Lolomi laupapa matagaluega (PCBS) are boards used as substrates in most electronic devices – both as physical supports and as wiring areas for surface mount and socket assemblies. PCBS are usually made of fiberglass, composite epoxy resin, or other composite materials.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

Most PCBS for simple electronic devices are simple and consist of only a single layer. O isi meafaigaluega e faʻafaigata tele e pei o komipiʻi ata o komipiuta poʻo motherboard e mafai ona tele faʻaputuga, o nisi taimi e oʻo atu ile 12.

Although PCBS are usually associated with computers, they can be found in many other electronic devices, such as televisions, radios, digital cameras and cell phones. I le faʻaopopoga i le faʻaaogaina i tagata faʻaaoga eletise ma komipiuta, eseese ituaiga o PCBS o loʻo faʻaaogaina i le tele o isi vaega, e aofia ai:

• Medical equipment. Ua sili atu le mafiafia o eletise ma faʻaalu ai le paʻu nai lo oloa talu ai, o lea e mafai ai ona faʻataʻitaʻia tekinolosi fou ma faʻafiafiaina. Most medical devices use high-density PCBS for creating the smallest and most dense designs. E fesoasoani lea e faʻamamaina nisi o faʻatapulaʻa tulaga ese aofia ai i le atiaʻeina o masini mo le faʻaaogaina i le fomaʻi faʻapitoa ona o le manaʻoga mo laʻititi ma lapoʻa mama. PCBS have made inroads into everything from small devices (like pacemakers) to large ones (like X-ray equipment or CAT scanners).

• Industrial machinery. PCBS are commonly used in high-power industrial machinery. Thick copper PCBS can be used where current one-ounce copper PCBS do not meet requirements. O le mafiafia o le apamemea PCBS e aoga tele i mataupu e aofia ai afi faʻatonutonu, maualuga-taimi nei maa fualaʻau ma alamanuia suʻesuʻe suʻega.

• lighting. Because LED-based lighting solutions are popular because of their low power consumption and high efficiency, so are the aluminum backplane PCBS used to make them. Nei PCBS tautua o radiators ma faʻatagaina mo maualuga maualuga o le vevela faʻafeiloaʻi nai lo tulaga PCBS. These same aluminum backboard PCBS form the basis of high lumen LED applications and basic lighting solutions.

• Automotive and aerospace industries. The automotive and aerospace industries use flexible PCBS designed to withstand the high vibration environments common in both fields. Depending on specification and design, they can also be very lightweight, which is necessary for manufacturing parts in the transportation industry. They can also fit into tight Spaces that may exist in these applications, such as inside the dashboard or behind the instruments on the dashboard.

E tele ituaiga o laupapa PCB, taʻitasi ma ona lava tulaga ese gaosiga faʻapitoa, mea mea ituaiga ma faʻaogaina: tasi vaega PCB, faʻalua faʻalua PCB, tele-vaega PCB, maumaʻa PCB, fetuʻutuʻu PCB, maumaututū PCB fetuutuunai, maualuga alualu i luma PCB, alumini i tua PCB

A single layer PCB

Single – or single-sided PCB is a PCB or substrate made from a single substrate. One side of the substrate is coated with a thin metal layer. Copper is the most common coating because of its good electrical conductivity. Once a copper-based coating is applied, a protective welding mask is usually used, followed by the use of all elements on the last screen printing plate.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

Single-layer/single-side PCBS are easy to design and manufacture because they weld the various circuits and components on only one side. This ubiquity means they can be purchased at low cost, especially for high-volume orders. Tau maualalo, maualuga-gafatia faʻataʻitaʻiga latou te masani ona faʻaaogaina i le tele o ituaiga o talosaga, e aofia ai calculator, mea puʻeata, leitio ma masini faʻaeletise, mautu setete taʻavale, masini lolomi ma paoa sapalai.

Double-layer printed circuit board

The substrate material for a double – or double-sided printed circuit board has a thin layer of conductive metal, such as copper, applied to both sides of the board. O pu na eliina i totonu o le laupapa faʻataga ai matagaluega i le tasi itu o le laupapa e fesoʻotaʻi ai i taʻamilosaga i le isi itu.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

Components of a circuit and a double-layer PCB board are usually connected in one of two ways: using a through-hole or using a surface mount. A through-hole connection means that small wires called leads are fed through the hole, with each end of the leads welded to the right-hand component.

Surface mount PCBS cannot use wires as connectors. Instead, many of the small leads are welded directly to the board, meaning that the board itself is used as a wiring surface for the different components. E faʻatagaina le faʻataʻamilosaga e faʻamaeʻaina ma le laʻititi avanoa, faʻasaʻolotoina avanoa e mafai ai e le laupapa e faʻatino nisi gaioiga, e masani ona televave ma mamafa le laʻititi nai lo le faʻatagaina e le laupapa i totonu o le pu.

Double side PCBS are commonly used in applications that require intermediate levels of circuit complexity, such as industrial controls, power supplies, instrumentation, HVAC systems, LED lighting, car dashboards, amplifiers, and vending machines.

Multilayer PCB

Multi-layer PCB consists of a series of three or more layers of double-layer PCBS. These plates are then held together with special glue and clamped between the insulation pieces to ensure that excess heat does not melt any of the components. Multi-layer PCBS come in a variety of sizes, as small as four layers or as large as ten or twelve. The largest multilayer PCB ever built is 50 layers thick.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

For multilayer printed circuit boards, designers can produce very thick, complex designs suitable for a variety of complex electrical tasks. Beneficial applications for multilayer PCBS include file servers, data storage, GPS technology, satellite systems, weather analysis and medical devices.

Maumaututū PCB

Rigid printed circuit boards are printed circuit boards made of a strong substrate material that prevents the board from twisting. Probably the most common example of a rigid PCB is a computer motherboard. The motherboard is a multi-layer PCB designed to distribute power from the power supply while allowing all parts of the computer to communicate with each other, such as the CPU, GPU and RAM.

Rigid PCB composition is perhaps the largest number of PCBS manufactured. These PCBS can be used anywhere the PCB itself needs to be set to a shape and remain so for the rest of the life of the device. Maumaa PCBS mafai ona faigofie tasi-vaega PCBS, poʻo le 8-vaega poʻo le 10-vaega PCBS.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

Uma maumaa PCBS i ai tasi, faʻalua, poʻo multilayer fausaga, o lea latou fefaʻasoaaʻi ai i le tutusa talosaga.

PCB fetuutuunai

Unlike rigid PCBS, which use non-stick materials such as glass fiber, flexible PCBS are made of materials that can be bent and moved, such as plastic. Similar to rigid PCBS, flexible PCBS come in single, double, or multi-layer formats. Because they need to be printed on flexible materials, they tend to be more expensive to manufacture.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

Tusa lava, fetuutuunai PCBS ofoina sili lelei nai lo PCBS faigata. The most striking of these advantages is their flexibility. This means they can be folded around the edges and wound around the corners. Their flexibility saves on cost and weight by using a single flexible PCB to cover areas that might need multiple rigid PCBS.

E mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina le PCBS fetuutuunai i eria e ono aʻafia i le tele o PCBS maumaʻa. Environmental hazards. To this end, they are manufactured only from materials that may be waterproof, shockproof, corrosion-resistant or high-temperature oil-an option that traditional rigid PCBS may not have.

PCB maumaututū fetuutuunai

When it comes to the two most important overall PCBS, flexible rigid PCBS combine the best of both. The flexible rigid board is composed of multiple flexible PCB layers attached to multiple rigid PCB layers.

Flexible rigid PCBS have many advantages over using rigid or flexible PCBS only in certain applications. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o ipu maumaʻa ma fetuutuunai e i ai le laʻititi numera o vaega nai lo masani maumaʻa poʻo fesuiaʻi papatusi aua o filifili filifiliga mo uma e lua mafai ona tuʻufaʻatasia i se tasi ipu. Combining rigid and flexible boards into a single rigid-flexible board also allows for a more streamlined design that reduces overall board size and package weight.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

PCBS maumaututū fetuutuunai e masani ona maua i faʻapipiʻiaga o loʻo atugalu tele i ai le avanoa poʻo le mamafa, e aofia ai telefoni feʻaveaʻi, mea puʻeata uila, masini faʻafefe uila ma taʻavale.

High-frequency PCB

Hf PCBS refer to general PCB design elements rather than PCB construction as in previous models. Hf PCBS are circuit boards designed to transmit signals in excess of 1 gigahertz.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

Hf PCB materials typically include FR4 grade glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate, polyphenylene ether (PPO) resin and teflon. Teflon is one of the most expensive options because of its small and stable dielectric constant, small dielectric loss and overall low water absorption.

Many aspects of the PCB board and its corresponding type of PCB connector need to be considered when selecting high frequency, including dielectric constant (DK), dissipation, loss, and dielectric thickness.

The most important of these is the Dk of the material in question. O mea e iai le maualuga o le suiga e le masani ai, e masani ona tupu ai ni suiga le lelei, e faʻalavelave ai le fealofani e maua ai le faʻailoga numera – ose mea taua ua fuafuaina PCBS e puipuia.

Other considerations when choosing the type of circuit board and PC connector to use when designing hf PCBS include:

• Dielectric loss (DF), which affects the quality of signal transmission. Small dielectric loss may result in a small amount of signal waste.

• Thermal expansion. If the materials used to build the PCB, such as copper foil, have different thermal expansion rates, the materials may separate from each other due to temperature changes.

• Water absorption. High water intake can affect the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of a PCB, especially when used in wet environments.

• Other resistors. Materials used to construct HF PCBS shall be rated as required for heat resistance, impact resistance and hazardous chemicals.

Aluminum backing PCB

The design of an aluminum backed PCB is roughly the same as that of a copper backed PCB. Peitaʻi, nai lo le faʻaaogaina o fiberglass, e masani ai i le tele o laupapa laupapa PCB, e faʻaoga e le aluminium backplane PCBS le aluminium poʻo le substrates ‘apamemea.

Folasaga ituaiga PCB

The aluminum backing is lined with insulation and is designed to have low thermal resistance, meaning less heat is transferred from the insulation to the backing. Once insulation is applied, layers of copper circuit from 1 ounce to 10 inches thick are applied.

Aluminum backed PCBS have a number of advantages over fiberglass backed PCBS, including:

• Low cost. Aluminum is one of the most abundant metals on Earth, accounting for 8.23% of the earth’s weight. Mining aluminum is easy and cheap, which helps reduce costs in the manufacturing process. As a result, it is cheaper to make products out of aluminum.

• environmental protection. Aluminum is non-toxic and easy to recycle. Faia lolomi laupapa matagaluega mai alumini o se lelei foʻi auala e sefe ai le malosi aua e faigofie ona faʻaputuputu.

• heat dissipation. Aluminum is one of the best materials that can be used to dissipate heat from key components of a circuit board. It does not radiate heat to the rest of the plate, but to the open air. Alumini PCBS malu vave nai lo le apamemea PCBS o le tutusa tutusa.

• Uiga anagata. O le alumini e sili atu le umi nai lo mea e pei o fau tioata poʻo le keramika ma e sili ona lelei mo paʻu suʻega. Faʻaaogaina malosiʻaga substrates fesoasoani faʻaititia le faʻaleagaina i le taimi o gaosiga, felauaiga ma faapipiiina.

O nei mea lelei uma faia alumini PCBS o se sili lelei filifiliga mo talosaga manaʻomia maualuga gaosiga mana i totonu o matua lava faapalepale, e aofia ai moli uila, taʻavale afi, sapalai eletise, afi faʻatonutonu ma maualuga taimi nei taʻamilosaga.

I se faʻaopopoga ia latou vaega taua o le faʻaaogaina, e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina le PCBS e lagolagoina e le aluminium pe a manaʻomia se maualuga maualuga o le faʻamautuina o masini pe o fea foi e mafai ai e le PCB ona tatalia le maualuga o le mafatiaga faʻateiina. They are less susceptible to thermal expansion than fiberglass panels, which means that other materials on the board, such as copper foil and insulation, are less likely to peel off, further extending the life of the product.

Over the years, PCBS have evolved from simple single-layer PCBS such as calculators for electronic devices to more complex systems such as high-frequency Teflon designs. PCBS ua maua lo latou auala i le toeititi lava pisinisi uma i le lalolagi, mai faigofie eletise e pei o moli fofo auala uma i sili atu faigata pisinisi pei o vailaʻau poʻo aerospace tekonolosi.

O le atinaʻeina o PCBS ua taʻitaʻia foi i le atinaeina o PCB fale mea: le toe na o PCBS faia i apamemea foil lagolagoina e fiberglass. O fale fou e aofia ai alumini, teflon ma e oʻo lava i mea faʻapipiʻi. O palasitika faʻapipiʻi ma alumini faʻapitoa na faʻafaigofieina le fausiaina o oloa e pei o PCBS maʻaʻa fesuiaʻi ma fauina e le alumini e foʻia ai faʻafitauli masani e fesoʻotaʻi ma le tele o pisinisi.