Ma ke kaʻina hana hoʻolālā o high-wikiwiki PCB, ʻo ka wiring ka mākau kikoʻī loa a me ka palena iki, ʻike pinepine nā ʻenekinia i nā pilikia like ʻole i kēia kaʻina hana. E hana mua kēia ʻatikala i kahi hoʻolauna kumu i ka PCB, a ma ka manawa like e hana i kahi wehewehe maʻalahi o ke kumu o ka uea, ma hope e lawe mai i nā mākau uila ʻehā PCB a me nā mea pono.

Here are some good wiring tips and essentials:

ʻO ka mea mua, ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻolauna kumu. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka helu o nā papa PCB i hoʻokahi papa, papa pālua a me multi-layer. Hoʻopau ʻia ka papa hoʻokahi i kēia manawa. ʻO ka papa papa ʻelua ka mea e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻōnaehana kani i kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka manaʻo i ka hopena e like me ka mea maʻamau i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke keiki papa kumu hoʻohālike, ʻo nā papa ʻāpana he nui i ka 4 a hiki i ka papa o 4 ma luna ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka koi pono o ka ʻāpana ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe. e haʻi i 4 mau papa i lawa maʻamau. Mai ka Angle o ma o ka puka hiki ke maheleia ma o ka puka, puka makapo, a me ka lua i kanuia. A through-hole is a hole that goes directly from the top to the bottom; Hoʻohana ʻia ka puka makapō mai ka puka o luna a lalo paha i ka papa waena, a laila ʻaʻole e hoʻomau ʻia. ʻO kēia pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole paʻa ke kūlana o ka lua mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki i ka hopena, a hiki i nā papa ʻē aʻe ke hele ma ke kūlana o ka lua. The buried hole is this hole that goes through the mesosphere to the mesosphere, is buried, the surface is completely invisible. The specific situation is shown in the figure below.

Ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wili, ʻo ka wili me nā koi kiʻekiʻe o ka laina interactive ma mua, ʻaʻole pono e pili like ka laina hoʻokomo a me ka laina ʻaoʻao, e pale i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana. Inā pono, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kaula ʻāina no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, a ʻo ka wili o nā papa ʻelua e pili ana e kū pono kekahi i kekahi, no ka mea, ʻo nā papa like ʻole e hana i ka hoʻopili parasitic. ʻO ka helu hoʻohele o ka wili uila e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia nā lula wili, e like me ka helu o nā laina kuʻi, ka helu o nā puka, ka helu o nā ʻanuʻu, etc. It is to undertake exploration type wiring first commonly, connect short line quickly, pass maze type wiring again, the connection that wants cloth undertakes global wiring route optimization, it can disconnect the line that already cloth according to need and try to re – route again, improve overall wiring effect thereby.

No ka hoʻolālā, hoʻokahi lula e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kikohoʻe a me ka analog e like me ka hiki, a hoʻokahi kānāwai e mālama i ka māmā haʻahaʻa mai ka wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kumu kumu nui ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka grounding digital a me ka grounding analog. He mea hoʻololi ke kahua kikohoʻe, a nui loa ke au i ka manawa o ka hoʻololi, a liʻiliʻi loa ke neʻe ʻole. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka grounding digital me ka grounding analog. Hiki ke nānā ʻia kahi hoʻolālā i manaʻo ʻia e like me ka mea ma lalo nei.

1. Ka mālama ‘ana no ka uwea ma waena o ka lako mana a me ka uea honua

(1) E hoʻohui i ka decoupling capacitance ma waena o ka lako mana a me ka uea honua. E hōʻoia e hoʻopili i ka mana mana i ka pine o ka chip ma hope o ka decoupling capacitor, ke helu nei ka helu ma lalo nei i kekahi mau ala pili hewa a me kahi ala pili pono, e nānā mākou i ka mea aʻe, aia kekahi hewa? Decoupling capacitor generally has two functions: one is to provide the chip with instantaneous large current, and the other is to remove the power supply noise. On the one hand, the noise of the power supply should be minimized to affect the chip, and on the other hand, the noise generated by the chip should not affect the power supply.

(2) as far as possible to widen the power supply and ground wire, the best ground wire is wider than the power line, its relationship is: ground wire “power line” signal line.

(3) hiki ke hoʻohana i ka nui wahi o ke keleawe papa e like me ka lepo, i loko o ka paʻi paʻi ‘aʻole i hoʻohana ‘ia i loko o ka wahi i pili me ka lepo, no ka hoʻohana ‘ana i ka honua, a i hana ‘ia o multi-layer, mana lako, lepo kela a me keia noho i ka papa.

2. Kaapuni kikohoʻe a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka hui ʻana

Nowadays, many PCBS are no longer single-function circuits, but are made up of a mixture of digital and analog circuits, so the interference between them needs to be considered when routing, especially the noise interference on the ground.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe alapine kikohoʻe kaapuni, analog kaapuni sensitivity ikaika, no ka hoailona laina, kiʻekiʻe alapine hōʻailona e like me ka mamao mai ka sensitive analog mea, akā, no ka PCB holoʻokoʻa, PCB lepo uea i waho honua nodes hiki ke loaʻa hoʻokahi wale nō. , no laila pono i loko o ka hana PCB, nā pilikia kaapuni kikohoʻe a me nā pilikia kaapuni analog, a i loko o ka papa kaapuni, He kaawale maoli ka lepo o ke kaapuni kikohoia a me ka lepo o ka kaapuni analog, aia wale no ma ka interface (plug, etc.) kahi i pili ai ka PCB i ka honua o waho. The ground of the digital circuit is a little short of the ground of the analog circuit, please note that there is only one connection point, there are also incommon ground on the PCB, this depends on the system design.

3. Ka hana ʻana i nā kihi laina

Normally there will be a change in thickness at the corner of the line, but when the line diameter changes, there will be some reflection phenomenon. No nā ʻano ʻano mānoanoa o nā laina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kihi ʻākau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o 45 degere, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kihi poʻe. Eia naʻe, pilikia nā kihi pōʻai i ka hoʻolālā PCB, no laila e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka naʻau o ka hōʻailona. ʻO ka maʻamau, lawa ka Angle 45 degere no ka hōʻailona, ​​a ʻo kēlā mau laina koʻikoʻi wale nō e pono i nā kihi poʻe.

4. Check the design rules after laying the line

ʻO nā mea a mākou e hana ai, pono mākou e nānā ma hope o ka pau ʻana, e like me kā mākou nānā ʻana i kā mākou pane inā he manawa koe i ka hoʻokolokolo, he ala nui ia e loaʻa ai nā māka kiʻekiʻe, a ua like ia no mākou. e kaha i na papa PCB. Ma kēia ala, hiki iā mākou ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i nā papa kaapuni a mākou e huki ai he huahana kūpono. Loaʻa i kā mākou nānā nui nā ʻano penei:

(1) inā paha he kūpono ka mamao ma waena o ka laina a me ka laina, ka laina a me ka papa ʻāpana, ka laina a me ka lua, ka papa ʻāpana a me ka puka ma waena, ma waena o ka puka a me ka lua, inā paha e hoʻokō i nā koi hana.

(2) Inā kūpono ka laula o ke kaula mana a me ke kaula honua, inā paha i hoʻopili paʻa ʻia ka lako mana a me ke kaula lepo (impedance haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa), a inā he lumi i loko o ka PCB e hoʻonui ʻia ke kaula honua.

(3) Inā lawe ʻia nā ana maikaʻi loa no nā laina hōʻailona kī, e like me ka lōʻihi pōkole, nā laina pale, nā laina hoʻokomo a me nā laina hoʻopuka.

(4) Kaapuni Analog a me ka mahele kaapuni kikohoia, ina he uwea lepo kuokoa.

(5) Inā paha e hoʻohui ʻia nā kiʻi (e like me ICONS a me nā noʻonoʻo) i PCB.

(6) Hoʻololi i kekahi mau laina ʻoluʻolu ʻole.

(7) Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka laina kaʻina hana ma ka PCB, inā paha e hoʻokō ka kuʻekuʻe kūʻē i nā koi o ke kaʻina hana, inā kūpono ke ʻano kuʻi ʻana, a inā paha i kaomi ʻia ka hōʻailona ma ka papa kuʻihao o ka mea. ʻaʻole e pili i ka maikaʻi o nā mea uila.

(8) Inā hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka papa lako mana ma ka papa multi-layer, e like me ka pahu keleawe i hōʻike ʻia ma waho o ka papa o ka papa lako mana he mea maʻalahi ke hana pōkole.

ʻO nā mea āpau, ʻo nā mākau a me nā ʻano hana i ʻike ʻia, pono e aʻo i ka wā e huki ai mākou i ka papa PCB. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i ka PCB, ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana akamai ʻana i nā mea hana kiʻi kiʻi, pono mākou e loaʻa ka ʻike theoretical paʻa a me ka ʻike waiwai waiwai, hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻopau i kāu palapala PCB me ka wikiwiki a me ka maikaʻi. Akā, aia kekahi wahi koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono mākou e makaʻala, ʻaʻole pili i ka wili a i ʻole ka hoʻonohonoho holoʻokoʻa e pono e makaʻala a koʻikoʻi kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu, no ka mea, hiki i kāu kuhi liʻiliʻi ke alakaʻi i kāu huahana hope e lilo, a laila ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa. auhea ka hewa, No laila, makemake mākou e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa ma ke kaʻina hana kiʻi e nānā pono i nā kikoʻī ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana a nānā inā hewa kekahi mea, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa. I ka pōkole, ke kaʻina hana PCB e hoʻolohe i nā kikoʻī.