A cikin tsarin zane na high-gudun PCB, wiring ne mafi cikakken fasaha da kuma mafi iyaka, injiniyoyi sukan fuskanci matsaloli daban-daban a cikin wannan tsari. Wannan labarin zai fara yin gabatarwar asali ga PCB, kuma a lokaci guda yi bayani mai sauƙi na ƙa’idar wiring, a ƙarshe zai kawo ƙwarewar PCB masu amfani da mahimmancin wayoyi huɗu.

Here are some good wiring tips and essentials:

Da farko, an yi gabatarwar asali. Za’a iya raba adadin yadudduka na PCB zuwa Layer guda, Layer biyu da Multi-Layer. Ainihin Layer guda ɗaya an kawar dashi yanzu. Biyu bene allon abin da tsarin sauti ke amfani da shi a yanzu yana da yawa, shi ne la’akari da sakamakon kamar yadda aka saba sanya m model board yaro, Multi-Layer allon maki zuwa 4 kai allon na 4 a sama wato, da yawa da ake bukata na bangaren ba tsayi so. gaya 4 yadudduka ya isa yawanci. Daga kusurwar ta hanyar rami za a iya raba ta cikin rami, rami makaho, da rami binne. A through-hole is a hole that goes directly from the top to the bottom; Ana sawa ramin makaho daga rami na sama ko na kasa zuwa na tsakiya, sannan ba zai ci gaba da sawa ba. Wannan fa’idar ita ce, ba a toshe matsayi na rami daga farkon zuwa ƙarshe, kuma sauran yadudduka na iya tafiya a kan matsayi na rami. The buried hole is this hole that goes through the mesosphere to the mesosphere, is buried, the surface is completely invisible. An nuna takamaiman yanayin a cikin adadi na ƙasa.

Kafin wayoyin hannu ta atomatik, wayoyi tare da manyan buƙatun layin hulɗa a gaba, shigar da layin fitarwa bai kamata ya kasance a layi ɗaya ba, don guje wa tsangwama. Idan ya cancanta, za a iya amfani da igiyoyin ƙasa don keɓancewa, kuma za a iya haɗa wayoyi biyu na kusa da juna, saboda layi ɗaya yana haifar da haɗin gwiwa na parasitic. Matsakaicin rarraba wutar lantarki ta atomatik ya dogara da kyakkyawan tsari, ana iya saita ka’idodin wiring a gaba, kamar adadin layin lanƙwasa, adadin ramuka, adadin matakai, da dai sauransu. It is to undertake exploration type wiring first commonly, connect short line quickly, pass maze type wiring again, the connection that wants cloth undertakes global wiring route optimization, it can disconnect the line that already cloth according to need and try to re – route again, improve overall wiring effect thereby.

Don shimfidawa, ƙa’ida ɗaya ita ce kiyaye dijital da analog a ware kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma doka ɗaya ita ce kiyaye ƙarancin gudu daga babban gudu. Mafi mahimmancin ƙa’ida shine raba ƙasan dijital da ƙasan analog. Tsarin ƙasa na dijital na’ura ce mai sauyawa, kuma na yanzu yana da girma sosai a lokacin sauyawa, kuma ƙarami ne idan ba ya motsawa. Saboda haka, dijital grounding ba za a iya gauraye da analog grounding. Tsarin da aka ba da shawarar zai yi kama da wanda ke ƙasa.

1. Tsare -tsaren waya tsakanin wutan lantarki da waya ta kasa

(1) Don ƙara ƙarfin yankewa tsakanin wutar lantarki da waya ta ƙasa. Tabbatar haɗa wutar lantarki zuwa fil ɗin guntu bayan capacitor na decouping, adadi mai zuwa ya lissafa hanyoyin haɗin da ba daidai ba da hanyar haɗin kai daidai, zamu koma na gaba, shin akwai irin wannan kuskuren? Decoupling capacitor generally has two functions: one is to provide the chip with instantaneous large current, and the other is to remove the power supply noise. On the one hand, the noise of the power supply should be minimized to affect the chip, and on the other hand, the noise generated by the chip should not affect the power supply.

(2) gwargwadon yadda za a iya fadada wutar lantarki da wayar ƙasa, mafi kyawun waya ta ƙasa ta fi layin wutar lantarki fadi, dangantakarsa ita ce: layin siginar “layin wutar lantarki”.

(3) za a iya amfani da babban yanki na jan karfe Layer a matsayin ƙasa, a cikin bugu da aka buga ba a yi amfani da a wurin da aka haɗa tare da ƙasa, don amfani da ƙasa, ko sanya na Multi-Layer, samar da wutar lantarki, ƙasa kowane mamaye Layer.

2. Circuit na dijital da aikin haɗaɗɗen kewaye

Nowadays, many PCBS are no longer single-function circuits, but are made up of a mixture of digital and analog circuits, so the interference between them needs to be considered when routing, especially the noise interference on the ground.

Saboda babban mitar dijital da’irori, analog hankali hankali yana da ƙarfi, don layin sigina, siginar sigina mai girma gwargwadon yiwuwar nesa da na’urar analog mai mahimmanci, amma ga duka PCB, wayar ƙasa ta PCB zuwa nodes na duniya na iya samun ɗaya kawai. , don haka dole ne ya kasance cikin sarrafa PCB, da’irar dijital da matsalolin kewaye analog, kuma a cikin allon kewaye, Ƙasar da’irar dijital da ƙasa na da’irar analog a zahiri sun bambanta, kawai a cikin keɓancewa (toshe, da sauransu) inda PCB ke haɗa zuwa duniyar waje. Ƙasar da’irar dijital ta ɗan ɗan gajeren ƙasa na da’irar analog, don Allah a lura cewa akwai haɗin haɗin kai ɗaya kawai, akwai kuma ƙasa mara kyau akan PCB, wannan ya dogara da tsarin tsarin.

3. Gudanar da sasanninta na layi

A al’ada za a sami canji na kauri a kusurwar layin, amma lokacin da diamita na layin ya canza, za a sami wani abin mamaki. Don bambance-bambancen kauri na layi, kusurwar dama sune mafi muni, digiri 45 sun fi kyau, kuma kusurwoyi masu zagaye sun fi kyau. Koyaya, kusurwoyi masu zagaye suna da wahala ga ƙirar PCB, don haka gabaɗaya ana ƙaddara ta da azancin siginar. Gabaɗaya, kusurwar digiri 45 ya isa ga siginar, kuma waɗancan layukan masu hankali ne kawai ke buƙatar sasanninta.

4. Check the design rules after laying the line

Komai za mu yi, ya kamata mu duba shi bayan mun gama shi, kamar yadda ya kamata mu duba amsoshin mu idan muna da sauran lokaci a jarrabawa, wanda hanya ce mai mahimmanci a gare mu don samun manyan maki, kuma daidai ne a gare mu don zana allon PCB. Ta wannan hanyar, za mu iya ƙara tabbatar da cewa allunan da muke zana samfuran ƙwararru ne. Babban binciken mu yana da abubuwa masu zuwa:

(1) ko tazara tsakanin layi da layi, layi da kushin sashi, layi da rami, kushin sashi da rami, rami da rami mai ma’ana ne, ko don biyan buƙatun samarwa.

(2) Ko nisa na igiyar wutar lantarki da kebul na ƙasa ya dace, ko wutar lantarki da kebul na ƙasa an haɗa su sosai (ƙananan raƙuman ruwa), da kuma ko akwai ɗaki a cikin PCB don faɗaɗa kebul na ƙasa.

(3) Ko an ɗauki mafi kyawun matakan don layin siginar maɓalli, kamar mafi ƙarancin tsayi, layin kariya, layin shigarwa da layin fitarwa an raba su a fili.

(4) Analog kewaye da ɓangaren da’ira na dijital, ko akwai waya ta ƙasa mai zaman kanta.

(5) Ko zane-zane (irin su ICONS da bayanin kula) da aka ƙara zuwa PCB zai haifar da gajeriyar sigina.

(6) Gyara wasu layukan da basu gamsu ba.

(7) Ko da tsarin layin da aka kara a kan PCB, ko juriya waldi ya sadu da bukatun na samar da tsari, ko juriya waldi size ne dace, da kuma ko hali alamar da aka guga man a kan waldi kushin na na’urar, don haka kamar yadda kada ya shafi ingancin kayan aikin lantarki.

(8) Ko an rage girman firam ɗin layin wutar lantarki a cikin jirgi mai ɗimbin yawa, kamar murfin jan ƙarfe da aka fallasa a waje da jirgin Layer na samar da wutar lantarki yana da sauƙi don haifar da gajeriyar da’ira.

Gabaɗaya, ƙwarewa da hanyoyin da ke sama sune gogewa, waɗanda suka cancanci koyo lokacin da muka zana allon PCB. A cikin aiwatar da zana PCB, ban da ƙwararrun yin amfani da kayan aikin zane, ya kamata mu kuma sami ingantaccen ilimin ƙa’idar da ƙwarewar aiki mai ɗorewa, wanda zai iya taimaka muku don kammala taswirar PCB ɗinku cikin sauri da inganci. Amma akwai kuma wani muhimmin batu, wato, dole ne mu yi taka tsantsan, ko da wayoyi ko tsarin gaba ɗaya kowane mataki ya kamata a yi taka tsantsan kuma mai tsanani, saboda ƙananan kuskuren ku na iya haifar da samfurin ku na ƙarshe ya zama sharar gida, sa’an nan kuma ba za a iya samu ba. ina kuskure, Don haka za mu gwammace mu ciyar da lokaci mai yawa akan tsarin zane don bincika cikakkun bayanai a hankali maimakon mu koma mu bincika idan wani abu ya ɓace, wanda zai ɗauki ƙarin lokaci. A takaice, tsarin PCB yana kula da cikakkun bayanai.