuwa, gami da wayoyin hannu, kyamarorin dijital, masu bugun zuciya da motoci.

PCB mai yawan mita

Hf PCBS yana nufin abubuwan ƙirar PCB na gaba ɗaya maimakon ginin PCB kamar yadda a cikin samfuran da suka gabata. Hf PCBS allon katako ne wanda aka ƙera don watsa sigina sama da 1 gigahertz.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

Hf PCB kayan yawanci sun haɗa da FR4 sa gilashin fiber ƙarfafa epoxy laminate, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin da teflon. Teflon yana daya daga cikin mafi tsada zaɓuɓɓuka saboda ƙaramin dindindin mai ɗorewar wutar lantarki, ƙarancin raunin dielectric da ƙarancin ƙarancin ruwa.

Yawancin fannoni na allon PCB da nau’in nau’in haɗin haɗin PCB suna buƙatar la’akari yayin zaɓin babban mitar, gami da madaidaicin ma’aunin lantarki (DK), watsawa, asara, da kauri.

Mafi mahimmancin waɗannan shine Dk na kayan da ake tambaya. Kayayyakin da ke da yuwuwar canjin canji na yau da kullun galibi suna haifar da canje -canjen rashin daidaituwa waɗanda ke rushe jituwa waɗanda ke haifar da siginar dijital kuma suna haifar da asarar amincin siginar dijital – abin da aka tsara hf PCBS don hanawa.

Sauran abubuwan la’akari yayin zaɓar nau’in allon kewaye da mai haɗa PC don amfani lokacin ƙira hf PCBS sun haɗa da:

• Rashin wutar lantarki (DF), wanda ke shafar ingancin watsa sigina. Ƙananan raunin dielectric na iya haifar da ƙaramin siginar ɓarna.

• Thermal expansion. Idan kayan da aka yi amfani da su don gina PCB, kamar murfin jan ƙarfe, suna da ƙimar faɗaɗa zafi daban -daban, kayan na iya rarrabe da juna saboda canjin zafin jiki.

• Sha ruwa. Babban amfani da ruwa na iya shafar dindindin na lantarki da asarar wutar lantarki na PCB, musamman idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin rigar.

• Sauran resistors. Kayan da aka yi amfani da su don gina HBS PCBS za a kimanta su kamar yadda ake buƙata don juriya mai zafi, juriya mai tasiri da sunadarai masu haɗari.

PCB mai goyan bayan aluminium

Tsarin PCB mai goyan bayan aluminium yayi daidai da na PCB na jan ƙarfe. Koyaya, maimakon amfani da fiberglass, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a yawancin nau’ikan allon PCB, PCBS na baya -baya na aluminium yana amfani da aluminium ko abubuwan jan ƙarfe.

Gabatarwar nau’in PCB

An haɗa goyan bayan aluminum tare da rufi kuma an tsara shi don samun ƙarancin juriya na zafi, ma’ana ana canja ƙarancin zafi daga rufi zuwa goyan baya. Da zarar an yi amfani da rufin rufi, ana amfani da yadudduka da’irar jan ƙarfe daga 1 oza zuwa kauri 10.

PCBS mai goyan bayan Aluminium yana da fa’idodi da yawa akan PCBS mai goyan bayan fiberglass, gami da:

• Maras tsada. Aluminum yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan karafa a doron kasa, wanda ya kai kashi 8.23% na nauyin kasa. Haɗin aluminium yana da sauƙi kuma mai arha, wanda ke taimakawa rage farashi a cikin tsarin ƙira. A sakamakon haka, yana da arha don yin samfura daga aluminium.

• kare muhalli. Aluminum ba mai guba bane kuma yana da sauƙin maimaitawa. Yin allon allon da aka buga daga aluminium shima hanya ce mai kyau don adana makamashi saboda yana da sauƙin taruwa.

• watsawar zafi. Aluminum yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan da za a iya amfani da su don watsa zafi daga mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin allon kewaye. Ba ya haskaka zafi ga sauran farantin, amma ga sararin samaniya. PCBS na Aluminium yayi sanyi da sauri fiye da PCBS na jan ƙarfe iri ɗaya.

• Karfin abu. Aluminium ya fi dorewa fiye da kayan kamar fiberlass ko yumbu kuma yana da kyau musamman don gwajin digo. Yin amfani da madara mai ƙarfi yana taimakawa rage lalacewar lokacin ƙira, sufuri da shigarwa.

Duk waɗannan fa’idodin suna sa PCBS na aluminium ya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi don aikace -aikacen da ke buƙatar babban ƙarfin fitarwa a cikin juriya mai ƙarfi, gami da fitilun zirga -zirgar ababen hawa, hasken mota, samar da wutar lantarki, masu sarrafa motoci da madaidaitan hanyoyin yanzu.

Baya ga manyan wuraren amfani da su, ana iya amfani da PCBS mai goyan bayan aluminium inda ake buƙatar babban kwanciyar hankali na injiniya ko kuma inda PCB na iya tsayayya da matakan matsi na inji. Ba su da saukin kamuwa da faɗaɗawar zafi fiye da filayen filastik, wanda ke nufin cewa sauran kayan da ke kan jirgin, kamar allurar jan ƙarfe da rufi, ba su da ƙyalli, suna ƙara tsawaita rayuwar samfurin.

A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, PCBS sun samo asali daga PCBS mai sauƙaƙe guda ɗaya kamar masu ƙididdigewa na na’urorin lantarki zuwa tsarin hadaddun abubuwa kamar ƙirar Teflon mai yawan mita. PCBS sun sami hanyar shiga kusan kowace masana’anta a doron ƙasa, daga kayan lantarki masu sauƙi kamar mafita na haske har zuwa masana’antu masu rikitarwa kamar fasahar likita ko na sararin samaniya.

Haɓaka PCBS kuma ya haifar da haɓaka kayan gini na PCB: ba kawai PCBS ɗin da aka yi da jan ƙarfe wanda ke goyan bayan fiberlass. Sabbin kayan gini sun haɗa da aluminum, teflon har ma da robobi masu lanƙwasa. Filastik masu lanƙwasa da aluminium musamman sun sauƙaƙa ƙirƙirar samfura kamar PCS mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa don magance matsalolin gama gari da ke da alaƙa da masana’antu da yawa.