Takeauki mai magana da Bluetooth azaman misali don haɗa ainihin ilimin PCB ƙira a cikin akwati mai aiki, da bayyana aiki da ƙwarewar aiki da ƙwarewar software na ƙirar PCB ta hanyar aiwatar da aiki. Wannan hanya za ta koyi ilimin da ke da alaƙa da wayoyin PCB ta hanyar yin bayani dalla -dalla da ƙa’idodin ƙirar wayoyi.

Mahimman bayanai na wannan binciken:

1. Siffar wayoyi da ka’idoji

2.PCB wayoyi na asali bukatun

3. Sarrafa impedance na PCB wayoyi

Matsalolin ilmantarwa a wannan lokacin:

1. Siffar wayoyi da ka’idoji

2. Sarrafa impedance na PCB wayoyi

1. Siffar wayoyi da ka’idoji

A cikin ƙirar PCB na gargajiya, wayoyin da ke kan jirgin kawai suna aiki azaman mai ɗaukar haɗin sigina, kuma injiniyan ƙirar PCB baya buƙatar yin la’akari da sigogin rarraba wayoyi.

Tare da saurin haɓaka masana’antar lantarki, bayanai na haɗiye daga fewan megabytes a kowane lokaci na raka’a, dubun megabytes zuwa ƙimar 10Gbit/s ya kawo saurin haɓaka ka’idar mai sauri, wayoyin PCB ba mai ɗaukar hoto mai sauƙi ba. , amma daga ka’idar layin watsawa don nazarin tasirin sigogi daban -daban na rarrabawa

A lokaci guda, rikitarwa da yawa na PCB yana ƙaruwa a lokaci guda, daga ƙirar rami na kowa zuwa ƙirar ramin micro zuwa ƙirar ramin makafi mai yawa, har yanzu akwai juriya da aka binne, akwati da aka binne, ƙirar ƙirar PCB mai yawa zuwa kawo manyan matsaloli a lokaci guda, suma suna buƙatar injiniyan ƙirar PCB mafi zurfin fahimtar sigogin aiwatar da samarwa da aiwatar da PCB.

Tare da haɓaka babban sauri da PCB mai yawa, injiniyoyin ƙirar PCB suna ƙara zama masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar kayan masarufi, yayin da ƙalubalen ƙira na PCB ke ƙaruwa da yawa, kuma injiniyoyin ƙira suna buƙatar sanin ƙarin abubuwan ilimi.

Na biyu, nau’in wayoyin PCB

Nau’ikan wayoyi akan allon PCB galibi sun haɗa da kebul na sigina, samar da wutar lantarki da waya ta ƙasa. Daga cikinsu layin siginar shine mafi yawan wayoyi, nau’in yafi. Har yanzu suna da layi ɗaya gwargwadon nau’in wayoyi, layin bambanci.

Dangane da tsarin jiki na wayoyi, ana kuma iya raba shi zuwa layin kintinkiri da layin microstrip.

Iii. Babban ilimin PCB wayoyi

Gabaɗaya wayoyin PCB suna da buƙatun asali masu zuwa:

(1) QFP, SOP da sauran fakitin fakitin madaidaiciya yakamata a fitar da su daga cibiyar PIN (gabaɗaya ta amfani da sifar sifa).

(2) Tufa (1) QFP, SOP da sauran fakitin fale -falen buraka daga waya, daga cibiyar PIN (gabaɗaya ta amfani da siffa. Nisa daga layin zuwa gefen farantin bazai zama ƙasa da 20MIL ba.

Lura: a cikin adadi na sama, ja shine MAFITA na firam ɗin jirgi na waje, kuma koren shine mai kula da duk yankin wayoyin hukumar (Routkeepin ya fi 20mil da ke kusa da OUTLINE).

Lura: Wannan gefen allon kuma ya haɗa da buɗe taga, ramin rami, tsani, yanki na bakin ciki ta hanyar injin sarrafa kayan masarufi.

(3) A ƙarƙashin na’urorin harsashi na ƙarfe, ba a yarda da sauran ramukan cibiyar sadarwa ba, da kuma wayoyi na ƙasa (bawo na ƙarfe na yau da kullun sun haɗa da oscillator crystal, baturi, da sauransu)

(4) Wayoyi ba za su sami kurakurai na DRC ba, gami da kuskuren DRC na cibiyar sadarwa iri ɗaya, ban da ƙira mai dacewa, sai dai kurakuran DRC da ke haifar da kunshin kanta.)

(5) Babu hanyar sadarwar da ba ta da haɗin kai bayan ƙirar PCB, kuma cibiyar sadarwar PCB yakamata ta kasance daidai da zanen kewaye.

Ba a yarda ya halarci Dangline ba.

(7) Idan ya bayyana sarai cewa pads marasa aiki basa buƙatar a riƙe su, dole ne a cire su daga fayil ɗin zane mai haske.

(8) Ana ba da shawarar kada a fara rabin nisa daga babban kifi 2MM

(9) An ba da shawarar yin amfani da wayoyi na ciki don igiyoyin sigina

(10) Ana ba da shawarar cewa a kiyaye madaidaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko jirgin ƙasa na yankin siginar siginar sauri har zuwa yiwu

(11) An ba da shawarar cewa a rarraba wiring daidai. Ya kamata a ajiye jan ƙarfe a manyan wurare ba tare da wayoyi ba, amma bai kamata a shafi kulawar hanawar ba

(12) An ba da shawarar cewa duk wiring ya kamata a haɗa shi, kuma kusurwar kusurwa ita ce 45 °

(13) An ba da shawarar hana layin sigina daga ƙirƙirar madaukai na kai tare da tsawon gefe sama da 200ML a cikin yadudduka masu kusa.

(14) An ba da shawarar cewa shugabanci na wayoyi na yadudduka na kusa ya zama tsarin orthogonal

Lura: Wajibi ne a kaurace wa wayoyin da ke makwaftaka a hanya guda don rage zancen giciye tsakanin yadudduka. Idan ba za a iya gujewa ba, musamman lokacin da siginar siginar ta yi yawa, yakamata a yi la’akari da jirgin ƙasa don ware kowane layin waya, kuma siginar ƙasa ya ware kowane layin siginar.

4. Sarrafa impedance na PCB wayoyi

Bayani: An raba faɗin layi a cikin sarrafa PCB zuwa sassa biyu, faɗin saman saman da faɗin ƙasa.

Tsarin zane na lissafin impedance na layin microstrip siginar guda ɗaya:

Tsarin zane na lissafin impedance na layin microstrip siginar bambanci:

Tsarin zane na lissafin impedance na tsiri na siginar ƙarewa ɗaya:

Jadawalin zane na lissafin impedance line band na siginar bambanci:

Tsarin zane na lissafin impedance na layin microstrip siginar da ta ƙare (tare da waya ta ƙasa):

Tsarin zane na lissafin impedance na layin microstrip na siginar banbanci (tare da waya ta ƙasa ta coplanar):

Wannan shine taƙaitaccen wayoyi da ƙa’idodin ALLEgro don software na ƙirar PCB.