Mu ndondomeko ya mapangidwe a hPCB liwiro, mawaya ndi luso latsatanetsatane komanso lochepa kwambiri, mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana pochita izi. Nkhaniyi choyamba kuchita zoyambira zofunika PCB, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo kuchita kufotokoza yosavuta mfundo ya mawaya, potsiriza adzabweretsa zothandiza kwambiri anayi PCB mawaya luso ndi zofunika.

Nawa maupangiri abwino a wiring ndi zofunika:

Choyamba, mawu oyamba amapangidwa. Chiwerengero cha zigawo PCB akhoza kugawidwa mu wosanjikiza umodzi, wosanjikiza awiri ndi Mipikisano wosanjikiza. Single wosanjikiza kwenikweni inathetsedwa tsopano. Bolodi yapawiri yomwe makina amawu amagwiritsira ntchito tsopano ndi yochuluka, ndikulingalira zotsatira zake monga mwana wa board board wodziwika bwino, ma board a multilayer board amafika 4 kufika pa bolodi la 4 pamwambapa, kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe sizitali. Uzani zigawo 4 ndizokwanira nthawi zambiri. Kuchokera ku ngodya ya dzenje akhoza kugawidwa mu dzenje, dzenje lakhungu, ndi dzenje lokwiriridwa. Bowo ndi bowo lomwe limapita molunjika kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi; Bowo lakhungu limavala kuchokera pamwamba kapena pansi pa dzenje mpaka pakati, ndiyeno silikupitiriza kuvala. Ubwino wake ndikuti malo abowo sakutsekedwa kuyambira koyambirira mpaka kumapeto, ndipo zigawo zina zimatha kuyenda pamalopo. Mbowo okwiriridwa ndi dzenje lomwe limadutsa mu mesosphere kupita ku mesosphere, limakwiriridwa, pamwamba siliwoneka konse. Zochitika zenizeni zikuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi pansipa.

Pamaso mawaya zodziwikiratu, mawaya ndi zofunika mkulu wa zokambirana mzere pasadakhale, athandizira ndi linanena bungwe mbali mzere sayenera moyandikana kufanana, kupewa kusokonezedwa kusinkhasinkha. Ngati ndi kotheka, zingwe pansi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudzipatula, ndi mawaya awiri zigawo moyandikana ayenera perpendicular wina ndi mzake, chifukwa zigawo kufanana amakonda kutulutsa parasitic lumikiza. Kugawa kwa mawaya odziwikiratu kumadalira masanjidwe abwino, malamulo a waya amatha kukhazikitsidwa pasadakhale, monga kuchuluka kwa mizere yopindika, kuchuluka kwa mabowo, kuchuluka kwa masitepe, ndi zina zambiri. Ndiko kupanga mawaya amtundu wofufuzira koyamba, kulumikiza chingwe chachifupi mwachangu, kupititsanso mawaya amtundu wa maze, kulumikizana komwe kumafuna nsalu kumapangitsa kukhathamiritsa kwa njira zapadziko lonse lapansi, kumatha kulumikiza chingwe chomwe chavala kale molingana ndi kufunikira ndikuyesanso kuyambiranso njira. , Sinthani zotsatira zake zonse.

Kwa masanjidwe, lamulo limodzi ndikusunga digito ndi analogi kukhala osiyana momwe mungathere, ndipo lamulo limodzi ndikusunga liwiro lotsika kutali ndi liwiro lalikulu. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ndikulekanitsa maziko a digito ndi maziko a analogi. Digital grounding ndichida chosinthira, ndipo pano ndiwokulirapo panthawi yakusinthaku, komanso yaying’ono kwambiri ikasuntha. Chifukwa chake, kuyika kwa digito sikungasakanizidwe ndi maziko a analogi. Mapangidwe ovomerezeka atha kuwoneka ngati omwe ali pansipa.

1. Kusamala kwa mawaya pakati pa magetsi ndi waya pansi

(1) Kuonjezera decoupling capacitance pakati pa magetsi ndi pansi waya. Onetsetsani kuti mulumikize magetsi ku pini ya chip pambuyo pa decoupling capacitor, chithunzi chotsatirachi chikulemba njira zingapo zolakwika zolumikizirana ndi njira yolumikizira yolondola, tikulozera ku yotsatira, kodi pali cholakwika chotere? Decoupling capacitor nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi ntchito ziwiri: imodzi ndiyo kupatsa chip ndi pompopompo pakali pano, pomwe inayo ndikuchotsa phokoso lamagetsi. Kumbali imodzi, phokoso lamagetsi liyenera kuchepetsedwa kuti likhudze chip, ndipo mbali inayi, phokoso lopangidwa ndi chip siliyenera kukhudza magetsi.

(2) momwe kungathekere kukulitsa magetsi ndi waya pansi, waya wabwino kwambiri wapansi ndi wokulirapo kuposa chingwe chamagetsi, ubale wake ndi: waya wapansi “mzere wamagetsi” chizindikiro.

(3) angagwiritse ntchito dera lalikulu la mkuwa wosanjikiza monga pansi, mu bolodi kusindikizidwa si ntchito mu malo ogwirizana ndi pansi, ntchito pansi, kapena zopangidwa ndi Mipikisano wosanjikiza, magetsi, pansi aliyense kutenga wosanjikiza.

2. Digital dera ndi analogi dera kusakaniza processing

Masiku ano, ma PCBS ambiri salinso mabwalo ogwiritsira ntchito limodzi, koma amapangidwa ndi makina osakanikirana a digito ndi analogi, kotero kusokoneza pakati pawo kuyenera kuganiziridwa poyendetsa, makamaka kusokoneza phokoso pansi.

Chifukwa cha mabwalo apamwamba a digito, kukhudzika kwa ma analogi ndi amphamvu, kwa mizere yolumikizira, chizindikiro chafupipafupi kwambiri momwe mungathere kutali ndi chipangizo chodziwika bwino cha analogi, koma kwa PCB yonse, waya wa PCB kupita kumayiko akunja akhoza kukhala ndi imodzi yokha. , kotero ziyenera kukhala mkati mwa PCB processing, dera digito ndi mavuto analogi dera, ndi mkati gulu gulu, Pansi pa dera la digito ndi nthaka ya dera la analogi ndizosiyana, pokhapokha pa mawonekedwe (plug, etc.) kumene PCB imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dziko lakunja. Pansi pa dera la digito ndifupikitsa pang’ono pamtunda wa dera la analogi, chonde dziwani kuti pali malo amodzi okha ogwirizanitsa, palinso malo osadziwika pa PCB, izi zimadalira dongosolo la dongosolo.

3. Kukonza ngodya za mzere

Kawirikawiri padzakhala kusintha kwa makulidwe pa ngodya ya mzere, koma pamene kukula kwa mzere kumasintha, padzakhala zochitika zina zowonetsera. Kwa kusiyanasiyana kwa makulidwe amizere, ngodya yolondola ndiyo yoyipa kwambiri, madigiri a 45 ndiabwino, ndipo ngodya zozungulira ndizabwino. Komabe, ngodya zozungulira ndizovuta pamapangidwe a PCB, chifukwa chake zimadziwika ndi kuzindikira kwa chizindikirocho. Nthawi zambiri, Angle ya 45 degree ndiyokwanira chizindikiro, ndipo mizere yovuta kwambiri ndiyomwe imafunikira ngodya zozungulira.

4. Yang’anani malamulo opangira mutatha kuyika mzere

Ziribe kanthu zomwe timachita, tiyenera kuziwona tikamaliza, monganso momwe tiyenera kuwonera mayankho athu ngati tatsala ndi nthawi yolemba mayeso, yomwe ndi njira yofunikira kuti ife tipeze mamaki apamwamba, ndipo ndi chimodzimodzi kwa ife kujambula matabwa PCB. Mwanjira imeneyi, titha kukhala otsimikiza kuti matabwa ozungulira omwe timajambula ndi zinthu zoyenerera. Kuyang’ana kwathu kwanthawi zonse kumakhala ndi izi:

(1) ngati mtunda pakati pa mzere ndi mzere, mzere ndi chigawo pedi, mzere ndi kudzera-dzenje, chigawo PAD ndi kudzera-dzenje, kudzera-dzenje ndi dzenje ndi wololera, kaya kukwaniritsa zofunika kupanga.

(2) Kaya m’lifupi mwa chingwe chamagetsi ndi chingwe chapansi ndi choyenera, kaya magetsi ndi chingwe chapansi ndi cholumikizidwa mwamphamvu (low wave impedance), komanso ngati pali malo mu PCB kuti chingwe chapansi chiwonjezeke.

(3) Kaya njira zabwino kwambiri zimatengedwa pazitsulo zazikuluzikulu, monga kutalika kwaufupi kwambiri, mizere yotetezera, mizere yolowera ndi mizere yotulutsa imasiyanitsidwa bwino.

(4) Dera la analogi ndi gawo la digito, kaya pali waya wodziyimira pawokha.

(5) Kaya zithunzi (monga ICONS ndi zolemba) zomwe zawonjezeredwa ku PCB zipangitsa kuti ziziyenda zazifupi.

(6) Sinthani mizere yosasangalatsa.

(7) Kaya ndondomeko mzere anawonjezera pa PCB, kaya kukana kuwotcherera akukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomeko kupanga, kaya kukana kuwotcherera kukula ndi koyenera, ndipo ngati chizindikiro khalidwe mbamuikha pa kuwotcherera PAD chipangizo, kotero kuti osati kukhudza ubwino wa zipangizo zamagetsi.

(8) Kaya kunja chimango m’mphepete mwa magetsi wosanjikiza mu bolodi Mipikisano wosanjikiza yafupika, monga zojambulazo mkuwa poyera kunja gulu la magetsi wosanjikiza n’zosavuta chifukwa dera lalifupi.

Zonse mwazonse, luso ndi njira zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizochitikira, zomwe ndizofunikira kuphunzira tikajambula bolodi la PCB. Pojambula PCB, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso zida zojambulira, tiyeneranso kukhala ndi chidziwitso cholimba chamalingaliro komanso luso lochita zambiri, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kumaliza mapu anu a PCB mwachangu komanso moyenera. Koma palinso mfundo yofunika kwambiri, ndiye kuti, tiyenera kukhala osamala, ngakhale kulumikizana kwa waya kapena kapangidwe kake sitepe iliyonse iyenera kukhala yosamala komanso yayikulu, chifukwa cholakwitsa chanu chaching’ono chimatha kuchititsa kuti chinthu chanu chomaliza chikhale chowononga, kenako osachipeza cholakwika pati, Chifukwa chake titha kukhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo kuti tiwunike bwino kuposa kubwerera mmbuyo kukawona ngati china chake chalakwika, zomwe zingatenge nthawi yochulukirapo. Mwachidule, ndondomeko ya PCB imamvetsera tsatanetsatane.