Okokuqala: ukulungiselela. Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela icandelo lamathala eencwadi kunye nezikimu. “Ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo, kufuneka kuqala ubukhali isixhobo sayo”, ukwenza ibhodi elungileyo, ukongeza kumgaqo woyilo olulungileyo, kodwa kwakhona uzobe kakuhle. phambi kokuba PCB uyilo, ilayibrari yecandelo le-SCH yesikimu kunye nelayibrari yecandelo le-PCB kufuneka ilungiswe kuqala. Amathala eencwadi ePeotel anokusetyenziswa, kodwa ngokubanzi kunzima ukufumana ithala leencwadi elifanelekileyo, kungcono ukwenza ilayibrari yakho ngokolwazi olukumgangatho oqhelekileyo wesixhobo esikhethiweyo. Ngokomgaqo, yenza icandelo lethala leencwadi le-PCB kuqala, emva koko emva koko lilungu lethala lencwadi le-SCH. Icandelo leemfuno zethala leencwadi le-PCB liphezulu, lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufakelwa kwebhodi; Icandelo leemfuno zethala leencwadi le-SCH azikhululekanga, ukuba nje kuhlawulwa kwinkcazo yeempawu zepini kunye nobudlelwane obuhambelana nezinto zePCB. I-PS: Qaphela izikhonkwane ezifihliweyo kwilayibrari esemgangathweni. Ke uyilo loyilo, olulungele ukwenza uyilo lwePCB.

Okwesibini: uyilo lolwakhiwo lwePCB. Kweli nqanaba, ngokobungakanani bebhodi yesekethe kunye nokubekwa koomatshini, indawo yebhodi yePCB ityhilwe kwimeko yoyilo lwePCB, kunye nezihlanganisi, amaqhosha / ukutshintsha, imingxunya yokujija, imingxunya yendibano njalo njalo ibekwa ngokweemfuno zokubeka. Kwaye ujonge ngokupheleleyo kwaye umisele indawo ye-wiring kunye nendawo engenazingcingo (njengobungakanani bomngxunya wokujija ojikeleze indawo engenazingcingo).

Okwesithathu: Ubeko lwePCB. Ubeko ngokusisiseko lubeka izixhobo ebhodini. Okwangoku, ukuba wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela okhankanywe apha ngasentla wenziwe, itafile yenethiwekhi inokuveliswa kumzobo weskim (Uyilo->; Yenza iNetlist), emva koko ungenise itafile yenethiwekhi kwi-PCB (uyilo-gt; Iminatha yokulayisha). Jonga isixhobo esixineneyo sayo yonke loo mfumba, phakathi kwezikhonkwane kunye nomda wokudibanisa umgca wokuhamba. Ungabeka isixhobo. Uyilo ngokubanzi lwenziwa ngokwale migaqo ilandelayo:

(1). Ngokwendlela yokusebenza kombane ukwahlula ngokufanelekileyo, ngokubanzi kwahlulwe kwaba: indawo yesekethe yedijithali (woyika ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuphazamiseka), indawo yesekethe ye-analog (woyika ukuphazamiseka), indawo yokuqhuba umbane (umthombo wokuphazamiseka);

(2). Gcwalisa umsebenzi ofanayo wesekethe, kufuneka ubekwe kufutshane ngangokunokwenzeka, kwaye uhlengahlengise izinto ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olulula kakhulu; Kwangelo xesha, lungelelanisa indawo ehambelana phakathi kweebhloko ezisebenzayo ukwenza unxibelelwano phakathi kweebhloko ezisebenzayo zezona zifutshane;

(3). Indawo yokufaka kunye nokufakwa ngamandla kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo izinto ezinobunzima obukhulu; Izinto zokufudumeza kufuneka zahlulwe kubushushu obuzwayo, kwaye ukuba kukho imfuneko, amanyathelo okuhambisa ubushushu kufuneka athathelwe ingqalelo;

(4). Idrayivu ye-O / O yokuqhuba isixhobo ngokusondeleyo kangangoko emaphethelweni epleyiti yoshicilelo, kufutshane nesihlanganisi sokuthengisa;

(5). Umvelisi wewotshi (njenge: yikristale oscillator okanye iwotshi oscillator) kufuneka ibe kufutshane kangangoko kwisixhobo esisebenzisa iwotshi;

6. Kwisekethe nganye edityanisiweyo phakathi kwepini yokufaka amandla kunye nomhlaba, kufuneka wongeze i-decoupling capacitor (ngokubanzi isebenzisa isantya esiphakamileyo se-monolithic capacitor); I-tantalum capacitor inokufakwa kwindawo ejikeleze iisekethe ezininzi xa indawo yebhodi yesekethe iqinile.

Bonke abanini mhlaba. Ukudlulisa iikhoyili ukongeza idiode yokukhutshwa (1N4148 inokuba);

Namhlanje. Iimfuno zobeko kufuneka zilungelelaniswe, zixakeke kwaye zilungelelaniswe, zingabinzima kakhulu okanye zinzima

– kufuneka sinike ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, endaweni yamacandelo, izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ubukhulu bobona (kwindawo kunye nokuphakama) kunye nokuma okuphakathi kwezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka kweempawu zombane kunye nokuveliswa kweebhodi zesekethe ezifakiweyo kwaye kube lula ngaxeshanye, kufanele ukuba kwisiseko sesiqinisekiso somgaqo ongentla ukubonisa, ukutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo ukubekwa kwesixhobo, Yenze icoceke kwaye intle, njengesixhobo esinye kufuneka sibekwe ngokucocekileyo nakwicala elinye, hayi “ukusasazeka ngokungacwangciswanga”.

Eli nyathelo lijongana nobunzima bebhodi yokudityaniswa kunye nenqanaba elilandelayo le-wiring, bafuna ukuchitha umzamo omkhulu wokujonga njalo. Xa ubeko, lunokwenza i-wiring yokuqala ukuba ingabi yindawo evumayo, uqwalaselo olwaneleyo.

Okwesine: iintambo. Iingcingo yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kuyilo PCB. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwebhodi ye-PCB. Kwinkqubo yoyilo lwe-PCB, i-wiring ngokubanzi inamanqanaba amathathu okwahlulahlula: eyokuqala kukusasazwa, eyona nto isisiseko kuyilo lwe-PCB. Ukuba umgca awuyongubo, fika kuyo yonke indawo uhamba ngomgca, uya kuba yibhodi engafanelekanga, unokuthi akukho nto yokungena. Okwesibini kukoneliseka kokusebenza kombane. Lo ngumgangatho wokulinganisa ukuba ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo iyafaneleka. Oku kusemva kokuhanjiswa, hlengisa ngononophelo i-wiring, ukuze ikwazi ukufezekisa owona msebenzi mhle wombane. Emva koko kukho ubuhle. Ukuba ilaphu lakho le-wiring belidityanisiwe, nayo ayinayo indawo echaphazela ukusebenza kwesixhobo sombane, kodwa jonga ngaphaya kokungathandekiyo, yongeza imibala, eqaqambileyo, ebala ukuba intle into yokusebenza kwesixhobo sombane, iseyinkunkuma kwabanye iliso. Oku kuzisa inkxamleko enkulu kuvavanyo nakulondolozo. Iingcingo kufuneka zihlale zicocekile kwaye zifanane, hayi kwi-crisscross ngaphandle kwemithetho. Zonke ezi zinto kufuneka zifezekiswe kwimeko yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kunye nokuhlangabezana nezinye iimfuno zomntu ngamnye, kungenjalo kukushiya isiseko. Iingcingo kufuneka zenziwe ngokwale migaqo ilandelayo:

(1). Ngokubanzi, intambo yombane kunye nentambo yomhlaba kufuneka ihanjiswe kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kwibhodi yesekethe. Kwindawo apho imeko ivumayo, wandise ububanzi bokunikezelwa kwamandla, ucingo lomhlaba kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kungcono ukuba ucingo lomhlaba lubanzi kunelayini yamandla, ubudlelwane babo yile: yocingo lomhlaba> umgca wamandla> umgca womqondiso, uhlala ulayini womqondiso : 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, ububanzi obuncinci bunokufikelela kwi-0.05 ~ 0.07mm, umgca wamandla ngu-1.2 ~ 2.5mm ngokubanzi. I-PCB yesekethe yedijithali inokusetyenziswa kwisekethe enabaqhubi ababanzi bomhlaba, oko kukuthi, inethiwekhi yomhlaba. (Umhlaba we-Analog awunakusetyenziswa ngale ndlela.)

(2). Kwangoko, iingcingo ezingqongqo zeemfuno (ezinje ngefrikhwensi ephezulu) yokufakelwa kweentambo, igalelo kunye nomgca wecala elikhutshwayo kufuneka liphephe ukufana okukufutshane, ukuze kungavelisi uphazamiseko. Xa kukho imfuneko, ucingo lomhlaba kufuneka longezwe lodwa, kwaye ii-wiring zeengqimba ezimbini ezikufutshane kufuneka zijolise komnye nomnye, ekulula ukuvelisa ukudibanisa i-parasitic ngokudibeneyo.

(3). Indlu ye-oscillator kufuneka ibekwe phantsi, kwaye umgca wewotshi kufuneka ubemfutshane ngangokunokwenzeka, kwaye ungasasazeki kuyo yonke indawo. Ngaphantsi kwesekethe yokujikeleza kwewotshi, isekethe ekhethekileyo ene-high-speed logic circuit kufuneka inyuse indawo yomhlaba, kwaye akufuneki iye kweminye imigca yomqondiso, ukuze intsimi yombane ejikelezileyo ithambekele kwi-zero;

(4). Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-radiation yesiginali ephezulu, 45O umgca ophukileyo kufuneka usetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, endaweni ye-90O yomgca owaphukileyo. (Izidingo eziphezulu zomgca zisebenzisa iarc ephindwe kabini)

(5). Nawuphi na umgca womqondiso akufuneki wenze iluphu, ukuba ayinakuphepheka, iluphu kufuneka ibe ncinane kangangoko; Umgca wokutyikitya emngxunyeni kufuneka ubencinci kangangoko;

6. Umgca ophambili kufuneka ube mfutshane kwaye ungqindilili, ukhuseleko macala omabini.

Bonke abanini mhlaba. Xa isiginali ebuthathaka kunye nesandi sentsimi sidluliselwa ngentambo ethe tyaba, indlela “yomqondiso womhlaba – yocingo lomhlaba” iyasetyenziswa.

Namhlanje. Amanqaku ovavanyo kufuneka agcinelwe imiqondiso ephambili ukulungiselela ukuvavanywa kwemveliso nolondolozo

Igama le-ruby yezilwanyana zasekhaya. Emva kokuba i-schematic diagling wiring igqityiwe, ii-wiring kufuneka zilungiselelwe; Kwangelo xesha, emva kokutshekishwa kwenethiwekhi yokuqala kunye nokutshekishwa kweDRC kuchanekile, ucingo lomhlaba luzaliswe kuloo ndawo ngaphandle kweentambo, kwaye indawo enkulu yobhedu isetyenziswa njengocingo lomhlaba, kwaye iindawo ezingasetyenziswanga zidibene nomhlaba njenge ucingo lomhlaba kwibhodi eprintiweyo. Okanye yenze ibhodi yomaleko omninzi, unikezelo lwamandla, umgca womhlaba ngamnye uhlala kwilayini.

Inkqubo ye-wiring ye-PCB

(1). umgca

Ngokubanzi, ububanzi bomgca wesiginali yi-0.3mm (12mil), kunye nobubanzi bomgca wamandla yi-0.77mm (30mil) okanye i-1.27mm (50mil). Umgama phakathi kocingo kunye nocingo naphakathi kocingo kunye nephedi kufuneka ube mkhulu okanye ulingane no-0.33mm (13mil). Kwisicelo esisebenzayo, kufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukwandisa umgama xa iimeko zivuma;

Xa uxinano lwekhabhathi luphezulu, kuyacetyiswa (kodwa akucebisi) ukusebenzisa iintambo ezimbini phakathi kwezikhonkwane ze-IC. Ububanzi beentambo ngu-0.254mm (10mil), kwaye umgama phakathi kweentambo awukho ngaphantsi kwe-0.254mm (10mil). Phantsi kweemeko ezizodwa, xa ipini yesixhobo ixinene kwaye ububanzi bumxinwa, ububanzi bomgca kunye nokushiya umgca kungancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.

(2). IPAD (IPAD)

Ezona mfuno zisisiseko ze-PAD kunye nomngxunya wotshintsho (VIA) zezi: ubukhulu bePAD bukhulu kune-0.6mm kunobubanzi bomngxuma; Umzekelo, iipikisi zohlobo lwepiniki, ii-capacitors kunye neesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo, kusetyenziswa idiski / ubungakanani bemingxunya i-1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), isokethi, ipini kunye nedayode 1N4007, kusetyenziswa i-1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Kwisicelo esisebenzayo, kufanele ukuba kugqitywe ngokobungakanani bezinto ezikhoyo. Ukuba iimeko ziyafumaneka, ubungakanani bephedi bunokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukufakwa kwendawo yokufakelwa kwezinto eziyilwe kwibhodi ye-PCB kufanele ukuba kube malunga ne-0.2 ~ 0.4mm enkulu kunobungakanani bezikhonkwane.

(3). Ngomngxuma (VIA)

Ngokubanzi 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);

Xa uxinano lweengcingo luphezulu, ubungakanani bomngxunya bunokucitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa bungabuncinci kakhulu, bunokuthathela ingqalelo i-1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil).

(4). Izithuba zokubekwa phakathi kweepads, iingcingo kunye nemingxunya yokungena

I-PAD kunye ne-VIA: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

IPAD kunye nePAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

IPAD kunye nokulandela: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

Ukulandela kunye nokulandela: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

Xa uxinano luphezulu:

I-PAD kunye ne-VIA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

IPAD kunye nePAD: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

IPAD kunye nokulandela: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

UKUJONGA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

Okwesihlanu: ukwenziwa kweentambo kunye nokushicilelwa kwescreen. “Akukho nto ibhetele, kungcono kuphela”! Nokuba ungakanani na umzamo owenzayo kuyilo, xa ugqibile, jonga kwakhona, kwaye uya kuziva ukuba ungatshintsha kakhulu. Umgaqo woyilo ngokubanzi wesithupha kukuba i-wiring efanelekileyo ithatha kabini ubude njenge-wiring yokuqala. Nje ukuba uve ukuba akukho nto ifuna ukulungiswa, ungabeka ubhedu. IsiCwangciso sePolygon). Ukubeka ubhedu ngokubanzi kubeka ucingo lomhlaba (jonga ukwahlula i-analog kunye nomhlaba wedijithali), ibhodi ye-multilayer inokufuna ukubeka amandla. Ukuprintwa kwesikrini, kuya kufuneka sinike ingqalelo ekungavinjelweni sisixhobo okanye sisuswe ngomngxunya nakwiphedi. Kwangelo xesha, uyilo lokujongana nomphezulu wecandelo, emazantsi eli gama kufuneka kube kusenziwa isipili, ukuze ungabhidanisi inqanaba.

Okwesithandathu: uthungelwano kunye nokuhlolwa kweDRC kunye nokuhlolwa kobume. Okokuqala, kwingqikelelo yokuba uyilo lwesikimu luchanekile, iifayile zenethiwekhi zePCB kunye neefayile zenethiwekhi zesikimu zi-NETCHECK yolwalamano lonxibelelwano, kwaye uyilo luhlengahlengiswa kwangexesha ngokweziphumo zefayile yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kobudlelwane bokunxibelelana kweentambo;

Emva kokuba uthungelwano lwenethiwekhi lupasiswe ngokuchanekileyo, i-DRC itshekhi iya kwenziwa kuyilo lwe-PCB, kwaye uyilo luya kulungiswa ngokweziphumo zefayile yemveliso ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kwe-PCB ye-wiring. Okokugqibela, ulwakhiwo lofakelo loomatshini lwe-PCB kufuneka luhlolwe ngakumbi kwaye luqinisekiswe.

Okwesixhenxe: ukwenziwa kweplate. Kungcono ukuba ube nenkqubo yokujonga kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba wenze njalo.

Uyilo lwe-PCB luvavanyo lwengqondo yomsebenzi, osondele engqondweni, amava aphezulu, uyilo lwebhodi lulungile. Ke uyilo kufuneka lube ngononophelo olukhulu, luqwalasele ngokupheleleyo imiba yayo yonke imiba (enje ngokuququzelela ulondolozo kunye nokuhlolwa koku uninzi lwabantu alukuthatheli ngqalelo), ukugqwesa, kuya kuba nakho ukuyila ibhodi elungileyo.