Halogens i ka bipheny polychlorinated

Inā ʻoe e nīnau i ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻolālā i hea nā mea halogen i a PCB loaʻa, kanalua paha lākou e haʻi iā ʻoe. ʻIke mau ʻia nā halogens i nā retardants o ka lapalapa brominated (BFR), nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka chlorinated a me polyvinyl chloride (PVC). ʻAʻole maopopo ʻo Halogens i ka pōʻino i kēlā me kēia ʻano a i ʻole ka manaʻo, a ʻaʻohe pilikia olakino me ka paʻa ʻana i nā paipu PVC a i ʻole ka inu ʻana i ka wai paipu. Inā ʻoe e kuni i kēlā pahu a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kinoea chlorine i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā i haki ai ka plastic, he moʻolelo ʻokoʻa paha ia. ʻO kēia ka pilikia nui me nā halogens i ka uila. Hiki iā lākou ke paʻi ʻia ma ka hopena o ka pōʻaiapuni PCB ola. No laila, ma hea ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā halogen ma ka papa kaapuni?

E like me kāu e ʻike ai, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ʻo PVC no ka paipu wale nō, akā no ka insulation uea, a no laila he kumu ia o nā halogens. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā solvents chlorinated e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka PCBS i ka wā hana. Hoʻohana ʻia ka BFR no nā laminates PCB e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ke ahi papa. I kēia manawa ua nānā mākou i ke kumu nui o nā halogens i ke kaapuni, he aha kā mākou e hana ai?

PCogen manuahi ʻo Halogen

E like me nā koi alakaʻi ʻole ʻo RoHS, pono nā kūlana halogen-free CM e hoʻohana i nā mea hou a me nā ʻano hana hana. E like me nā palena kūikawā “halogen-free” i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā hui like ʻole. ʻO ka wehewehe IEC o nā halogen ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka chlorine a me ka bromine ma lalo o 900 PPM a me nā halogens āpau ma lalo o 1500 PPM, ʻoiai ʻo RoHS kona mau palena ponoʻī.

I kēia manawa no ke aha e ʻōlelo ai i ka “halogen-free”? ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā maʻamau e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka halogen-noa kāu papa. No ka laʻana, kuhikuhi ʻo IPC i nā hoʻokolohua no ka ʻike ʻana i nā halogens i ka PCBS, ka mea maʻamau e ʻike i nā halogen paʻa ionic. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā halogens i loaʻa i ka flux paʻa paʻa i ka covalently, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka hōʻike ke ʻike iā lākou. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i kahi pepa halogen maoli, pono ʻoe e hele ma mua o nā koi maʻamau.

Inā ʻoe e ʻimi ana i kahi kumu kikoʻī o nā halogens, hoʻokahi ʻo TBBPA, ʻo ia ka BFR e hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā lamineka. I mea e hoʻopau ai i kēia wahi hoʻomaka, pono ʻoe e wehewehe i nā laminate ʻaʻohe halogen, e like me nā laminate kumu phosphorus hana. Hiki i kāu flux a me ka solder ke hoʻokomo i nā halogens i loko o ka PCB, no laila pono ʻoe e kūkākūkā pū me CM i nā mea ʻē aʻe e noho ai ma laila. Hiki ke ʻeha ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hou a me nā ʻenehana ma nā papa, akā loaʻa i nā kaapuni halogen-free kekahi mau pono. Loaʻa i ka PCBS ʻole Halogen ka hilinaʻi wela-dissipation maikaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou no nā kaʻina wela kiʻekiʻe i koi ʻia no nā kaʻa kaʻa alakaʻi ʻole. Loaʻa iā lākou ka permittivity haʻahaʻa inā makemake ʻoe e mālama i ka pono o ka hōʻailona.

ʻO ka hoʻolālā papa ʻaʻohe Halogen

Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o nā papa halogen-free i ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻonui paʻakikī ʻaʻole wale i ka hana hana akā i ka hoʻolālā. ʻO kahi laʻana maikaʻi nā mea kūʻai manuahi halogen a me nā fluxes. Hiki i nā ʻano like ʻole halogen ke hoʻololi i ka lakene o ka solder i ka flux a hoʻoulu i nā ʻōpala. ʻO kēia kahi e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka solder i loko o kahi pōpō nui ma mua o ka puʻunaue ʻana i ka hui. ʻO kahi ala e hoʻoponopono ai i kēia pilikia, ʻo ia ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pad me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻi solder a hōʻemi i nā hemahema.

Nui nā mea hou i loaʻa i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā ponoʻī, a pono paha ʻoe e hoʻopili i ka mea hana a hana i kekahi noiʻi ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou. Ke piʻi aʻe nei nā papa halogen-free, akā ʻaʻole i ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Pono ʻoe e kamaʻilio me kāu CM e ʻike inā hiki iā lākou ke hana i ka PCBS mai nā mea halogen manuahi.

Ke hele nei ka manawa, ʻike mākou ʻo ka nui a me ka nui o nā mea a mākou e hoʻohana ai i kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino iā mākou. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻomohala ai nā hui e like me IEC i nā kūlana papa halogen-free. E hoʻomanaʻo i kahi e loaʻa mau ai nā halogens (BFR, solvent, and insulation), no laila inā makemake ʻoe i ka halogen-free, ʻike ʻoe i nā halogens e pani ai. ʻAe nā kūlana ʻokoʻa i nā halogens like ʻole, a ʻike ʻole ʻia kekahi ʻano o nā halogens. Pono ʻoe e hana i ka noiʻi ma mua e maopopo i ka wahi o nā wahi pilikia ma ka PCB. Ke ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hoʻohana ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e nānā me ka mea hana a me CM e hoʻoholo ai i ke ala maikaʻi loa i mua. Pono paha ʻoe e hoʻololi i ka hoʻolālā a i ʻole hana pū me CM ma kekahi mau hana hana e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō pono ʻana o kāu papa.