Kuninzi lwamacandelo e-elektroniki, ane-polarity, okanye izikhonkwane azikwazi ukuthengiswa ngokungalunganga. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba i-electrolytic capacitor idityaniswe ngasemva, iya kuqhuma xa inamandla. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa usebenzisa oomatshini bokutyisa abazenzekelayo ukudibanisa amacandelo ebhodi yesekethe, akuyi kubakho ngxaki yokubeka izinto ngendlela engafanelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwabavelisi kunye neempawu zamacandelo, ayingawo onke amacandelo anokuthi afakwe ngokuzenzekelayo okanye afakwe. Ukubekwa kwezandla okuqhelekileyo kuyafuneka kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo ezixhonywe phezulu, izihlanganisi, kwiisekethe ezihlanganisiweyo ezihlanganisiweyo, njl. Ezi zixhobo zisenokuba nengxaki yempazamo yendibano. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngesandla, kwaye eli khonkco likwajongene nengxaki ye-welding reverse. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa indlela yokubeka amacandelo kunye nobudlelwane obuhambelanayo phakathi kweepads zecandelo kunye nokuprintwa kwesikrini sesilika kwibhodi yesekethe.

1. Ukubanakho
Kwi-capacitor ye-electrolytic efakwe kwi-aluminium ngokusebenzisa umngxuma oboniswe kumzobo ongezantsi, izibonda ezilungileyo kunye nezibi zibonakaliswa ngokubanzi ngeenyawo ezide kunye nezifutshane kunye nophawu emzimbeni. Umlenze omde u-positive kwaye umlenze omfutshane une-negative. Ngokubanzi, kukho imivumbo emhlophe okanye eminye enxusene nephini kwiqokobhe lecala elibi.
I-electrolytic capacitor kwibhodi yesiphaluka iphawulwe ngokubanzi nge-polarity njengoko kuboniswe kumzobo.
Enye indlela kukuphawula uphawu “+” ngokuthe ngqo kwicala elivumayo. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba kulungele ukujonga i-polarity emva kwe-welding. Ukungalungi kukuba ithatha indawo enkulu yebhodi yesekethe. Indlela yesibini kukugcwalisa indawo apho i-electrode engalunganga ikhona kunye nesikrini sesilika. Lo mboniso we-polarity uthatha indawo encinci yebhodi yesiphaluka, kodwa kungenakulungeleka ukujonga i-polarity emva kwe-welding. Iqhelekile ngamaxesha anoxinaniso oluphezulu lwezixhobo zebhodi yesekethe ezifana nebhodi yomama yekhompyuter.
I-Tantalum capacitors efakwe emingxunyeni iphawulwa ngokubanzi ngo-“+” emzimbeni kwicala elihle, kwaye ezinye iindidi ziphinde zahlulwe ngeenyawo ezinde nezimfutshane.
Indlela yokumakisha kwibhodi yesiphaluka yale capacitor ingabhekisela kwi-aluminium electrolytic capacitor.
Kumphezulu onyusiweyo we-aluminium electrolytic capacitors. Icala eliqatywe nge-inki yipali ekhabayo, kwaye isiseko esikwicala lepali e-positive ngokuqhelekileyo sichamfelwe.
Kwi Ishicilelwe yiBhodi yeSekethe, ngokuqhelekileyo iboniswe kumzobo ongentla
Oko kukuthi ukusebenzisa isikrini sesilika “+” kwibhodi yesekethe ukumela i-pole positive, kwaye uzobe ulwandlalo lwesixhobo ngexesha elinye. Ngale ndlela, icala le-chamfered lingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga i-electrode efanelekileyo.

Umphezulu odityaniselwe i-tantalum capacitor

2. I-Diode
Kwiidiode ezikhupha ukukhanya, izikhonkwane ezide kunye nezifutshane zisetyenziselwa ukumela izibonda ezilungileyo kunye nezibi. Iphini elide li-positive kwaye iphini elifutshane li-negative. Ngamanye amaxesha umenzi uya kunqumla kancinci kwicala elinye le-LED, enokuthi isetyenziswe ukumela i-electrode engalunganga.

Isikrini se-silk “+” sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwibhodi yesiphaluka ukubonisa i-electrode efanelekileyo.
Kwiidiode eziqhelekileyo

Kulo mzobo ungentla, icala lasekhohlo yipali engalunganga kwaye icala lasekunene yipali evumayo, oko kukuthi, ukuprintwa kwesikrini sesilika okanye iglasi engcolileyo isetyenziselwa ukumela i-polarity elungileyo nengalunganga. Ezi ndlela zimbini zilandelayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukumela i-polarity entle kunye nembi kwibhodi yesekethe.

I-polarity ye-diode iboniswa ngesikrini sesilika kwibhodi yesiphaluka. Oku kucace ngakumbi. Enye kukuzoba iisimboli ezicwangcisiweyo zeediode ngqo kwiscreen sesilika ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-polarity ye-LED efakwe phezulu kubhideka kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukubonakaliswa okwahlukeneyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepakethe kumenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukupeyinta amabala ombala okanye imichilo yombala kwicala le-cathode le-diode ekhupha ukukhanya. Kukho neekona ezisikwe kwicala le-cathode.
I-polarity ye-diode iboniswa ngesikrini sesilika kwibhodi yesiphaluka. Oku kucace ngakumbi. Enye kukuzoba iisimboli ezicwangcisiweyo zeediode ngqo kwibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo yesikrini.
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-polarity ye-LED efakwe phezulu kubhideka kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukubonakaliswa okwahlukeneyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepakethe kumenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kuqhelekile ukupeyinta amabala ombala okanye imichilo yombala kwicala le-cathode le-diode ekhupha ukukhanya. Kukho neekona ezisikwe kwicala le-cathode.

Iidiode zokubeka umphezulu eziqhelekileyo zikwasebenzisa ukuprintwa kwesikrini sesilika okanye iglasi enebala emzimbeni ukumela i-electrode engalunganga.

Isekethe edibeneyo
Ukudipha kwaye kupakishwe iisekethe ezidityanisiweyo ezinezikhonkwane ezisasazwe kumacala omabini, inotshi ephezulu yesemicircular isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukubonisa ukuba eli lathiso lingaphezulu kwetshiphu, kwaye iphini lokuqala elingasentla ekhohlo liphini lokuqala letshiphu. Kwakhona kuboniswa ngumgca othe tye phezulu kunye ne-silk screen printing okanye i-laser.

Ukongeza, kukho amachaphaza esikrini sesilika ngokuthe ngqo emzimbeni ecaleni kwepini yokuqala ye-chip okanye ukucinezela umngxuma ngokuthe ngqo ngexesha lokubumba inaliti.
Ezinye iisekethe ezidibeneyo nazo zimelwe ngokusika i-beveled edge kumzimba wecala lokuqala lepini yokuqala.

Iimpawu zolu hlobo lwesekethe edibeneyo kwibhodi yesekethe ngokuqhelekileyo iphawulwe nge-gap phezulu.
I-QFP, i-PLCC kunye ne-BGA kwiphakheji ye-tetragonal.
Iisekethe ezihlanganisiweyo ze-QFP zihlala zisebenzisa amachaphaza e-concave, amachaphaza esikrini sesilika, okanye ushicilelo lwesikrini sesilika ngokwemodeli ukugweba isalathiso kumzimba ohambelana nephini lokuqala. Abanye basebenzisa indlela yokusika i-engile ukumela unyawo lokuqala. Ngeli xesha, ulwalathiso oluchasene ne-clockwise lunyawo lokuqala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kukho imingxuma emithathu kwi-chip, ngoko ke ikona ngaphandle kwemigodi ihambelana necala elisezantsi le-chip.

Ngenxa yokuba umzimba wephakheji ye-PLCC mkhulu kakhulu, uboniswa ngokubanzi ngemigodi ngokuthe ngqo ekuqaleni kwephini lokuqala. Abanye baphinde banqumle iikona phezulu ekhohlo kwitshiphu.

BGA epakishwe into
Ukupakishwa kwe-BGA akusebenzisi kuphela i-foil yobhedu ehlanganiswe ngegolide kwikona esezantsi ekhohlo ukumela i-pin yokuqala, kodwa isebenzisa indlela yeekona ezilahlekileyo, imigodi kunye namachaphaza esikrini sesilika ukumela isalathiso sephini lokuqala.
Imizobo kwibhodi yesekethe ehambelanayo zezi zilandelayo
Umlenze wokuqala uphathwa ngamachaphaza esikrini sesilika kunye neekona ezilahlekileyo.

4. ezinye izixhobo

Kwinto yokwenyani, isinxibelelanisi silawula ngokubanzi isalathiso ngokubeka inotshi. Kukho nabo babhala u-1 kufutshane nonyawo lokuqala okanye basebenzise unxantathu ukumela unyawo lokuqala. Ngokubanzi, ezinye izixhobo zinqanda ukufakwa okungalunganga ngokuzoba isikrini sesilika esihambelana nento yokwenyani kwi ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo.
Ukususwa kokumelana nokufakwa komngxuma, kubonakaliswa ngokubanzi ngokusonga isiphelo esiqhelekileyo ngesikrini sesilika kwibhodi yesekethe. Okanye bhala u-1 kufutshane nonyawo lokuqala.
Ukuze ulungelelanise iimfuno zepadi, ukuprintwa kwesikrini sesilika kunye nokuchaswa kwe-welding yamacandelo kwibhodi yesekethe, umbutho we-IPC ukhuphe imigangatho emibini ehambelanayo: ipc-7351 kunye ne-ipc-sm-840. Nangona kunjalo, kusetyenziso lokwenyani, iisimboli zokumakisha indlela yesixhobo eyenziwe yindlela yokubonisa isalathiso sesixhobo esichazwe yi-IPC zihlala zivaliwe ngumzimba wesixhobo emva kwe-welding, engafanelekanga ukuba ihlolwe. Uyilo lwegraphic pad yecandelo kufuneka luhlengahlengiswe ngokweyona meko.
Ngamafutshane, kwizinto zokwenyani, izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ngokubanzi zisebenzisa iindlela zeenyawo ezinde nezimfutshane, ukuprintwa kwesikrini sesilika okanye umbala ukumela i-polarity. Kwiisekethe ezidibeneyo, amanqaku e-concave, ukuprintwa kwesikrini sesilika, iinotshi, iikona ezilahlekileyo, imiphetho elahlekileyo okanye isalathisi esithe ngqo sihlala sisetyenziselwa ukuphawula iphini lokuqala. Xa usenza imizobo ye-pad, gabalala gabalala ngokwemilo yesixhobo kangangoko unako, kwaye ubonise ulwazi olunxulumene nokumiswa kwimilo yesixhobo ngokwemo yesikrini sesilika kangangoko, ukuze uthintele iimpazamo xa udityaniswa kunye nokuwelda.