Kutanga: kugadzirira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirira zvinoumba maraibhurari uye maschematics. “Kuita basa rakanaka, rinofanira kutanga kurodza mudziyo wayo”, kugadzira yakanaka bhodhi, kuwedzera kune musimboti wekugadzira kwakanaka, asi zvakare dhirowa zvakanaka. asati PCB dhizaini, iro raibhurari yezvikamu yechirongwa cheSCH uye raibhurari yezvinhu yePBB inofanira kugadzirirwa kutanga. Peotel maraibhurari anogona kushandiswa, asi kazhinji zvakaoma kuwana raibhurari yakakodzera, zviri nani kugadzira raibhurari yako zvinoenderana neyakaenzana saizi ruzivo rwechisarudzo chakasarudzwa. Mukuita, gadzira pcb raibhurari yezvinhu kutanga, uyezve SCH chikamu raibhurari. Pcb chinoumba raibhurari zvinodiwa zvakakwirira, zvinokanganisa zvakananga bhodhi kumisikidzwa; SCH yezvinhu raibhurari zvinodikanwa zvakasununguka, sekureba sekutarisirwa kuchingobhadharwa kududziro yezvipini hunhu uye hukama hunoenderana nezvinhu zvePCB. PS: Cherekedza mapini akavanzika muraibhurari yakajairwa. Zvino ndiko kuronga kwekugadzirira, kwakagadzirira kuita pcb dhizaini.

Chechipiri: PCB dhizaini dhizaini. In ino nhanho, zvinoenderana nedunhu bhodhi saizi uye mechiniki Positioning, pcb bhodhi pamusoro inodhonzwa muPCBY dhizaini nharaunda, uye zvinongedzo, mabhatani / switch, sikuruu maburi, gungano maburi uye zvichingodaro zvinoiswa zvinoenderana nekumisikidza zvinodiwa. Uye funga zvakazara uye sarudza iyo wiring nharaunda uye isiri-wiring nharaunda (senge yakawanda sei yeguruji gomba rakakomberedza iyo isiri-wiring nzvimbo).

Chechitatu: pcb marongerwo. Kurongeka kuri kuisa madhizaina pabhodhi. Panguva ino, kana rese basa rekugadzirira rataurwa pamusoro raitwa, tafura yenetwork inogona kugadzirwa pane dhizaini dhizaini (Dhizaini->; Gadzira Netlist), wobva waendesa kunze kwetafura tafura paPCB (dhizaini-gt; Iwo Mambure Mambure). Tarisa hubhubhu yedhijitari yemurwi wese kumusoro, pakati pembambo uye kubhururuka mutsara kukurumidza kubatana. Iwe unogona ipapo kuisa mudziyo. Iyo yakajairwa dhizaini inoitwa maererano nemisimboti inotevera:

(1). Zvinoenderana nemagetsi ekuita zvine musoro kupatsanura, kazhinji yakakamurwa kuita: yedunhu redunhu nharaunda (kutya kukanganisa, uye kupindirwa), nzvimbo yedunhu reanalogog (kutya kukanganisa), nzvimbo yemagetsi drive (yekuvhiringidza sosi);

(2). Pedzisa basa rakafanana redunhu, rinofanira kuiswa padhuze nepazvinogona, uye gadzirisa izvo zvikamu kuti uve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakapusa; Panguva imwecheteyo, chinja chinzvimbo chehukama pakati pemabhuroko anoshanda kuita kubatana pakati pemabhuroko anoshanda ari akapfupika;

(3). Kumisikidza chinzvimbo uye kumisikidza kusimba kunofanirwa kutariswa kune zvikamu zvine hombe hombe; Iyo yekudziya chinhu inofanirwa kupatsanurwa kubva kune tembiricha inonzwisisika chinhu, uye kana zvichidikanwa, matomhu convection matanho anofanirwa kutariswa;

(4). I / O dhiraivha mudziyo uri padhuze sezvinobvira kumucheto wedhiza ndiro, padhuze neiyo nzira yekubatanidza;

(5). Clock jenareta (senge: kristall oscillator kana wachi oscillator) inofanirwa kunge iri padhuze nepadiki pane mudziyo uchishandisa wachi;

6. Muchikamu chega chega chakabatanidzwa pakati pepini yekuisa magetsi nepasi, inoda kuwedzera decoupling capacitor (kazhinji ichishandisa yakakwira frequency yakanaka monolithic capacitor); Iyo tantalum capacitor inogona zvakare kuiswa yakatenderedza akati wandei akasanganiswa macircuit kana redunhu bhodhi nzvimbo iri yakaoma.

Varidzi vese veminda. Relay coil kuwedzera kubuda dhodhi (1N4148 inogona kuva);

Nhasi. Marongero anodikanwa anofanirwa kuve akaenzana, akaomarara uye akarongeka, kwete epamusoro-anorema kana anorema

– inoda kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune, panzvimbo yezvinhu, zvikamu zvinofanirwa kutariswa kana saizi chaiyo (munzvimbo uye nekukwirira) nenzvimbo pakati pezvinhu, kuona kugona kwezvinhu zvemagetsi uye kugadzirwa kwemabhodhi ematunhu akaiswa. uye kurerukirwa panguva imwe chete, inofanirwa kunge iri pamberi pechivimbiso chirevo chiri pamusoro kuratidza, yakakodzera shanduko yekuisa chishandiso, Ita kuti rive rakatsvinda uye rakanaka, senge mudziyo mumwe chete unofanirwa kuiswa zvakaringana uye munzira imwechete, kwete “kupararira zvisina kurongeka”.

Iyi nhanho ine chekuita nekuoma kwebhodhi rakabatana chimiro uye rinotevera wiring degree, kuda kushandisa rakakura basa kufunga kudaro. Kana marongero, anogona kugadzira yekutanga wiring kutanga kwete kunyatsosimbisa nzvimbo, kukwana kwakaringana.

Chechina: wiring. Wiring ndiyo inonyanya kukosha maitiro muPCB dhizaini. Izvi zvichaita zvakananga kukanganisa mashandiro ePBB board. Mukuita kwePCB dhizaini, wiring kazhinji ine matatu nhanho dzekupatsanura: yekutanga kugovaniswa, inova ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pcb magadzirirwo. Kana iyo tambo isiri machira, enda kwese kwese kuri kubhururuka mutsetse, ichave isina kukodzera bhodhi, inogona kutaura kuti hapana chekupinda. Chechipiri ndiko kugutsikana kwekuita kwemagetsi. Uyu ndiwo muyero wekuyera kana rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi rinokodzera. Izvi zviri mushure mekuparadzirwa, nyatso gadziridza iyo wiring, kuti igone kugona kwakanakisa kwemagetsi mashandiro. Ikozve kune aesthetics. Kana jira rako rewiring rakange rakabatana, zvakare hauna nzvimbo iyo inokanganisa mashandisirwo emagetsi, asi tarisa zvakapfuura zvakashata, wedzera zvine mavara, zvine mavara, zvinoverengera mashandisiro anoita mudziyo wako wemagetsi zvakanaka, uchiri marara mune vamwe ziso. Izvi zvinounza kusagadzikana kukuru kuyedza uye kugadzirisa. Wiring inofanirwa kuve yakashambidzika uye yakafanana, kwete crisscross isina mitemo. Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa muchimiro chekuona mashandiro emagetsi uye kusangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa nemunhu, zvikasadaro ndeye kusiya icho chinhu. Wiring inofanirwa kuitwa maererano nemitemo inotevera:

(1). Pakati pese, tambo yemagetsi uye tambo yepasi inofanirwa kufambiswa kutanga kuverengera mashandiro emagetsi ebhodhi redunhu. Mune chiyero icho mamiriro anotendera, wedzera upamhi hwemagetsi, waya yepasi nepaunogona napo, zvakanakisa kuti tambo yepasi yakafara kupfuura tambo yemagetsi, hukama hwayo ndehwu: tambo yepasi> simba tambo> tambo yechiratidzo, kazhinji chiratidzo chetambo : 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, iyo yakatetepa hupamhi inogona kusvika 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, tambo yemagetsi iri 1.2 ~ 2.5mm kazhinji. Iyo PCB yedunhu redhijitari inogona kushandiswa mudunhu ine yakafara pasi makondakita, ndokuti, pasi network. (Analog pasi haigone kushandiswa nenzira iyi.)

(2). Pamberi pacho, waya yakaoma zvinodiwa (senge yakakwira frequency mutsetse) yewiring, yekuisa uye yekubuda padivi mutsetse inofanirwa kudzivirira iri padyo yakafanana, kuti isaburitse kuratidzira kupindirana. Kana zvichidikanwa, tambo yepasi inofanira kuwedzerwa kuzviparadzanisa, uye wiring yezvikamu zviviri zviri padhuze inofanirwa kuve yakatendeseka kune imwe neimwe, izvo zviri nyore kuburitsa hutachiona hwehukama hwakafanana.

(3). Imba yeascillator inofanira kuvakwa, uye tambo yewachi inofanira kunge ipfupi sezvinobvira, uye isapararira munzvimbo yese. Pazasi peiyo wachi oscillation wedunhu, yakakosha yepamusoro-yekumusoro pfungwa wedunhu inofanirwa kuwedzera nzvimbo yevhu, uye haifanire kuenda kune mamwe mairaini mitsara, kuitira kuti iyo yakapoteredzwa magetsi magetsi inowanzoita zero;

(4). Kuti udzikise mwaranzi yeakakwira frequency chiratidzo, 45O yakatsemuka tambo inofanirwa kushandiswa nepose pazvinogona, panzvimbo pe90O yakatsemuka tambo. (Zvakanyanya kudiwa zvemutsara zvakare shandisa zvakapetwa arc)

(5). Chero chiratidzo chetambo hachifanirwe kuita chiuno, kana chisingadzivike, chiuno chinofanira kunge chiri chidiki sezvinobvira; Mutsara wechiratidzo kuburikidza negomba unofanirwa kunge uri zvishoma sezvinobvira;

6. Iyo yakakosha tambo inofanirwa kuve ipfupi uye gobvu, ine dziviriro pamativi ese maviri.

Varidzi vese veminda. Kana iyo inonzwisisika chiratidzo uye ruzha rwemunda chiratidzo ichifambiswa kuburikidza neyakafairwa tambo, nzira ye “pasi – chiratidzo – pasi waya” inoshandiswa.

Nhasi. Mapoinzi ekuyedza anofanirwa kuve akachengeterwa akakosha masaini kufambisa kugadzirwa uye kuyedza kuyedza

Pet-zita rubhi. Mushure mekuratidzira dhayagiramu wiring yapera, wiring inofanira kukwidziridzwa; Panguva imwecheteyo, mushure mekutanga kwecheki cheki uye cheki yeDRC iri chokwadi, waya yepasi inozadzwa munzvimbo isina wiring, uye nzvimbo hombe yemhangura rukoko inoshandiswa sewaya yepasi, uye nzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa dzakabatana nepasi se waya yepasi pane yakadhindwa bhodhi. Kana kuti riite rakawanda-bhodhi bhodhi, magetsi, tambo yekumisikidza yega yega inogara nhete.

– PCB wiring maitiro anodikanwa

(1). mutsetse

Kazhinji, iyo tambo yemutsara upamhi ndeye 0.3mm (12mil), uye tambo yemagetsi upamhi ndeye 0.77mm (30mil) kana 1.27mm (50mil). Daro pakati petambo newaya uye pakati petambo nepad rinofanira kuve rakakura kudarika kana rakaenzana ne0.33mm (13mil). Mukushandisa kunoshanda, inofanirwa kutaridzirwa kuwedzera daro kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumidza;

Kana huwandu hwenhabvu hukwirira, zvinokurudzirwa (asi hazvikurudzirwe) kushandisa tambo mbiri pakati pembambo dzeIC. Hupamhi hwetambo ndi 0.254mm (10mil), uye chinhambwe pakati petambo hachisi pasi pe 0.254mm (10mil). Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akasarudzika, kana pini yechigadzirwa iri dete uye hupamhi hwakatetepa, hupamhi hwemitsara uye nzvimbo yakatsemuka inogona kuderedzwa nenzira kwayo.

(2). PAD (PAD)

Izvo zvakakosha zvePAD uye yekuchinja gomba (VIA) ndeiyi: iyo dhayamita yePAD yakakura kudarika 0.6mm kupfuura iyo dhayamita yegomba; Semuenzaniso, yepasipini pini mhando resistors, capacitors uye akasanganiswa maseketi, uchishandisa dhisiki / gomba saizi 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), soketi, pini uye diode 1N4007, uchishandisa 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Mukushandisa kunoshanda, inofanirwa kutemerwa zvinoenderana nesaizi yezvinhu chaizvo. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu aripo, saizi yepadhi inogona kuwedzerwa nenzira kwayo.

Iko kumisikidzwa kwekumisikidza kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa pabhodhi rePCB kunofanirwa kunge kuri kuita 0.2 ~ 0.4mm yakakura kupfuura saizi chaiyo yemapini.

(3). Kuburikidza neburi (VIA)

Kazhinji 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);

Kana iyo wiring density yakakwira, iyo saizi saizi inogona kuderedzwa nenzira kwayo, asi isiri diki kwazvo, inogona kufunga 1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil).

(4). Spacing zvinodikanwa zvepads, waya uye kuburikidza-maburi

PAD uye VIA: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

PAD uye PAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

PAD uye TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

TRACK uye TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

Kana kuwanda kwakakwira.

PAD uye VIA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

PAD uye PAD: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

PAD uye TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

Chechipiri: wiring optimization uye screen printing. “Hapana chakanakisa, chete zvirinani”! Kunyangwe uine simba rakawanda sei raunoisa mukugadzira, kana wapedza, tarisa pairi zvakare, uye iwe ucharamba uchinzwa kuti unogona kuchinja zvakanyanya. A general design mutemo wechigunwe ndeyekuti yakakwana wiring inotora zvakapetwa kareba sekutanga wiring. Ukangonzwa kuti hapana chinoda kugadziriswa, unogona Kuisa mhangura. Ploni yePoloni). Kuisa mhangura kazhinji kuisa pasi waya (teerera kupatsanurwa kweanalog uye nedhijitari pasi), multilayer bhodhi ingangodawo kuisa simba. Zvekudhinda zvechidzitiro, isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa kuti isavharwe nemudziyo kana kubviswa negomba nepadhi. Panguva imwecheteyo, dhizaini yekutarisana nechinhu chepamusoro, pasi peIzwi rinofanira kunge riri girazi rinogadzira, kuti irege kuvhiringidza danho.

Chechitanhatu: network uye DRC cheki uye mamiriro ekuongorora. Chekutanga, pane fungidziro yekuti iyo dhizaini dhizaini iri chokwadi, iyo inogadzirwa pcb network mafaera uye masystem network mafaira ari NETCHECK yehukama hwehukama hukama, uye dhizaini inovandudzwa panguva ino maererano neinobuda faira mhedzisiro kuve nechokwadi chekurongeka kweiyo wiring kubatana hukama;

Mushure mekutarisisa cheki kwakapasiswa nenzira kwayo, DRC cheki ichaitwa pane iyo PCB dhizaini, uye dhizaini ichagadziriswa maererano neinobuda faira mhedzisiro munguva yekuona mashandiro emagetsi ePCB wiring. Pakupedzisira, iyo yekumisikidza yekumisikidza chimiro chePCB inofanira kuongororwa uye kusimbiswa.

Chechinomwe: kugadzira ndiro. Zviri nani kuve neongororo usati waita zvakadaro.

Pcb dhizaini muyedzo wepfungwa dzebasa, ndiani ari padyo nepfungwa, ruzivo rwepamusoro, dhizaini yebhodhi yakanaka. Saka dhizaini inofanirwa kuve yakanyatso chenjera, kunyatso tarisa maficha ezvese zvinhu (sekufambisa kugadziridza uye kuongorora kweizvi vanhu vazhinji havatarise), kugona, vachakwanisa kugadzira bhodhi rakanaka.