Ama-halogens ku-polychlorinated bipheny

Uma ubuza abaklami abaningi ukuthi izakhi ze-halogen ku- PCB zitholakele, kuyangabazeka ukuthi bazokutshela. Ama-halogen avame ukutholakala kuma-brominated flame retardants (BFR), izinyibilikisi ezine-chlorinated kanye ne-polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Ama-Halogen ngokusobala ayinangozi ngazo zonke izindlela noma ngokuhlushwa, futhi azikho izinkinga zempilo ngokubamba amapayipi e-PVC noma ukuphuza amanzi ompompi. Uma ubungashisa lelo shubhu bese uhogela igesi ye-chlorine ekhishwa lapho ipulasitiki iphuka, lokho kungase kube indaba ehlukile. Lena inkinga enkulu ngama-halogen ku-electronics. Zingashicilelwa ekugcineni komjikelezo wempilo we-PCB. Ngakho-ke, kuphi ngempela lapho uthola khona ama-halogen ebhodini lesifunda?

Njengoba wazi, i-PVC ayisetshenziselwa ukubhobhoza kuphela, kodwa futhi nokufakwa kwezintambo, ngakho-ke ingaba umthombo wama-halogens. Izinyibilikisi ezine-chlorine zingasetshenziswa ukuhlanza i-PCBS ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. I-BFR isetshenziselwa i-PCB laminates ukunciphisa ingozi yomlilo webhodi. Manje njengoba sesihlole umthombo oyinhloko wama-halogen kusekethe, yini okufanele siyenze ngawo?

I-PCB yamahhala ye-Halogen

Njengezidingo zokungaholeli ze-RoHS, amazinga angenayo i-halogen adinga ukuthi i-CM isebenzise izinto ezintsha nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Njenganoma yimuphi umkhawulo ojwayelekile “we-halogen-free” obekwe izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene. Incazelo ye-IEC yama-halogen ayiqukethe i-chlorine ne-bromine ngaphansi kuka-900 PPM nama-halogen aphelele angaphansi kuka-1500 PPM, kanti i-RoHS inemikhawulo yayo.

Manje kungani ucaphuna i- “halogen-free”? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuhlangabezana namazinga akuqinisekisi ukuthi ibhodi lakho alinayo i-halogen. Isibonelo, i-IPC inquma ukuhlolwa kokuthola ama-halogen ku-PCBS, ngokuvamile athola ama-halogen ahlanganisiwe e-ionic. Kodwa-ke, ama-halogen amaningi atholakala ku-flux aboshwe ngokuhlanganyela, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa akukwazi ukuwathola. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwenza ishidi elingena-halogen ngempela, udinga ukweqa izidingo ezijwayelekile.

Uma ufuna umthombo othile wama-halogen, owodwa yi-TBBPA, okuyi-BFR evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-laminates. Ukuqeda leli phuzu lokuqala, udinga ukucacisa ama-laminates angenayo i-halogen, njengama-laminates asebenzayo e-phosphorus base. I-flux yakho ne-solder ingase yethule ama-halogen ku-PCB, ngakho-ke uzodinga futhi ukuxoxa ne-CM ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezingaba khona lapho. Kungaba buhlungu ukusebenzisa izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe emabhodini, kodwa amasekhethi angenayo i-halogen anezinzuzo ezithile. I-PCBS engenawo ama-halogen ngokuvamile inokwethenjwa okuhle kokukhipha ukushisa, okusho ukuthi ifaneleka kangcono izinqubo zokushisa okuphezulu ezidingekayo kumasekhethi angenawo umthofu. Futhi ngokuvamile banemvume ephansi uma ufuna ukulondoloza ubuqotho besignali.

Idizayini yebhodi engenaHalogen

Izinzuzo zamabhodi angenayo i-halogen ziza ngezindleko zobunzima obukhulayo hhayi kuphela kwinqubo yokukhiqiza kodwa nasekwakheni. Isibonelo esihle ama-solders angenama-halogen nama-flux. Izinhlobo ezingenayo i-halogen kwesinye isikhathi zingashintsha isilinganiso se-solder ku-flux futhi zidale imihuzuko. Yilapho i-solder ihlangana khona ibe yibhola elikhulu kunokuba isatshalaliswe kulo lonke ukujoyina. Enye indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ukuchaza kangcono iphedi ngefilimu yokuvimbela. Lokhu kuzokhulisa ukunamathisela kwe-solder futhi kunciphise ukukhubazeka.

Izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo ezintsha zinemiklamo yazo, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi uxhumane nomkhiqizi noma wenze ucwaningo ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa. Amabhodi angenayo i-halogen ayanda, kodwa awekho emhlabeni wonke. Kufanele futhi ukhulume ne-CM yakho ukuze ubone ukuthi ingabe inamandla okwenza i-PCBS ngezinto zamahhala ze-halogen.

Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, sibonakala sithola ukuthi izinto eziningi esizisebenzisa nsuku zonke zibeka engcupheni yezempilo kithi. Yingakho izinhlangano ezifana ne-IEC zenza amazinga ebhodi angenayo i-halogen. Khumbula lapho kuvame ukutholakala khona ama-halogen (i-BFR, i-solvent, ne-insulation), ngakho-ke uma udinga i-halogen-free, uyazi ukuthi imaphi ama-halogen okufanele uwashintshe. Amazinga ahlukene avumela amanani ahlukene ama-halogen, futhi izinhlobo ezithile zama-halogen zingase zibonakale noma zingatholakali. Udinga ukwenza ucwaningo kusengaphambili ukuze uqonde indawo yezindawo zezinkinga ku-PCB. Uma usuwazi ukuthi iyiphi impahla okufanele uyisebenzise, ​​kungcono ukuthi uhlole nomkhiqizi kanye ne-CM ukuze uthole indlela engcono kakhulu eya phambili. Ungadinga ukulungisa ukwakheka noma usebenze ne-CM kuzinyathelo ezithile zokukhiqiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi lakho ligcwaliswe ngempumelelo.