In PCB design, kunezindawo eziningi ezidinga ukucabangela ibanga lokuphepha. Lapha, ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezimbili okwamanje: esisodwa esokugunyazwa kokuphepha okuhlobene nogesi, kanti esinye esokugunyazwa kwezokuphepha okungahlobene nogesi.

1. Ibanga lokuphepha elihlobene nogesi
1. Isikhala phakathi kwezintambo

Mayelana namakhono okucubungula abakhiqizi be-PCB abajwayelekile, isikhala esincane phakathi kwezintambo akufanele sibe ngaphansi kuka-4mil. Ibanga eliphansi lomugqa liphinde libe yibanga ukusuka emgqeni ukuya emgqeni kanye nomugqa ukuya kuphedi. Ngokombono wokukhiqiza, okukhulu kuba ngcono uma kungenzeka, kuvame kakhulu ngu-10mil.

2. Isikhala sephedi nobubanzi bephedi

Mayelana namakhono okucubungula abakhiqizi be-PCB abajwayelekile, uma indawo yokumboza iphedi ibholwa ngomshini, ubuncane akumele bube ngaphansi kuka-0.2mm, futhi uma kusetshenziswa ukumba nge-laser, ubuncane akumele bube ngaphansi kuka-4mil. Ukubekezelela imbobo kuhluke kancane kuye ngepuleti, ngokuvamile kungalawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-0.05mm, futhi ububanzi bephedi obuncane akumele bube ngaphansi kuka-0.2mm.

3. Ibanga phakathi kwephedi nephedi

Mayelana namakhono okucubungula abakhiqizi be-PCB abajwayelekile, ibanga phakathi kwamaphedi namaphedi akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-0.2mm.

4. Ibanga phakathi kwesikhumba sethusi kanye nomphetho webhodi

Ibanga phakathi kwesikhumba sethusi esishajiwe kanye nomphetho webhodi le-PCB kungcono lingabi ngaphansi kuka-0.3mm. Setha imithetho yesikhala ekhasini lebhodi le-Design-Rules-Board.

Uma kuyindawo enkulu yethusi, ngokuvamile idinga ukuhoxiswa onqenqemeni lwebhodi, ngokuvamile isethwe ku-20mil. Embonini yokuklama neyokukhiqiza ye-PCB, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ngenxa yokucatshangelwa kwemishini kwebhodi lesifunda eliqediwe, noma ukugwema ukugoqa noma ukufinyela kukagesi ngenxa yesikhumba sethusi esisobala emaphethelweni ebhodi, onjiniyela bavame ukusabalalisa ithusi indawo enkulu Ibhulokhi iyancipha ngamamitha angu-20 ngokuphathelene nomkhawulo webhodi, esikhundleni sokusabalalisa ithusi emaphethelweni ebhodi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nalolu hlobo lwe-copper shrinkage, njengokudweba ungqimba lokugcina onqenqemeni lwebhodi, bese ubeka ibanga phakathi kwe-copper paving kanye ne-keepout. Nansi indlela elula yokusetha amabanga ahlukene okuphepha ezinto ezigandaywe ngethusi. Isibonelo, ibanga lokuphepha lebhodi lonke lisethelwe ku-10mil, futhi ukugandaywa kwethusi kusethelwe ku-20mil, futhi umphumela we-20mil shrinkage wonqenqema lwebhodi ungafinyelelwa. Ithusi elifile elingase livele ocingweni liyasuswa.

2. Imvume yokuphepha engasebenzisi ugesi
1. Ububanzi bezinhlamvu, ubude kanye nesikhala

Ifilimu yombhalo ayikwazi ukushintshwa ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, kodwa ububanzi bomugqa wezinhlamvu we-D-CODE ngaphansi kuka-0.22mm (8.66mil) bugqinsisiwe ukuze bube ngu-0.22mm, okungukuthi, ububanzi bomugqa wezinhlamvu L=0.22mm (8.66mil), futhi lonke uhlamvu Ububanzi=W1.0mm, ukuphakama kwalo lonke uhlamvu H=1.2mm, kanye nesikhala phakathi kwezinhlamvu D=0.2mm. Uma umbhalo umncane kunezinga elingenhla, ukucubungula nokuphrinta kuzofiphaliswa.

2. Isikhala phakathi kwembobo kanye nembobo (umphetho wembobo ukuya onqenqemeni lwembobo)

Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-vias (VIA) kanye ne-vias (unqenqema lwembobo ukuya onqenqemeni lomgodi) likhulu kakhulu kuno-8mil.

3. Ibanga ukusuka esikrinini sikasilika ukuya kuphedi

Isikrini sikasilika asivunyelwe ukumboza iphedi. Ngoba uma isikrini sikasilika simbozwe ngephedi, isikrini sikasilika ngeke sifakwe ithini ngesikhathi sokuthayela, okuzothinta ukukhwezwa kwengxenye. Ngokuvamile, ifekthri yebhodi idinga isikhala esingu-8mil ukuze sigcinwe. Uma indawo ye-PCB inomkhawulo ngempela, i-pitch engu-4mil ayamukeleki neze. Uma isikrini sikasilika sivala ngephutha iphedi ngesikhathi sokuklama, ifektri yebhodi izosusa ngokuzenzakalelayo ingxenye yesikrini sikasilika esishiywe kuphedi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iphedi ifakwe ithini.

Yiqiniso, izimo ezithile zihlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe ngesikhathi sokuklama. Ngezinye izikhathi isikrini sikasilika sisondele ngamabomu ku-pad, ngoba lapho amaphedi amabili esondelene kakhulu, isikrini se-silika esiphakathi singavimbela ngokuphumelelayo uxhumano lwe-solder kusukela ekujikelezeni okuncane ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa. Lesi simo singolunye udaba.

4. Ubude be-3D nesikhala esivundlile esakhiweni esiwumshini

Uma ukhweza amadivayisi ku-PCB, cabanga ukuthi kuzoba khona yini ukungqubuzana nezinye izakhiwo zemishini endaweni evundlile kanye nokuphakama kwesikhala. Ngakho-ke, lapho uklama, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ngokugcwele ukuguquguquka phakathi kwezingxenye, umkhiqizo we-PCB negobolondo lomkhiqizo, kanye nesakhiwo sesikhala, futhi ugcine ibanga eliphephile lento ngayinye eqondiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukungqubuzana emkhathini.