Choyamba: kukonzekera. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukonzekera malaibulale osiyanasiyana ndi masamu. “Kuti muchite ntchito yabwino, choyamba muyenera kunola chida chake”, kuti apange bolodi labwino, kuphatikiza pamalingaliro opanga bwino, komanso kujambula bwino. Before PCB mamangidwe, laibulale yachigawo ya schematic SCH ndi library library ya PCB iyenera kukonzekera kaye. Malaibulale a Peotel atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza laibulale yoyenera, ndibwino kuti mupange laibulale yanu malinga ndi kukula kwakanthawi kwa chipangizocho. Mwakutero, pangani laibulale yamagulu a PCB poyamba, kenako laibulale ya SCH. Zofunikira pa laibulale ya PCB ndizokwera, zimakhudza kukhazikitsa kwa board; Zofunikira za library za SCH ndizosasunthika, bola chidwi chimaperekedwa kutanthauzira kwa zikwangwani za pini ndi ubale womwewo ndi zida za PCB. PS: Onani zikhomo zobisika mulaibulale yanthawi zonse. Ndiye kapangidwe koyeserera, kokonzeka kupanga kapangidwe ka PCB.

Chachiwiri: Mapangidwe a PCB. Mu gawo ili, malinga ndi kukula kwa bolodi la dera ndi mawonekedwe amakanema, PCB board pamwamba imakopeka ndi kapangidwe ka PCB, ndi zolumikizira, mabatani / ma swichi, mabowo opangira, mabowo amisonkhano ndi zina zotero zimayikidwa malingana ndi malo omwe mukufuna. Ndipo ganizirani mozama ndikudziwitseni malo oyimitsira mawaya komanso malo opanda waya (monga kuchuluka kwa bowo loyenda mozungulira malo opanda waya).

Chachitatu: Makhalidwe a PCB. Kapangidwe kake kakuyika zida p bolodi. Pakadali pano, ngati ntchito yonse yokonzekera yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambayi yachitika, tebulo la netiweki limatha kupangidwa pazithunzi (Design->; Pangani Netlist), kenako tumizani tebulo lapa netiweki pa PCB (design-gt; Maukonde Onyamula). Onani chipwirikiti cha mulu wonsewo, pakati pa zikhomo ndi kulumikizana kwa mzere wouluka. Mutha kuyala chipangizocho. Kapangidwe kake kamachitika malinga ndi mfundo izi:

(1). Malinga ndi magwiridwe amagetsi magawano oyenera, omwe amagawika m’magawo: dera lama digito (kuwopa kusokonezedwa, ndi kusokonezedwa), dera lachigawo cha analog (kuwopa kusokonezedwa), malo oyendetsa magetsi (gwero losokoneza);

(2). Malizitsani ntchito yofananayo, iziyikidwa pafupi kwambiri momwe zingathere, ndikusintha zinthuzo kuti zithandizire kulumikizana kosavuta; Nthawi yomweyo, sintha mawonekedwe apakati pazigawo zogwirira ntchito kuti kulumikizana pakati pazigawo zogwirira ntchito ndikosavuta kwambiri;

(3). Kukhazikitsa malo ndi kuyika koyenera kuyenera kuganiziridwa pazinthu zazikuluzikulu; Chowotcha chiyenera kupatulidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zotentha, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, njira zotumizira zotentha ziyenera kuganiziridwa;

(4). Chipangizo choyendetsa cha I / O chili pafupi kwambiri ndi m’mphepete mwa mbale yosindikizira, pafupi ndi cholumikizira;

(5). Jenereta wa wotchi (monga: oscillator wamakristalo kapena oscillator wa wotchi) ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chipangizocho pogwiritsa ntchito wotchi;

6. Pazigawo zonse zophatikizika pakati pa pini yolowetsera magetsi ndi nthaka, amafunika kuwonjezera chowongolera chosinthira (chimagwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi chabwino monolithic capacitor); Tantalum capacitor itha kuyikidwanso mozungulira ma circuits angapo ophatikizika pomwe bolodi la dera ndi lolimba.

Eni malo onse. Kulandirana koyilo kuwonjezera kumaliseche diode (1N4148 kungakhale);

Lero. Zofunikira pakapangidwe ziyenera kukhala zoyeserera, zolimba komanso zadongosolo, osati zolemetsa kapena zolemera

– Tiyenera kusamala kwambiri, m’malo mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu, zigawo zikuluzikulu ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakukula kwake (m’deralo ndi kutalika kwake) ndi malo omwe ali pakati pazigawozo, kuwonetsetsa kuthekera kwamagetsi ndikupanga ma board board komanso kukhala kosavuta nthawi yomweyo, kuyenera kukhala maziko a chitsimikiziro mfundo yomwe ili pamwambayi kuti iwunikire, kusintha koyenera kusinthira, Muzipanga zaukhondo komanso zokongola, monga chida chomwecho chiyenera kuikidwa moyenera komanso mozungulira, osati “kubalalika mwachisawawa”.

Gawo ili likukhudzana ndi kuvuta kwa gulu limodzi ndi digiri ina ya wiring, ndikufuna kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti muganizire choncho. Pakapangidwe, kakhoza kupanga zingwe zoyambirira osati malo ovomerezeka, kulingalira kokwanira.

Chachinayi: kulumikiza. Kulumikizana ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwa PCB. Izi zidzakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a PCB board. M’kati kapangidwe PCB, Kulumikizana ambiri ali magulu atatu a magawano: woyamba ndi yogawa, ndilo lamulo zofunika kwambiri za kapangidwe PCB. Ngati mzere sindiwo nsalu, kufika paliponse ndikuwuluka, ikhala bolodi yosayenerera, itha kunena kuti palibe cholowera. Chachiwiri ndichokhutira ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Uwu ndiye muyezo woyesa ngati bolodi losindikizidwa lili loyenerera. Izi zitatha kugawidwa, sinthani mosamala zingwezo, kuti zithe kugwira bwino ntchito zamagetsi. Ndiye pali zokongoletsa. Ngati nsalu yanu yolumikizidwa idalumikizidwa, musakhale ndi malo omwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, koma muziyang’ana mopyola muyeso, onjezani zokongola, zowala, zomwe zimawerengera momwe magwiridwe antchito anu amagetsi aliri abwino, akadakhala zinyalala m’maso mwa ena. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta pakuyesa ndi kukonza. Kulumikizana kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso yunifolomu, osadutsa popanda malamulo. Zonsezi ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa potengera kuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi akugwira ntchito ndikwaniritsa zofunikira zina, apo ayi ndikusiya zomwe zili. Kulumikizana kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi mfundo izi:

(1). Mwambiri, chingwe chamagetsi ndi chingwe pansi chimayenera kuyendetsedwa kaye kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito a bolodi. Potengera momwe mkhalidwewo ungalolere, kukulitsa mphamvu zamagetsi, waya wapadziko lonse momwe zingathere, ndibwino kuti waya wapansi azikhala wokulirapo kuposa mzere wamagetsi, ubale wawo ndi: waya wapansi> chingwe champhamvu> mzere wazizindikiro, nthawi zambiri mzere wazizindikiro ndi : 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, m’lifupi woonda angafikire 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, mphamvu mzere ndi 1.2 ~ 2.5mm ambiri. PCB yoyendetsa digito itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda ndi oyendetsa pansi, ndiye kuti netiweki yapansi. (Malo a Analogi sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito motere.)

(2). Zisanachitike, zofunikira pama waya (monga mzere wama frequency) wa zingwe, zolowetsa ndi kutulutsa mzere mbali ziyenera kupewa kufanana moyandikana, kuti zisasokoneze chinyezimiro. Ngati ndi kotheka, waya wapansi uyenera kuwonjezedwa kuti azitsekerera, ndipo kulumikizana kwa zigawo ziwiri zoyandikana kuyenera kukhala kofanana, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kutulutsa kulumikizana kwa majeremusi chimodzimodzi.

(3). Nyumba ya oscillator iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo mzere wa wotchi uyenera kukhala waufupi momwe ungathere, osafalikira ponseponse. Pansi pamasekondi oyenda, gawo lapamwamba kwambiri lalingaliro liyenera kukulitsa nthaka, ndipo lisapite kumizere ina, kotero kuti magetsi ozungulira amakhala zero;

(4). Pofuna kuchepetsa cheza cha frequency frequency, 45O mzere wosweka uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere, m’malo mwa 90O mzere wosweka. (Zofunika kwambiri pamzerewu zimagwiritsanso ntchito arc iwiri)

(5). Mzere uliwonse wazizindikiro suyenera kupanga kuzungulira, ngati sikungapeweke, kuzungulira kuyenera kukhala kocheperako momwe zingathere; Chizindikiro chopyola mu bowo chizikhala chocheperako;

6. Mzere wachinsinsi uyenera kukhala waufupi komanso wandiweyani, wokhala ndi chitetezo mbali zonse ziwiri.

Eni malo onse. Chizindikiro chazovuta komanso phokoso lakumtunda likamadutsa kudzera pa chingwe chofewa, njira ya “ground – signal – ground waya” imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Lero. Malo oyeserera amayenera kusungidwa ndi zizindikilo zazikulu kuti athandizire kuyesa komanso kukonza

Ruby wotchedwa Pet. Pambuyo poyikiratu chithunzithunzi, kulumikizidwa kumayenera kukonzedwa; Nthawi yomweyo, cheke choyambirira ndi ma cheke a DRC atakhala olondola, waya wapansi umadzazidwa mderalo popanda waya, ndipo dera lalikulu lamkuwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati waya wapansi, ndipo malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito amalumikizidwa ndi nthaka monga waya wapansi pa bolodi losindikizidwa. Kapena mupange bolodi losanjikiza, magetsi, mzere wokhazikika aliyense amakhala wosanjikiza.

– Zofunikira pakulamula kwa PCB

(1). mzere

Nthawi zambiri, mzere wazizindikiro wazizindikiro ndi 0.3mm (12mil), ndipo chingwe champhamvu m’lifupi ndi 0.77mm (30mil) kapena 1.27mm (50mil). Mtunda pakati pa waya ndi waya komanso pakati pa waya ndi pedi uyenera kukhala wokulirapo kapena wofanana ndi 0.33mm (13mil). Pogwira ntchito, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zikuwonjezera mtunda pamene zinthu zilola;

Makulidwe akapangidwe kamene kali pamwamba, ndibwino (koma osavomerezeka) kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe ziwiri pakati pazikhomo za IC. Kutalika kwa zingwe ndi 0.254mm (10mil), ndipo mtunda pakati pa zingwe sizochepera 0.254mm (10mil). Pazifukwa zina, pini ya chipangizocho ikakhala yothinana ndipo m’lifupi mwake ndi yopapatiza, mzere wazitali ndi utali wa mizere ukhoza kuchepetsedwa moyenera.

(2). PAD (PAD)

Zomwe zimafunikira PAD ndi dzenje losinthira (VIA) ndi: kukula kwa PAD ndikoposa 0.6mm kuposa kukula kwa dzenje; Mwachitsanzo, ma pini amtundu wa pini, ma capacitors ndi ma circuits ophatikizika, pogwiritsa ntchito disk / hole size 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), soketi, pini ndi diode 1N4007, pogwiritsa ntchito 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Pogwiritsira ntchito, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kukula kwa zinthu zenizeni. Ngati zinthu zilipo, kukula kwa pedi kungakwere moyenera.

Kukhazikitsa kwa zigawo zomwe zidapangidwa pa bolodi la PCB kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu pafupifupi 0.2 ~ 0.4mm kuposa kukula kwenikweni kwa zikhomo.

(3). Kudzera una (VIA)

Nthawi zambiri 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);

Pamene kachulukidwe kake kakachuluka, kukula kwa dzenje kumatha kuchepetsedwa moyenera, koma osati kocheperako, kumatha kulingalira za 1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil).

(4). Kusiyanitsa zofunikira pamapadi, mawaya ndi mabowo

PAD ndi VIA: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

PAD ndi PAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

PAD ndi TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

TRACK ndi TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

Pamene kachulukidwe kali:

PAD ndi VIA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

PAD ndi PAD: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

PAD ndi TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

Chachisanu: kukhathamiritsa kwa zingwe ndi kusindikiza pazenera. “Palibe chabwino, koma chabwino”! Ngakhale mutachita khama bwanji pakupanga, mukamaliza, yang’aninso, ndipo mukumvabe kuti mutha kusintha zambiri. Malingaliro apadera a chala chachikulu ndikuti kulumikizana koyenera kumatenga kawiri bola kutalika kwa waya woyamba. Mukawona kuti palibe chomwe chikufunika kukonza, mutha Kuyika mkuwa. Ndondomeko ya Polygon). Kuyika mkuwa nthawi zambiri kuyika waya wapansi (samalani kupatukana kwa analog ndi digito), bolodi yama multilayer ingafunikenso kuyika mphamvu. Kusindikiza pazenera, tiyenera kusamala kuti tisatsekedwe ndi chipangizocho kapena kuchotsedwa ndi bowo ndi pad. Nthawi yomweyo, mapangidwe oyang’anizana ndi mawonekedwe am’munsi, pansi pamawu akuyenera kukhala kukonza kwagalasi, kuti asasokoneze mulingo.

Chachisanu ndi chimodzi: maukonde ndi kuwunika kwa DRC ndikuwunika mawonekedwe. Choyamba, poganiza kuti mapangidwe ake ndi olondola, mafayilo amtundu wa PCB ndi mafayilo amachitidwe amtunduwu ndi NETCHECK yolumikizana, ndipo mapangidwe ake amasinthidwa munthawi yake malinga ndi zotsatira za mafayilo kuti awonetsetse kulumikizana kwa kulumikizana kwa zingwe;

Pambuyo cheke maukonde wadutsa moyenera, cheke cha DRC chidzachitike pamapangidwe a PCB, ndipo mapangidwewo adzasinthidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za fayilo mu nthawi kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a PCB. Pomaliza, makina okhazikitsa mawonekedwe a PCB ayenera kuwunikiridwa ndikutsimikiziridwa.

Chachisanu ndi chiwiri: kupanga mbale. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi ndondomeko yobwereza musanatero.

Kupanga kwa PCB ndi kuyesa kwa ntchitoyo, yemwe ali pafupi ndi malingaliro, luso lapamwamba, kapangidwe ka bolodi ndiwabwino. Chifukwa chake mapangidwe ake ayenera kukhala osamala kwambiri, kulingalira mokwanira pazinthu zonse (monga kuthandizira kukonza ndikuwunika anthu ambiri samawaganizira), kuchita bwino, kudzatha kupanga bolodi labwino.