Papa kaapuni paʻi (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. Hana mau ʻia ʻo PCBS i ka fiberglass, kēpau epoxy resin, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

ʻO ka hapa nui o PCBS no nā pono uila maʻalahi he maʻalahi a hoʻopili ʻia i hoʻokahi papa wale nō. Hiki i nā lakohana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e like me nā kāleka kiʻi kamepiula a i ʻole nā ​​papa makuahine ke loaʻa i nā papa he nui, i kekahi manawa i ka 12.

ʻOiai pili pinepine ʻia ʻo PCBS me nā kamepiula, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hāmeʻa uila ʻē aʻe, e like me nā kīwī, nā lekiō, nā kāmela uila a me nā kelepona paʻalima. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana i nā uila uila o nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā kamepiula, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o PCBS i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole, e like me:

• Nā pono lapaʻau. ʻOi aku ka momona o ka uila i kēia manawa a hoʻopau i ka mana ma mua o nā huahana o mua, no laila hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nā ʻenehana olakino hou a pīhoihoi hoʻi. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā hāmeʻa i PCBS kiʻekiʻena kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hoʻolālā liʻiliʻi a nui. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i kekahi o nā palena palena ʻole e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hāmeʻa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ka pono o ka liʻiliʻi a me ka māmā māmā. Hoʻokomo ʻo PCBS i nā mea āpau mai nā hāmeʻa liʻiliʻi (e like me nā pacemakers) a i nā mea nui (e like me nā lako X-ray a i ʻole nā ​​scanner CAT).

• Nā mīkini ʻenehana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo PCBS i nā mīkini ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka PCBS keleawe mānoanoa ma kahi o ka PCBS keleawe hoʻokahi auneke i kū ʻole i nā koina. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka PCBS keleawe mānoanoa i nā hihia e like me nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe uila kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea hoʻowalewale hana.

• kukui. No ka mea makemake nui ʻia nā hopena kukui LED ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka mana a me ka pono nui, pēlā nō ka PCBS backplane alumini i hoʻohana ʻia e hana iā lākou. Hana kēia mau PCBS ma ke ʻano he radiator a ʻae i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoili wela ma mua o PCBS maʻamau. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• ʻO nā kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana aerospace. Hoʻohana nā ʻoihana kaʻa a me nā aerospace i ka PCBS maʻalahi e hoʻolālā ʻia e kū i nā wahi haʻalulu kiʻekiʻe i maʻa mau i nā māla ʻelua. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka kikoʻī a me ka hoʻolālā, hiki iā lākou ke māmā loa, i pono no nā ʻāpana hana i ka ʻoihana halihali. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano papa PCB, kēlā me kēia me kāna kikoʻī hana ponoʻī, nā ʻano pono a me nā hoʻohana: hoʻokahi papa PCB, PCB pāpālua, PCB nunui, PCB paʻakikī, PCB maʻalahi, PCB maʻalahi maʻalahi, PCB alapine kiʻekiʻe, hoʻi alumini. PCB.

ʻO kahi PCB hoʻokahi

ʻO PCB hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao kahi PCB a i ʻole substrate i hana ʻia mai kahi substrate hoʻokahi. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi ʻaoʻao o ka substrate me kahi kapa kila lahilahi. ʻO ke keleawe ka uhi maʻamau no ka maikaʻi o kāna uila. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

Maʻalahi ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o ka PCBS ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi / ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi no ka mea hoʻopili lākou i nā kaapuni like ʻole a me nā ʻaoʻao ma hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia ubiquity hiki iā lākou ke kūʻai ʻia ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, keu hoʻi no nā kauoha kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea hoʻohālikelike haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe hiki ke hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia i nā ʻano o nā noi, e like me ka helu helu ʻana, nā kāmela, nā lekiō a me nā pono uila, nā hoʻokele paʻa paʻa, nā mīkini paʻi a me nā lako mana.

Double-layer printed circuit board

ʻO ka mea substrate no kahi pālua – a i ʻole ʻaoʻao ʻelua i paʻi papa kaapuni i kahi papa lahilahi o ka mea hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, e like me ke keleawe, hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka papa. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka lua i loko o ka papa i nā kaapuni ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka papa e hoʻopili i nā kaapuni ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana o ke kaapuni a me kahi papa PCB pālua i hoʻokahi o nā ala ʻelua: e hoʻohana ana i ka puka ma o a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mauna o luna. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka PCBS pae honua ke hoʻohana i nā uea e like me nā mea hoʻopili. Ma kahi o, nui o nā alakaʻi liʻiliʻi e hoʻopili pololei ʻia i ka papa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka papa iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he pae uila no nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻAe kēia e hoʻopau i ke kaapuni me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hakahaka, e hoʻokuʻu ana i kahi e hiki ai i ka papa ke hana i nā ʻoihana hou aku, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma mua o ka papa ma-hole e ʻae ai.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

PCB Multilayer

ʻO ka Multi-layer PCB he mahele o ʻekolu a ʻoi mau papa o PCBS pālua. Mālama pū ʻia kēia mau pā me kahi glue kūikawā a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o nā ʻāpana hoʻohuihui e hōʻoia ʻole ai e hoʻoheheʻe ka nui o ka wela i kekahi o nā mea. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. ʻO ka PCB multilayer nui loa i kūkulu ʻia he 50 mau mānoanoa.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

PCB ʻoʻoleʻa

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

ʻO ka hoʻohui PCB paʻa paha ka helu nui loa o PCBS i hana ʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia PCBS ma nā wahi a pau e pono ai ka PCB iho e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻano a noho pēlā no ke koena o ke ola o ka hāmeʻa. Hiki i ka PCBS paʻa ke maʻalahi PCBS hoʻokahi papa, a i ʻole 8-layer a i ʻole 10-layer PCBS.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

Loaʻa i nā PCBS paʻa paʻa hoʻokahi, pālua, a i ʻole nā ​​hanana multilayer, no laila kaʻana like lākou i ka noi like.

PCB maʻalahi

ʻAʻole like me PCBS ʻoʻoleʻa, e hoʻohana nei i nā mea pili lāʻau ʻole e like me ke aniani aniani, hana ʻia nā PCBS maʻalahi i nā mea hiki ke piʻo a neʻe, e like me ka palekiko. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. No ka mea pono lākou e paʻi ma nā mea maʻalahi, makemake lākou e ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi i ka hana ʻana.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ka PCBS maʻalahi i nā pono he nui ma mua o PCBS ʻoʻoleʻa. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. ʻO kēia ka mea hiki iā lākou ke pelu a puni nā kihi a ʻeha a puni nā kihi. Mālama ko lākou maʻalahi i ke kumukūʻai a me ke kaupaona ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi PCB maʻalahi e uhi i nā wahi e pono ai he PCBS paʻa paʻa.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka PCBS maʻalahi i nā wahi i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e PCBS ʻoʻoleʻa. Nā pilikia o ke kaiapuni. I kēia hopena, hana wale ʻia lākou mai nā kumuwaiwai hiki ʻole ke pale wai ʻole, shockproof, ʻaʻohe kūpikipiki a ʻaila wela wela kiʻekiʻe-kahi koho i loaʻa ʻole i ka PCBS ʻoʻoleʻa.

ʻO PCB paʻakikī paʻakikī

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka papa ʻoʻoleʻa maʻalahi o nā papa PCB maʻalahi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā papa PCB paʻa paʻa.

Hiki i nā PCBS paʻakikī paʻakikī ke loaʻa nā keu he nui ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PCBS ʻoʻoleʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi i kekahi mau noi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana o nā pā ʻoʻoleʻa ma mua o nā pā kuʻuna a maʻalahi hoʻi no ka mea hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā koho pilina no nā mea ʻelua i hoʻokahi papa. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

ʻIke pinepine ʻia ʻo PCBS maʻalahi maʻalahi i nā polokalamu kahi e hopohopo nui ai ka wahi a i ʻole ke kaupaona ʻana, e like me nā kelepona paʻalima, nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi uila, nā mea hoʻolale kaʻa a me nā kaʻa.

ʻO PCB pinepine pinepine

Kuhi ʻo Hf PCBS i nā kumumanaʻo hoʻolālā PCB ākea ma mua o ka hana PCB e like me nā hiʻohiʻona mua. Hf PCBS he mau papa kaapuni i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻouna i nā hōʻailona ma mua o 1 gigahertz.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

Hf PCB pono pono nā mea me ka FR4 papa aniani i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka laminate epoxy, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin a me ka teflon. ʻO Teflon kekahi o nā koho pipiʻi loa ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi a paʻa paʻa o ka dielectric, ka liʻiliʻi o ka dielectric liʻiliʻi a me ka lawe piha wai haʻahaʻa.

Pono e noʻonoʻo i nā ʻano he nui o ka papa PCB a me kāna ʻano pili o ka hoʻopili PCB i ke koho ʻana i ke alapine kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka hoʻomau dielectric (DK), ka hoʻopau ʻana, ka nalo ʻana, a me ka mānoanoa dielectric.

ʻO ka mea nui loa o kēia ka Dk o nā mea i nīnau ʻia. ʻO nā meahana me ka likelika kiʻekiʻe o ka loli mau o ka dielectric e hoʻohua pinepine i nā hoʻololi impedance e hoʻohaunaele i nā mele like e hana ai i ka hōʻailona uila a alakaʻi i kahi nalo holoʻokoʻa o ka pono kikoʻī kikoʻī – kahi kumu i hf PCBS i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale.

Nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe i ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano o ka papa kaapuni a me ka mea hoʻopili PC e hoʻohana ai i ka hoʻolālā ʻana iā hf PCBS.

• Dielectric loss (DF), kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana o ka hōʻailona. Hiki i ka nalo uila dielectric ke hopena i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā ʻōpala neoneo.

• Thermal expansion. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea e kūkulu ai i ka PCB, e like me ka pepa keleawe keleawe, he ʻokoʻa nā helu hoʻonui pāhana, hiki ke kaʻawale nā ​​mea mai kekahi i kekahi ma muli o nā hoʻololi o ka mahana.

• Ka omo wai. Hiki i ka lawe ʻana i ka wai kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopili i ka dielectric mau a me ka make dielectric o kahi PCB, keu hoʻi ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā wahi pulu.

• Nā mea kūpale ʻē aʻe. E helu ʻia nā pono e hana ai i ka HF PCBS e like me ka mea i koi ʻia no ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka wela, ke kūpaʻa hopena a me nā kemika weliweli.

Aluminium kākoʻo iā PCB

ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana o kahi PCB i kākoʻo ʻia e ka alumini e like ia me ka hana o ka PCB kope keleawe. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka fiberglass, i maʻa mau i ka hapanui o nā ʻano papa PCB, hoʻohana ka PCBS backplane aluminika i nā substrates keleawe a i ʻole ke keleawe.

Hoʻolauna ʻano PCB

Hoʻopili ʻia ke kākoʻo alumini me ka hoʻīpī a hoʻolālā ʻia e loaʻa i ke kūpaʻa wela haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka liʻiliʻi o ka wela i hoʻoili ʻia mai ka insulate i ke kākoʻo. I ka manawa e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka hoʻopili, hoʻopili ʻia nā papa keleawe keleawe mai 1 auneke a 10 mau ʻīniha.

Loaʻa i ka PCBS i kākoʻo ʻia ʻo Aluminium he mau keu pono ma luna o ka PCBS i kākoʻo ʻia i fiberglass, e like me:

• Kālā haʻahaʻa. ʻO Aluminium kekahi o nā metala nui loa ma ka Honua, e helu ana i ka 8.23% o ke kaupaona o ka honua. Maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi ka mina alumini, kahi e kōkua ai e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai i ke kaʻina hana. A ʻo kahi hopena, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana mai ka aluminika.

• pale kaiapuni. He mea ʻawahia ka Aluminika a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana hou. ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā papa kaapuni pai ʻia mai ka aluminika he ala maikaʻi nō hoʻi ia e mālama i ka ikehu no ka mea maʻalahi ke ʻākoakoa.

• hoʻoneʻe wela. ʻO ka aluminika kekahi o nā mea pono maikaʻi loa i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopau i ka wela mai nā mea nui o ka papa kaapuni. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻomālamalama i ka wela i ke koena o ka pā, akā i ka ea ākea. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka aluminium PCBS ma mua o ka PCBS keleawe o ka nui like.

• ka lōʻihi paʻa pono. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke alumini ma mua o nā mea like me ka fiberglass a i ʻole ka pālolo a maikaʻi loa no nā hoʻokolohua kulu. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā substrates ikaika e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pōʻino i ka wā hana, halihali a me ke kau ʻana.

ʻO kēia mau mea maikaʻi āpau e hana i ka PCBS alumini i koho maikaʻi loa no nā noi e koi ana i ka mana puka kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa loa, e like me nā kukui huakaʻi, nā kukui kaʻa, nā lako uila, nā mea hoʻokele kaʻa a me nā kaapuni kiʻekiʻe.

Ma waho aʻe o kā lākou mau ʻāpana nui o ka hoʻohana, hiki ke hoʻohana pū ʻia ka PCBS i kākoʻo ʻia e ka aluminika kahi e koi ʻia ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻa paʻa mechanical a i ʻole kahi e kū ai ka PCB i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka pilikia mechanical. ʻAʻole maʻalahi lākou i ka hoʻonui wela ma mua o nā panalā fiberglass, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka papa, e like me ka pepa keleawe a me ka hoʻoweliweli, e liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi, hoʻonui hou i ke ola o ka huahana.

I nā makahiki i hala, ua ulu ʻo PCBS mai PCBS hoʻokahi papa maʻalahi e like me nā calculator no nā pono uila i nā ʻōnaehana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e like me nā hoʻolālā Teflon alapine kiʻekiʻe. Ua loaʻa ʻo PCBS i ko lākou ala a kokoke i kēlā me kēia ʻoihana o ka honua, mai nā uila uila e like me nā hopena uila a hiki i nā ʻoihana ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī e like me ka ʻenehana a ʻoihana aerospace paha.

Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o PCBS i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kūkulu PCB: ʻaʻole hou ʻo PCBS wale nō i hana ʻia i ka pepa keleawe i kākoʻo ʻia e fiberglass. ʻO nā mea hana hale hou e pili ana i ka alumini, teflon a me nā plastics bendable. ʻO nā plasticable Bendable a me ka alumini i hana maʻalahi i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana e like me PCBS paʻa paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻonā i nā pilikia maʻamau e pili ana i nā ʻoihana he nui.