Kusankha makulidwe a PCB pachimake kumakhala vuto pamene bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) wopanga amalandila mtengo wofunsira zojambula zingapo ndipo zosowa zakuthupi sizokwanira kapena sananene konse. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika chifukwa kuphatikiza zida zoyambira za PCB zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito sikofunikira pakuchita; If the overall thickness requirement is met, the end user may not care about the thickness or type of each layer.

Koma nthawi zina, magwiridwe antchito ndiofunika kwambiri ndipo makulidwe amafunika kuwongoleredwa kuti agwire bwino ntchito. If the PCB designer clearly communicates all requirements in the documentation, then the manufacturer will know what the requirements are and will set the materials accordingly.

Nkhani zomwe opanga ma PCB akuyenera kuziganizira

Zimathandiza opanga kumvetsetsa zinthu zomwe zilipo komanso zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo oyenera kuti apange PCBS mwachangu komanso molondola. Chotsatira ndikulongosola mwachidule zomwe opanga zinthu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi zomwe angafunikire kuti azisinthasintha ntchito mwachangu osazengereza polojekiti yanu.

Mvetsetsani mtengo wopangira ma PCB ndi kusanja

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti zida zopangira laminate za PCB zimagulitsidwa ndikugwira ntchito mu “dongosolo” ndikuti zinthu zoyambira ndi prereg zomwe zimasungidwa ndi wopanga kuti azigwiritse ntchito nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri zimakhala za dongosolo lomwelo. In other words, the constituent elements are all parts of a particular product, but with some variations, such as thickness, copper weight and prepreg style. Kuphatikiza pa kuzolowera komanso kubwereza, pali zifukwa zina zosungira mitundu yochepa ya mitundu ya laminate.

Machitidwe amakonzedwe amkati ndi amkati amapangidwa kuti agwire ntchito limodzi, koma mwina sangagwire bwino ntchito akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, zakuthupi za Isola 370HR sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mulu womwewo monga Nelco 4000-13 prereg. It’s possible they’ll work together in some situations, but more likely they won’t. Makina osakanizidwa amakufikitsani kumalo osadziwika, komwe machitidwe azida (odziwika bwino akagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati machitidwe ofanana) sangathenso kutengedwa mopepuka. Careless or unwitting mixing and matching of material types can lead to serious failures, so no manufacturer will mix and match unless the type is proven to be suitable for “mixed” stacking.

Chifukwa china chosungira zinthu zopapatiza ndizokwera mtengo kwa up certification, motero ndizofala pamsika wa PCB kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa zitsimikiziro pazida zochepa. Manufacturers will often agree to make products on laminate without standard stock, but be aware that they cannot provide UL certification through QC documentation. Ichi ndi chisankho chabwino pamapangidwe osakhala a UL ngati awululidwa ndikuvomerezana pasadakhale ndipo wopanga amadziwa bwino zomwe akufuna kukonza pamakina a laminating. For UL work, it is best to find out the manufacturer inventory of your choice and design boards to match it.

Ipc-4101d and foil construction

Tsopano popeza izi zadziwika, pali zinthu zina ziwiri zoti mudziwe musanadumphe kapangidwe kake. Choyamba, ndibwino kutchula ma laminates molingana ndi mafotokozedwe amakampani IPC-4101D osati kutchula zinthu zomwe aliyense sangakhale nazo.

Secondly, it is easiest to construct multiple layers using the “foil” construction method. Kupanga zojambulazo kumatanthauza kuti magawo apamwamba ndi apansi (akunja) amapangidwa kuchokera ku chidutswa chimodzi cha zojambulazo zamkuwa ndikulipaka mpaka zotsalira ndi prereg. Ngakhale zingawoneke ngati zomveka kupanga PCB yosanjikiza ya 8 yokhala ndi ma cores anayi okhala mbali ziwiri, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo kunja koyamba, kenako ma cores atatu a L2-L3, L4-L5, ndi L6-L7. Mwanjira ina, konzekerani kupanga masanjidwe angapo kuti kuchuluka kwa ma cores akhale motere: (ziwerengero zonse zosanjikiza 2) zogawidwa ndi 2. Chotsatira, ndikofunikira kudziwa zinazake zazinthu zazikulu. Okha.

Mutuwo umaperekedwa mu PIECE yochiritsidwa ya FR4 ndi mkuwa wokutidwa mbali zonse. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo kukula kwake komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumasungidwa m’matangadza akulu. Awa ndi makulidwe oti mukumbukire, makamaka mukafunika kuitanitsa zinthu zosintha mwachangu kuti musawononge nthawi yayitali yoitanitsa zinthu zomwe sizoyenera kubwera kuchokera kwa omwe amagawa.

Common chitsulo pachimake ndi mkuwa makulidwe

Ma cores omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga 0.062 “ma multilayers wandiweyani ndi 0.005”, 0.008 “, 0.014”, 0.021, 0.028 “, ndi 0.039”. Chiwerengero cha 0.047 “ndichofala, chifukwa nthawi zina chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa awiri. Phata lina lomwe lidzasungidwe nthawi zonse ndi 0.059 mkati., Chifukwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma board a 2-ply omwe ali 0.062 mkati. Wambiri, koma atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokha pokha pokha, monga 0.093 mkati. Pochita izi, timachepetsa kukula kwake pakapangidwe kakang’ono kokhala ndi makulidwe omaliza a inchi 0.062.

Makulidwe amkuwa amachokera theka mpaka theka mpaka ma ola atatu, kutengera mtundu wa zomwe zimapangidwa ndiopanga, koma masheya ambiri amatha kukhala ma ola awiri kapena ochepera. Kumbukirani izi ndipo kumbukirani kuti pafupifupi masheya onse azigwiritsa ntchito kulemera kwamkuwa komweko mbali zonse ziwiri. Yesetsani kupewa zofunikira pakapangidwe ka PCB komwe kumafunikira mkuwa wosiyanasiyana mbali iliyonse, chifukwa nthawi zambiri izi zimafuna kugula kwapadera ndipo kumafunikira chiwombankhanga (kutumiza mwachangu), nthawi zina osakumana ndi dongosolo logawira ochepa.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito 1oz yamkuwa pa ndege ndikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha H oz, lingalirani zopanga ndege ku H oz kapena kuwonjezera chizindikirocho ku 1oz kuti magwiritsidwe ake azigwiritsa ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri ngati mkuwa ndi kulemera. Zachidziwikire, mutha kuchita izi ngati mutha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi pamapangidwewo ndikukhala ndi malo okwanira a XY kuti mukwaniritse malamulo owonjezera / mapangidwe apangidwe kuti mukwaniritse 1oz yocheperako pazizindikiro. Ngati mutha kukwaniritsa izi, ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito ngati cholemera chamkuwa. Kupanda kutero, mungafunike kuganizira masiku owonjezera ochepa a nthawi yotsogola.

Poganiza kuti mwasankha makulidwe oyenera amkati ndi kulemera kwake kwamkuwa, mitundu yambiri yamapepala a prereg imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa malo otsala a dielectric mpaka makulidwe onse ofunikira atakwaniritsidwa. Kwa mapangidwe omwe safuna kuwongolera ma impedance, mutha kusiya njira yoyikira kwa wopanga. Adzagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wawo womwe amakonda. Kumbali inayi, ngati muli ndi zofunikira za impedance, fotokozerani izi muzolemba kuti wopanga azitha kusintha kuchuluka kwa prereg pakati pama cores kuti akwaniritse zomwe zanenedwa.

Kuletsa kuyimitsa

Kaya kuwongolera ma impedance kumafunika kapena ayi, sikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyesere kulemba mtundu ndi makulidwe a prepreg pamalo aliwonse pokhapokha mutakhala odziwa izi.Nthawi zambiri, masheya oterewa pamapeto pake amafunika kusintha, kuti atha kuchedwetsa. M’malo mwake, chithunzi chanu chokwanira chitha kuwonetsa makulidwe amkati amkati wosanjikiza ndikuwonetsa “prereg malo ofunikira kutengera kutengera kwa impedance komanso makulidwe ake onse”. This allows manufacturers to create ideal laminations to match your design.

Mbiriyo

Katundu woyenera wazinthu zomwe zilipo kale ndikofunikira kuti tipewe kuchedwa kosafunikira mukamayitanitsa kutembenuka mwachangu ndi nthawi yolimba. Ambiri opanga ma PCB amagwiritsanso ntchito mitundu yama multilayer yofanana ndi kernel yofanana ndi omwe amapikisana nawo. Pokhapokha ngati PCB yasinthidwa bwino, palibe matsenga kapena zomanga zobisika. Chifukwa chake, ndi koyenera kudzidziwitsa nokha zinthu zomwe mumakonda pazosanjikiza ndikuyesetsa kupanga PCB kuti izifanane nayo. Nthawi zonse pamakhala kusiyanasiyana pakapangidwe kapangidwe kake, koma kwakukulu, zida zoyambira ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri.