Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukwenza a Ibhodi PCB kukuguqula umzobo oyilelweyo ube yibhodi yesekethe yePCB yokwenyani. Nceda ungayijongeli phantsi le nkqubo. Zininzi izinto ezisebenza ngokwemigaqo kodwa kunzima ukuziphumeza kubunjineli, okanye Yintoni abanye abanokuyifeza, abanye abanako. Ngoko ke, akukho nzima ukwenza ibhodi PCB, kodwa akukho lula ukwenza ibhodi PCB kakuhle.

Obu bunzima bumbini kwinkalo ye-microelectronics kukusetyenzwa kwemiqondiso ye-frequency ephezulu kunye neempawu ezibuthathaka. Kule nkalo, umgangatho wemveliso ye-PCB ibaluleke kakhulu. Uyilo lomgaqo ofanayo, amacandelo afanayo, kunye neePCB eziveliswa ngabantu abohlukeneyo zineziphumo ezahlukeneyo. , Ke singayenza njani ibhodi yePCB elungileyo? Ngokusekwe kumava ethu adlulileyo, ndingathanda ukuthetha ngeembono zam ngale miba ilandelayo:

1. Iinjongo zoyilo kufuneka zicace

Ukufumana umsebenzi woyilo, kufuneka siqale sicacise iinjongo zayo zokuyila, nokuba ibhodi ye-PCB eqhelekileyo, ibhodi ye-PCB ephakamileyo, ibhodi encinci ye-PCB yokucwangcisa, okanye ibhodi ye-PCB ene-frequency ephezulu kunye ne-signal processing encinci. Ukuba ibhodi PCB eqhelekileyo, Logama nje ubeko kunye neengcingo zifanelekile kwaye zicocekile, kwaye imilinganiselo yomatshini ichanekile, ukuba kukho imigca yomthwalo ophakathi kunye nemigca emide, amanyathelo athile kufuneka asetyenziswe ukunciphisa umthwalo, kunye nobude obude. umgca kufuneka womelezelwe ukuqhuba, kwaye ugxininiso kukuthintela ukubonakaliswa komgca omde.

Xa kukho imigca yesiginali ngaphezulu kwe-40MHz ebhodini, ingqwalasela eyodwa kufuneka yenziwe kule migca yemiqondiso, efana ne-crosstalk phakathi kwemigca. Ukuba i-frequency iphezulu, kuya kubakho izithintelo ezingqongqo kubude be-wiring. Ngokutsho kwethiyori yenethiwekhi yeeparamitha ezisasazwayo, ukusebenzisana phakathi kweesekethe zesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-wiring yazo yinto eqinisekileyo kwaye ayinakuhoywa kuyilo lwenkqubo. Njengoko isantya sokuhanjiswa kwesango sanda, ukuchasana kwimigca yesignali kuya kwanda ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye i-crosstalk phakathi kwemigca yesignali esondeleyo iya kwanda ngokulinganayo. Ngokubanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokuchithwa kobushushu kwiisekethe ezinesantya esiphezulu nazo zinkulu kakhulu, ngoko senza iiPCB ezinesantya esiphezulu. Ingqalelo eyaneleyo kufuneka ihlawulwe.

Xa kukho i-millivolt okanye i-microvolt-level ebuthakathaka iimpawu ebhodini, le migca yesignali idinga ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Iimpawu ezincinci zibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye zisengozini yokuphazamiseka kwezinye iimpawu ezinamandla. Amanyathelo okukhusela ahlala eyimfuneko, kungenjalo baya kunciphisa kakhulu umlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo. Ngenxa yoko, isignali eluncedo igxininiswe ingxolo kwaye ayikwazi ukukhutshwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukugunyaziswa kwebhodi kufuneka kwakhona kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwinqanaba loyilo. Indawo ebonakalayo yendawo yokuvavanya, ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo yokuvavanya kunye nezinye izinto azikwazi ukunyanzeliswa, kuba ezinye iimpawu ezincinci kunye neempawu eziphezulu ze-frequency azikwazi ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-probe yokulinganisa.

Ukongezelela, ezinye izinto ezinxulumene nazo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezifana nenani leengqimba zebhodi, imilo yephakheji yamacandelo asetyenzisiweyo, kunye namandla omatshini ebhodi. Ngaphambi kokwenza ibhodi yePCB, kufuneka ube nombono olungileyo weenjongo zoyilo loyilo.

2. Qonda iimfuno zoyilo kunye nendlela yokwenza imisebenzi yamacandelo asetyenzisiweyo

Siyazi ukuba amanye amacandelo akhethekileyo aneemfuno ezizodwa kwi-layout kunye neengcingo, ezifana ne-analog signal amplifiers esetyenziswa yi-LOTI kunye ne-APH. I-analog signal amplifiers ifuna amandla azinzileyo kunye ne-ripple encinci. Gcina inxalenye ye-analog encinci yesignali kude kude nesixhobo samandla kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwibhodi ye-OTI, indawo encinci yokukhulisa umqondiso ikwaxhotyiswe ngokukodwa ngekhaka lokukhusela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic elahlekileyo. I-chip ye-GLINK esetyenziswe kwibhodi ye-NTOI isebenzisa iteknoloji ye-ECL, edla amandla amaninzi kwaye ivelise ukushisa. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe kwingxaki yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kwi-layout. Ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bendalo kusetyenziswa, i-chip ye-GLINK kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ene-air circulation. , Kwaye ubushushu obushushu abunakuba nefuthe elikhulu kwezinye chips. Ukuba ibhodi ixhotyiswe ngezithethi okanye ezinye izixhobo eziphezulu zamandla, inokubangela ukungcoliseka okukhulu kunikezelo lwamandla. Le ngongoma nayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.

Okwesithathu, ukuqwalaselwa koyilo lwecandelo

Into yokuqala ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwi-layout yamacandelo kukusebenza kombane. Beka amacandelo anodibaniso olusondeleyo kunye kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngakumbi kwimigca ethile enesantya esiphezulu, yenze ibe mfutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha loyilo, isignali yamandla kunye neenxalenye zeempawu ezincinci eziza kwahlulwa. Kwisiseko sokuhlangana nokusebenza kwesekethe, amacandelo kufuneka abekwe ngokucocekileyo nangobuhle, kwaye kulula ukuvavanya. Ubungakanani bomatshini bebhodi kunye nendawo yesokhethi kufuneka kwakhona kuqwalaselwe ngokucophelela.

Ukumiselwa komhlaba kunye nexesha lokulibaziseka kokudluliselwa kumgca wokudibanisa kwi-high-speed system nazo zizinto zokuqala eziza kuqwalaselwa kuyilo lwenkqubo. Ixesha lokuhambisa kumgca wesignali linempembelelo enkulu kwisantya senkqubo yonke, ngakumbi kwiisekethe ze-ECL ezikhawulezayo. Nangona ibhloko yesekethe edibeneyo ngokwayo ikhawuleza kakhulu, kungenxa yokusetyenziswa kwemigca yokudibanisa eqhelekileyo kwi-backplane (ubude bomgca we-30cm nganye malunga Ubungakanani bokulibaziseka kwe-2ns) kwandisa ixesha lokulibaziseka, elinokunciphisa kakhulu isantya senkqubo. . Njengeerejista zokutshintsha, izixhobo zokubala ezihambelanayo kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo ezihambelanayo zibekwe kakuhle kwibhodi enye yeplagi, kuba ixesha lokulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kwewotshi kwiibhodi ezahlukeneyo zeplagi alilingani, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba irejista yokutshintsha ivelise impazamo enkulu. Kwibhodi enye, apho ungqamaniso luyisitshixo, ubude bemigca yewotshi eqhagamshelwe kumthombo wewotshi eqhelekileyo kwiiplagi-in iibhodi kufuneka zilingane.