Introduction to general principles of PCB design

Placa de circuito impresso (PCB) é o suporte de componentes de circuito e componentes em produtos eletrônicos. Ele fornece conexões elétricas entre os elementos e dispositivos do circuito. With the rapid development of electronic technology, PCB density is getting higher and higher. A capacidade do design do PCB de resistir à interferência faz uma grande diferença. Practice has proved that even if the circuit schematic design is correct and the printed circuit board design is improper, the reliability of electronic products will be adversely affected. For example, if two thin parallel lines on a printed board are close together, there will be a delay in the signal waveform, resulting in reflected noise at the end of the transmission line. Therefore, when designing printed circuit board, we should pay attention to the correct method, comply with the general principle of PCB design, and should meet the requirements of anti-interference design.

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Princípios gerais de design de PCB

The layout of components and wiring is important for optimal performance of electronic circuits. In order to design PCB with good quality and low cost, the following general principles should be followed:

1. A fiação

Os princípios da fiação são os seguintes:

(1) Fios paralelos nos terminais de entrada e saída devem ser evitados tanto quanto possível. É melhor adicionar fio terra entre os fios para evitar o acoplamento de feedback.

(2) The minimum width of PCB wire is mainly determined by the adhesion strength between wire and insulating substrate and the value of current flowing through them. When the thickness of copper foil is 0.5mm and the width is 1 ~ 15mm, the current through 2A, the temperature will not be higher than 3℃. Therefore, the wire width of 1.5mm can meet the requirements. For integrated circuits, especially digital circuits, 0.02 ~ 0.3mm wire width is usually selected. Of course, whenever possible, use wide wires, especially power and ground cables. O espaçamento mínimo dos fios é determinado principalmente pela resistência de isolamento e tensão de ruptura entre os fios no pior caso. For integrated circuits, especially digital circuits, the spacing can be less than 5 ~ 8mil as long as the process permits.

(3) A curvatura do fio impresso geralmente assume um arco circular, e o ângulo reto ou ângulo incluído no circuito de alta frequência afetará o desempenho elétrico. In addition, avoid using large copper foil as far as possible, otherwise, when heated for a long time, copper foil is easy to expand and fall off. Quando grandes áreas de folha de cobre devem ser usadas, é melhor usar uma grade. Isso conduz à remoção da folha de cobre e da ligação do substrato entre o calor produzido pelo gás volátil.