Koho i ka mānoanoa PCB a lilo i kumuhana ke a papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia (PCB) loaʻa i kahi mea hana i kahi ʻōlelo e noi ana i kahi hoʻolālā multilayer a me nā koina mea ʻaʻole lawa a ʻaʻole i haʻi ʻia. I kekahi manawa hana kēia no ka mea ʻaʻohe mea nui ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea pono PCB no ka hana ʻana; If the overall thickness requirement is met, the end user may not care about the thickness or type of each layer.

Akā i nā manawa ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana a pono ka ka mānoanoa e kāohi paʻa ʻia no ka hana ʻoi loa. If the PCB designer clearly communicates all requirements in the documentation, then the manufacturer will know what the requirements are and will set the materials accordingly.

Pono e noʻonoʻo nā mea hoʻolālā PCB i nā pilikia

Kōkua ia i ka poʻe hoʻolālā e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea i loaʻa a hoʻohana mau ʻia, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i nā lula hoʻolālā kūpono e kūkulu wikiwiki a pololei hoʻi iā PCBS. ʻO ka mea aʻe kahi wehewehe pōkole e makemake ai nā mea hana e hoʻohana, a he aha ka mea e pono ai lākou e huli i ka hana me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole i kāu papahana.

Hoʻomaopopo i ke kumukūʻai laminate PCB a me ka papa inoa

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ke kūʻai ʻia aku o nā mea lamineka PCB a hana i loko o kahi “ʻōnaehana” a ʻo ka mea nui a me ka prepreg i mālama ʻia e ka mea hana no ka hoʻohana koke ʻana mai ka ʻōnaehana like. In other words, the constituent elements are all parts of a particular product, but with some variations, such as thickness, copper weight and prepreg style. Ma waho aʻe o ka kamaʻāina a me ka hana hou ʻana, aia kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe e hoʻopaʻa i kahi palena o nā ʻano laminate.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana prepreg a me loko e hana pū, akā ʻaʻole holo pono paha ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka hui pū me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. For example, the Isola 370HR core material will not be used in the same stack as the Nelco 4000-13 prepreg. It’s possible they’ll work together in some situations, but more likely they won’t. Lawe nā ʻōnaehana hybrid iā ʻoe i kahi ʻāina i uncharted ʻole, kahi e hiki ʻole ai ke lawe ʻia nā ʻano mea (ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ke hoʻohana ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana like). Careless or unwitting mixing and matching of material types can lead to serious failures, so no manufacturer will mix and match unless the type is proven to be suitable for “mixed” stacking.

ʻO kekahi kumu e mālama ai i kahi papa inoa o nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe o ka hōʻoia UL, no laila he mea maʻamau i ka ʻoihana PCB e kaupalena i ka helu o nā hōʻoia i kahi koho liʻiliʻi o nā mea. Manufacturers will often agree to make products on laminate without standard stock, but be aware that they cannot provide UL certification through QC documentation. He koho maikaʻi kēia no nā hoʻolālā UL ʻole inā e hōʻike ʻia a ʻae ʻia i ka wā mua a kamaʻāina ka mea hana i nā koina hana o ka ʻōnaehana laminating i nīnau ʻia. For UL work, it is best to find out the manufacturer inventory of your choice and design boards to match it.

Ipc-4101d and foil construction

I kēia manawa i ka puka ākea kēia mau ʻike, aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe e ʻike ma mua o ka lele ʻana i ka hoʻolālā. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kikoʻī ʻana i nā lamineka e like me ka ʻikepili kikoʻī IPC-4101D a ʻaʻole e kapa inoa i nā huahana kikoʻī ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea āpau ke mālama.

Secondly, it is easiest to construct multiple layers using the “foil” construction method. Foil construction means that the top and bottom layers (outer) are made from a single piece of copper foil and laminated to the remaining layers with prepreg. ʻOiai paha he mea maʻalahi ke kūkulu i kahi PCB 8-layer me ʻehā mau ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka foil ma waho, a laila ʻekolu mau ʻāpana no L2-L3, L4-L5, a me L6-L7. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, e hoʻolālā e hoʻolālā i kahi stack multi-layer a ʻo ka helu o nā ʻola penei: (ka helu piha o nā papa i hoʻemi ʻia 2) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e 2. A laila, pono e ʻike i kekahi mea e pili ana i nā waiwai nui. ʻO lākou iho.

Hāʻawi ʻia ke kumu i kahi PIECE i hoola piha ʻia o FR4 me ke keleawe pani ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. He mānoanoa ka laulā o Cores, a mālama pinepine ʻia nā nui i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā waihona nui. ʻO kēia nā mānoanoa e noʻonoʻo ai, keu pono ʻoe e kauoha i nā huahana hoʻohuli wikiwiki i ʻole ʻoe e hoʻonele i ka manawa alakaʻi o ke kauoha e kali nei no nā mea kū ʻole i ka pae mai ka mea hāʻawi.

ʻO ka hao hao a me ka mānoanoa o ke keleawe

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpau e hana i ka 0.062 “0.005” manoanoa manoanoa, 0.008 “, 0.014”, 0.021, 0.028 “, a me 0.039”. ʻO ka Inventory o 0.047 “he maʻa mau nō hoʻi, no ka mea hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa e kūkulu i nā papa 2-layer. ʻO ke kumu ʻē aʻe e mālama mau ʻia ʻo 0.059 i loko., No ka mea hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā papa 2-ply i 0.062 i loko. Mānoanoa, akā hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia no nā papa māhuahua māhuahua, e like me 0.093 i. No kēia kūlana, palena mākou i ka laulā i kahi hoʻolālā kumu me ka mānoanoa hope loa o 0.062 iniha.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ke keleawe mai ka hapalua auneke a i ka ʻekolu a i ka ʻehā auneke, kaukaʻi ʻia ma ka huikau huahana a ka mea hana ponoʻī, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā waihona i loko o ʻelua auneke a ʻoi iki paha. E hoʻomanaʻo i kēia a hoʻomanaʻo e kokoke i nā lāʻau āpau e hoʻohana i ke kaupaona keleawe like ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kumu. E hoʻāʻo e hōʻalo i nā koina hoʻolālā PCB e koi ana i nā keleawe ʻokoʻa ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, no ka mea pinepine kēia i kahi kūʻai kūikawā a koi paha i kahi kauoha wikiwiki (lawe wikiwiki), i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hālāwai me ke kauoha liʻiliʻi a ka mea hāʻawi.

ʻO kahi laʻana, inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana i 1oz keleawe ma kahi mokulele a hoʻolālā e hoʻohana i ka H oz o ka hōʻailona, ​​e noʻonoʻo e hana i ka mokulele ma H oz a hoʻonui paha i ka hōʻailona iā 1oz e hoʻohana i ke kumu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e like me ke keleawe me ke kaupaona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā koina uila o ka hoʻolālā a lawa nā wahi XY e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i nā lula ākea / hoʻolālā ākea e hālāwai me ka palena iki o 1oz ma ka papa hōʻailona. Inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i kēia mau kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana e like me ke kaupaona keleawe. Inā ʻole, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau lā keu o ka manawa kēpau.

Ke manaʻo nei ua koho ʻoe i ka mānoanoa kikoʻī kūpono a me ke kaupaona keleawe i loaʻa, hoʻohana ʻia nā hui like ʻole o nā lau prepreg e hoʻokumu i nā wahi dielectric i koe a hiki i ka hōʻea ʻana o ka mānoanoa i koi ʻia. No nā hoʻolālā i koi ʻole i ka kaohi impedance, hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i ka koho prepreg i ka mea hana. E hoʻohana lākou i kā lākou mana “mana” i makemake ʻia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā koi impedance, e haʻi i kēia mau koi i nā palapala i hiki i ka mea hana ke hoʻoponopono i ka nui o prepreg ma waena o nā ʻiʻo e hoʻokō i nā waiwai i kuhikuhi ʻia.

Kaohi Impedance

Inā koi ʻia ka impedance a i ʻole ʻaʻole, ʻaʻole ia e koi ʻia e hoʻāʻo e palapala i ka ʻano a me ka mānoanoa o prepreg no kēlā me kēia wahi ke ʻole ʻoe mākaukau i kēia hana.ʻO ka manawa pinepine, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia nā ʻano kikoʻī kikoʻī, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopanee. Ma kahi o, hiki i kāu kiʻikuhi puʻupuʻu ke hōʻike i ka mānoanoa o ka paʻa o ka papa o loko a hōʻike i ke “kūlana prepreg i koi ʻia e pili ana i ka impedance a me nā koi mānoanoa āpau”. This allows manufacturers to create ideal laminations to match your design.

ʻO ka ʻikepili

Kahi papa kuhikuhi o nā kumu nui i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā waihona e kū nei he mea nui ia e hōʻalo ai i nā lohi kūpono ʻole i ke kauoha ʻana i nā huli wikiwiki me nā manawa kikoʻī. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā mea hana PCB i nā hanana multilayer like e pili ana i ka kernel like me kā lākou mea hoʻokūkū. Inā ʻaʻole pilikino ka PCB, ʻaʻohe hana hoʻokalakupua a hana huna paha. Therefore, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the preferred material for a particular layer and making every effort to design a PCB to match it. E loaʻa mau nā mea ʻē aʻe no nā koi hoʻolālā kikoʻī, akā i ka laulā, ʻo nā mea maʻamau nā koho maikaʻi loa.