Okokuqala: ukulungiselela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulungiselela imitapo yolwazi kanye ne-schematics. “Ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle, kufanele kuqala ucije idivayisi yayo”, ukwenza ibhodi elihle, ngaphezu komgomo wokuklama okuhle, kodwa futhi udwebe kahle. Ngaphambi PCB design, umtapo wolwazi we-SCH ohlelayo kanye nomtapo wolwazi we-PCB kufanele ulungiswe kuqala. Imitapo yolwazi yakwaPeotel ingasetshenziswa, kepha ngokujwayelekile kunzima ukuthola umtapo wolwazi ofanele, kungcono ukuzenzela umtapo wezincwadi wakho ngokuya ngolwazi losayizi ojwayelekile wedivayisi ekhethiwe. Ngokomthetho, yenza umtapo wolwazi we-PCB kuqala, bese umtapo wolwazi wezinto ze-SCH. Izidingo zomtapo wolwazi we-PCB ziphakeme, kuthinta ngqo ukufakwa kwebhodi; Izidingo zomtapo wolwazi we-SCH zikhululekile, inqobo nje uma kukhokhelwa incazelo yezimpawu zephini nobudlelwano obuhambisana nezinto ze-PCB. I-PS: Qaphela izikhonkwane ezifihliwe kumtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile. Lapho-ke umklamo ohleliwe, olungele ukwenza ukwakheka kwe-PCB.

Okwesibili: PCB design kwesakhiwo. Kulesi sinyathelo, ngokuya ngosayizi webhodi lesifunda nokuma ngomshini, indawo yebhodi le-PCB idonswa kwimvelo yokwakhiwa kwe-PCB, nezixhumi, izinkinobho / amaswishi, izimbobo zesikulufa, izimbobo zomhlangano nokunye kubekwa ngokuya ngezidingo zokubeka. Futhi bhekisisa ngokugcwele bese unquma indawo yezintambo nendawo engeyona yezintambo (njengokuthi ingakanani imbobo yesikulufu ezungeze indawo engeyona yezintambo).

Okwesithathu: Ukuhlelwa kwe-PCB. Ukuhlelwa ngokuyisisekelo kufaka amadivayisi ebhodini. Kuleli qophelo, uma wonke umsebenzi wokulungiselela oshiwo ngenhla wenziwe, itafula lenethiwekhi lingenziwa kumdwebo wesikimu (Design->; Dala i-Netlist), bese ungenisa itafula lenethiwekhi ku-PCB (design-gt; Amanethiwekhi Womthwalo). Bona i-hubbub yedivayisi yenqwaba yonke, phakathi kwezikhonkwane nokuxhuma komugqa we-fly line. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabeka idivayisi. Ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile kwenziwa ngokwemigomo elandelayo:

(1). Ngokuya ngogesi osebenzayo ukwahlukanisa okunengqondo, ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe: indawo yesekethe yedijithali (ukwesaba ukuphazanyiswa, nokuphazanyiswa), indawo yesifunda ye-analog (esaba ukuphazanyiswa), indawo yokushayela amandla (umthombo wokuphazamiseka);

(2). Qedela umsebenzi ofanayo wesifunda, kufanele ubekwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ulungise izingxenye ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okulula kakhulu; Ngasikhathi sinye, lungisa ukuma okuhlobene phakathi kwamabhulokhi asebenzayo ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabhulokhi asebenzayo kube kufushane kakhulu;

(3). Indawo yokufaka nokuqina kokufakwa kufanele kubhekelwe izinto ezinesisindo esikhulu; Into yokushisa kufanele yehlukaniswe nento ebucayi yezinga lokushisa, futhi uma kunesidingo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuhambisa ngomshini ezishisayo;

(4). Idrayivu yedrayivu ye-I / O isondele ngangokunokwenzeka emaphethelweni epuleti lokuphrinta, eduze kwesixhumi esidayisa;

(5). Iwashi lewashi (njenge: i-crystal oscillator noma i-oscillator yewashi) kufanele lisondele ngangokunokwenzeka kudivayisi esebenzisa iwashi;

6. Esifundeni ngasinye esihlanganisiwe phakathi kwephini lokufaka amandla nomhlabathi, kudingeka ukwengeza i-decoupling capacitor (ngokuvamile isebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu i-monolithic capacitor enhle); I-tantalum capacitor nayo ingabekwa izungeze izifunda eziningi ezihlanganisiwe lapho isikhala sebhodi lesifunda siqinile.

Bonke abanikazi bomhlaba. Ukudlulisa ikhoyili ukufaka i-diode yokukhipha (1N4148 kungaba);

Namuhla. Izidingo zesakhiwo kufanele zilinganiswe, ziminyene futhi zihleleke, zingabi phezulu noma zisindise

– Isidingo sokunaka kakhulu, esikhundleni sezinto, izingxenye kufanele zibhekwe lapho ubukhulu bangempela (endaweni nokuphakama) kanye nokuma okuhlobene phakathi kwezinto, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenza kwezakhiwo zikagesi nokukhiqizwa kwamabhodi wesifunda kufakiwe futhi kube lula ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kube ngesisekelo sesiqinisekiso umgomo ongenhla ukukhombisa, ukubekwa okufanele kwedivayisi, Yenze ihlanzeke futhi ibe yinhle, njengedivayisi efanayo kufanele ibekwe ngobunono futhi ibheke ohlangothini olufanayo, hhayi ukuthi “ihlakazeke ngokungahleliwe”.

Lesi sinyathelo sithinta ubunzima bebhodi elihlanganisiwe kanye ne-wiring degree elandelayo, abafuna ukusebenzisa umzamo omkhulu ukubheka kanjalo. Lapho ukwakheka, kungenza izintambo zokuqala zingabi yindawo yokuvuma, ukucatshangelwa okwanele.

Okwesine: izintambo. Ukwenza izintambo kuyinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB. Lokhu kuzothinta ngqo ukusebenza kwebhodi le-PCB. Enkambisweni ye-PCB design, i-wiring ngokuvamile inamazinga amathathu wokwehlukanisa: owokuqala ukusatshalaliswa, okuyisidingo esiyisisekelo se-PCB design. Uma umugqa ungeyona indwangu, fika yonke indawo ulayini ondizayo, kuzoba yibhodi engafanelekile, ungasho ukuthi akukho ukungena. Okwesibili ukwaneliseka kokusebenza kukagesi. Leli izinga elijwayelekile lokukala ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe liyafaneleka yini. Lokhu kungemuva kokusatshalaliswa, lungisa ngokucophelela i-wiring, ukuze ikwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kahle kukagesi. Bese kuba khona ubuhle. Uma indwangu yakho yezintambo yayixhunyiwe, futhi awunayo indawo yokuthi okuthinta ukusebenza kwezinto zikagesi, kepha ubheke ngokudlulele ngokweqile, engeza okugqamile, okugqamile, okubala ukuthi ukusebenza kwakho kwezinto zikagesi kuhle kanjani, kusengudoti kwabanye iso. Lokhu kuletha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuhlolweni nasekulondolozweni. Ukuxhuma izintambo kufanele kucoceke futhi kufane, kungabi yinqwaba ngaphandle kwemithetho. Konke lokhu kufanele kufinyelelwe kumongo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi nokuhlangabezana nezinye izidingo zomuntu ngamunye, ngaphandle kwalokho kufanele kushiywe ingqikithi. Ukuxhuma izintambo kufanele kwenziwe ngokwemigomo elandelayo:

(1). Ngokuvamile, ikhebula lamandla nentambo yomhlabathi kufanele ihanjiswe kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kagesi kwebhodi lesifunda. Ngokwesilinganiso leso simo esivumayo, nweba ububanzi bokuphakelwa kwamandla, ucingo lwasemhlabathini ngangokunokwenzeka, kungcono ukuthi ucingo lwasemhlabeni lubanzi kunolayini wamandla, ubudlelwano babo yile: intambo yomhlabathi> intambo yamandla> ulayini wesiginali, imvamisa ulayini wesiginali : 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, ububanzi obuncane bungafinyelela ku-0.05 ~ 0.07mm, ulayini wamandla ngu-1.2 ~ 2.5mm ngokuvamile. I-PCB yesekethe yedijithali ingasetshenziswa esifundeni esinabaqhubi bomhlaba abanzi, okungukuthi, inethiwekhi yomhlaba. (Umhlabathi we-Analog awunakusetshenziswa ngale ndlela.)

(2). Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, izidingo eziqinile zocingo (ezinjenge-high frequency line) ye-wiring, okokufaka nokokukhipha ohlangothini kufanele kugweme ukufana okuncikene, ukuze kungakhiphi ukuphazamiseka kokubonisa. Uma kunesidingo, kufanele kufakwe i-wire wire ukuhlukanisa, futhi ukuxhunywa kwezingqimba ezimbili eziseduze kufanele kube okuqondakalayo komunye nomunye, okulula ukukhiqiza ukuhlangana kwe-parasitic ngokufana.

(3). Indlu ye-oscillator kufanele ibekelwe phansi, futhi ulayini wewashi kufanele ube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ungasabalali yonke indawo. Ngezansi kwesekethe le-oscillation wesekethe, isekethe elikhethekile elinejubane eliphezulu kufanele lenyuse indawo engaphansi, futhi akufanele liye kolunye uphawu lwesiginali, ukuze inkambu kagesi ezungezile ithambekele ku-zero;

(4). Ukuze kuncishiswe imisebe yesiginali yemvamisa ephezulu, umugqa ophukile we-45O kufanele usetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka, esikhundleni se-90O ulayini ophukile. (Izidingo eziphakeme zomugqa zisebenzisa i-arc ephindwe kabili)

(5). Noma yimuphi umugqa wesiginali akufanele wakhe iluphu, uma ungenakugwenywa, iluphu kufanele libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka; Umugqa wesiginali odlula emgodini kufanele ube mncane ngangokunokwenzeka;

6. Ulayini wokhiye kufanele ube mfushane futhi ube mkhulu, ngokuvikela ezinhlangothini zombili.

Bonke abanikazi bomhlaba. Lapho isignali ebucayi nomsindo wenkambu udluliselwa ngekhebula eliyisicaba, kusetshenziswa indlela “yomhlabathi – isiginali – yocingo lomhlabathi”.

Namuhla. Amaphoyinti okuhlola kufanele agcinelwe amasiginali abalulekile ukwenza lula ukukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kokugcinwa

Igama le-ruby lesilwane esifuywayo. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwentambo yomdwebo ohleliwe, izintambo kufanele zithuthukiswe; Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kokuthi isheke lokuqala lenethiwekhi nokuhlolwa kwe-DRC kulungile, ucingo lwasemhlabeni luyagcwaliswa endaweni ngaphandle kwezintambo, futhi indawo enkulu yolwelwesi lwethusi isetshenziswa njengocingo lomhlabathi, futhi izindawo ezingasetshenziswanga zixhunywe nomhlabathi njengoba ucingo lomhlabathi ebhodini eliphrintiwe. Noma yenze ibhodi enezendlalelo eziningi, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ulayini wokubeka phansi ngamunye ungqimba.

– Izidingo zenqubo yocingo lwe-PCB

(1). umugqa

Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bolayini wesiginali ngu-0.3mm (12mil), nobubanzi bolayini wamandla ngu-0.77mm (30mil) noma 1.27mm (50mil). Ibanga phakathi kwentambo nocingo naphakathi kocingo nephedi kufanele likhulu noma lilingane no-0.33mm (13mil). Ekusebenzeni ngokoqobo, kufanele kubhekwe njengokunyusa ibanga lapho izimo zivuma;

Lapho ukuminyana kwekhebula kuphezulu, kuyalulekwa (kepha akunconyiwe) ukusebenzisa izintambo ezimbili phakathi kwezikhonkwane ze-IC. Ububanzi bezintambo ngu-0.254mm (10mil), futhi ibanga phakathi kwezintambo alikho ngaphansi kuka-0.254mm (10mil). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, lapho iphini yedivayisi iminyene nobubanzi bumncane, ububanzi bomugqa nokuhlukaniswa kolayini kungancishiswa ngokufanele.

(2). I-PAD (PAD)

Izidingo eziyisisekelo ze-PAD ne-hole hole (VIA) yilezi: ubukhulu be-PAD bukhulu kune-0.6mm kunobubanzi bomgodi; Isibonelo, ama-resistors we-pin type, ama-capacitors namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, kusetshenziswa usayizi wediski / umgodi u-1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), isokhethi, iphini nedayode 1N4007, kusetshenziswa i-1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo, kufanele kunqunywe ngosayizi wezinto zangempela. Uma izimo zitholakala, usayizi wephedi ungakhushulwa ngokufanele.

Ukuvulwa kokufakwa kwezakhi ezakhiwe ebhodini le-PCB kufanele kube kukhulu ngo-0.2 ~ 0.4mm kunosayizi wangempela wezikhonkwane.

(3). Ngembobo (VIA)

Ngokuvamile 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);

Lapho ukuminyana kwentambo kuphezulu, usayizi womgodi ungancishiswa ngokufanele, kepha hhayi omncane kakhulu, ungacubungula i-1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil).

(4). Izidingo zesikhala samapayipi, izintambo nezimbobo ezihamba phakathi

I-PAD ne-VIA: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

I-PAD ne-PAD: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

I-PAD ne-TRACK: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

Ukulandelela kanye nokulandela: ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)

Lapho ukuminyana kuphezulu:

I-PAD ne-VIA: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

I-PAD ne-PAD: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

I-PAD ne-TRACK: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

UMkhondo: ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)

Okwesihlanu: ukwenza kahle izintambo nokuphrinta kwesikrini. “Akukho okungcono kakhulu, okungcono kuphela”! Akunandaba noma ngabe uzikhandla kangakanani ekwakhiweni, uma usuqedile, kubheke futhi, futhi usazozwa ukuthi ungashintsha okuningi. Umthetho wokuklama ojwayelekile wesithupha ukuthi i-wiring efanele ithatha kabili ubude bokubamba izintambo kokuqala. Lapho usuzwa ukuthi akukho okudinga ukulungiswa, ungabeka ithusi. Indiza yePolygon). Ukubeka ithusi ngokuvamile kubekwa phansi ucingo (naka ukwahlukaniswa komhlaba we-analog nedijithali), ibhodi le-multilayer lingadinga nokubeka amandla. Ukuphrinta kwesikrini, kufanele sinake ukuthi singavinjelwa yidivayisi noma sisuswe yimbobo nephedi. Ngasikhathi sinye, idizayini yokubhekana nengxenye yengxenye, phansi kwegama kufanele kube ukucubungula kwesibuko, ukuze kungadidanisi ileveli.

Owesithupha: ukuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuhlolwa kwesakhiwo. Okokuqala, ngombono wokuthi ukwakheka okuhlelekile kulungile, amafayela enethiwekhi akhiqizwe enziwe ngamafayili kanye namafayela wenethiwekhi ahlelwe yi-NETCHECK yobudlelwano bokuxhumeka ngokomzimba, futhi idizayini ichitshiyelwa ngesikhathi ngokuya ngemiphumela yefayela lokukhipha ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kobudlelwano bezintambo zokuxhuma;

Ngemuva kokuthi isheke lenethiwekhi liphasiswe kahle, isheke le-DRC lizokwenziwa ekwakhiweni kwe-PCB, futhi umklamo uzochibiyelwa ngokuya ngemiphumela yefayela lokukhipha ngesikhathi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi kwentambo ye-PCB. Ekugcineni, isakhiwo sokufakwa kwemishini se-PCB kufanele sihlolwe futhi siqinisekiswe.

Okwesikhombisa: ukwenza amapuleti. Kungcono ukuthi ube nenqubo yokubuyekeza ngaphambi kokwenza kanjalo.

Idizayini ye-PCB isivivinyo somqondo womsebenzi, osondelene nengqondo, isipiliyoni esiphakeme, ukwakheka kwebhodi kuhle. Ngakho-ke ukwakheka kufanele kuqashelwe ngokweqile, kubhekwe ngokuphelele izici zazo zonke izici (njengokwenza lula ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa kwalokhu abantu abaningi abangakubheki), ubuhle, bazokwazi ukuklama ibhodi elihle.