Pepala ili likufotokoza mwachidule njira yopangira mapulogalamu PCB dongosolo loyang’anira malamulo (DRC). Kamangidwe ka PCB kamene kamagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chida chozungulira, DRC ikhoza kuyendetsedwa kuti ipeze zolephera zilizonse zomwe zimaphwanya malamulo a PCB. Izi ziyenera kuchitika asanayambe kukonza, ndipo wopanga makina oyendetsa dera ayenera kupereka zida za DRC zomwe opanga ma PCB ambiri amatha kuzidziwa.

Pali zabwino zambiri polemba nokha PCB kapangidwe kanu kaulamuliro. Ngakhale makina opanga ma PCB siosavuta, siosatheka, chifukwa aliyense wopanga ma PCB omwe amadziwa mapulogalamu kapena zilankhulo zomwe atha kuzichita, ndipo maubwino ake ndiosaneneka.

Komabe, zida zogulitsidwa pazinthu nthawi zambiri sizimasinthasintha mokwanira kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za PCB. Zotsatira zake, zofunikira zatsopano zimayenera kufotokozedwa ndi makasitomala kwa omwe amapanga zida za DRC, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatenga ndalama ndi nthawi, makamaka ngati zofunikira zikusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Mwamwayi, opanga zida zambiri amatha kupatsa makasitomala awo njira yosavuta yolembera DRC yawo kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zawo. Komabe, chida champhamvuchi sichidziwika kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chitsogozo chothandiza kwambiri pazida za DRC.

Popeza DRC iyenera kudutsa pa PCB kuti ipange dera lonselo, kuphatikiza chizindikiro chilichonse, pini iliyonse, netiweki iliyonse, malingaliro aliwonse, ndikupanga mafayilo opanda “zowonjezera” ngati kuli kofunikira. Monga tafotokozera mu Gawo 4.0, DRC imatha kuyambitsa zopatuka zazing’ono pamalamulo opanga PCB. Mwachitsanzo, imodzi mwamafayilo ophatikizidwayo itha kukhala ndi ma capacitor onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga PCB. Ngati kuchuluka kwa capacitance kuli kotsika kapena kupitilira momwe amayembekezeredwa, zilembo zofiira zidzaikidwa komwe mavuto amtundu wa DV / DT angachitike. Mafayilowa angakhale ofunikira, koma samapangidwa ndi chida chilichonse cha DRC.

Momwe mungapangire THE PCB rule checker DRC

Ubwino wina wa DRC ndikuti imatha kusinthidwa mosavuta kuti ikwaniritse mawonekedwe atsopano a PCB, monga omwe angakhudze malamulo opangira PCB. Kuphatikiza apo, mukapeza chidziwitso chokwanira m’derali, pali zina zambiri zomwe mutha kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mungathe kulemba DRC yanu, mutha kulemba chida chanu chokhazikitsira BOM kuti muthane ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, monga momwe mungapezere “zida zowonjezera” (monga masoketi, ma radiator, kapena ma screwdrivers) pazinthu zomwe sizili okha gawo lazosanja lazithunzi za dera. Kapenanso wopanga ma PCB amatha kulemba chowunikira chake cha Verilog netlist ndi kusinthasintha kokwanira pamapangidwe a PCB, monga momwe mungapezere mitundu ya Verilog kapena mafayilo amanthawi oyenera chida china. M’malo mwake, chifukwa DRC imadutsa chithunzi chonse cha mapangidwe a PCB, ndizotheka kupeza zidziwitso zonse kuti zitulutse zoyeserera ndi / kapena BOM yofunikira pakuwunika kwa PCB Verilog netlist.

Kungakhale kutambasula kukambirana mitu iyi popanda kupereka pulogalamu iliyonse, chifukwa chake tigwiritsa ntchito chida chojambulira dera ngati chitsanzo. Nkhaniyi imagwiritsa ntchito kampani ya Mentor Graphics kuti ipange chida cha ViewDraw chophatikizidwa ndi mzere wazogulitsa wa PADS-Designer. Kuphatikiza apo, tidagwiritsa ntchito chida cha ViewBase, chomwe ndi laibulale yosavuta ya C yomwe ingatchulidwe kuti ipeze database ya ViewDraw. Ndi chida cha ViewBase, opanga ma PCB amatha kulemba mosavuta zida zonse za DRC za ViewDraw mu C / C. It is important to note that the basic principles discussed here apply to any other PCB schematic tool.

Fayilo yolowetsera

Kuphatikiza pa database ya dera, DRC ifunikiranso mafayilo olowera omwe amatha kufotokozera zochitika zina, monga dzina la netiweki yamagetsi yolumikizidwa ndi ndege yamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati network ya POWER itchedwa MPHAMVU, ndege ya POWER imalumikizidwa ndi ndege ya POWER pogwiritsa ntchito phukusi lakumapeto (monga logwirira ntchito ViewDrawpcbfwd). Otsatirawa ndi mndandanda wamafayilo olowera omwe akuyenera kuyikidwa pamalo okhazikika padziko lonse lapansi kuti DRC ipeze ndikutha kuwerenga, ndikusunga izi mkati ku DRC nthawi yothamanga.

Zizindikiro zina ziyenera kukhala ndi zikhomo zamagetsi zakunja chifukwa sizimalumikizidwa ndi zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi zamtundu uliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, zikhomo za ECL za VCC zimalumikizidwa ndi VCC kapena GROUND; Pini yake ya VEE imatha kulumikizidwa ku GROUND kapena ndege ya -5.0V. Kuphatikiza apo, pini yamagetsi yamagetsi imatha kulumikizidwanso ndi fyuluta isanafike pazingwe zamagetsi.

Pini yamagetsi yamagetsi siyimangirizidwa pachizindikiro cha chida. M’malo mwake, malo achizindikiro (otchedwa SIGNAL apa) amafotokoza kuti ndi pini iti yomwe ili pini yamagetsi kapena pini ndikufotokozera dzina la netiweki lomwe piniyo iyenera kulumikizidwa.

CHizindikiro = VCC: 10

SIGNAL = PANSI: 20

DRC imatha kuwerenga malowa ndikuonetsetsa kuti dzina la netiweki lasungidwa mu fayilo ya malamulo_pwr_net_name. Ngati dzina la netiweki silinaphatikizidwe ndi legal_pwr_net_name, pini yamagetsi sidzalumikizidwa ndi ndege yamagetsi, lomwe ndi vuto lalikulu.

Lembani legal_pwr_net_name unsankhula. Fayiloyi ili ndi mayina onse ovomerezeka a POWER, monga VCC, V3_3P, ndi VDD. Pazida zadongosolo la PCB / mayendedwe, mayina amafunika kukhala osamala. Nthawi zambiri, VCC siyofanana ndi VCC kapena VCC. VCC itha kukhala yamagetsi 5.0V ndipo V3_3P ikhoza kukhala yamagetsi 3.3V.

Fayilo legal_pwr_net_name ndiyotheka, chifukwa fayilo yosinthira ya backend encapsulation nthawi zambiri imayenera kukhala ndi mayina amtundu wapa chingwe. Ngati CadencePCB imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chida cha Allegro wiring, dzina la fayilo la PCBFWD ndi Allegro.cfg ndipo ili ndi magawo otsatirawa:

PANSI: VSS CGND GND PANSI

Power supply: VCC VDD VEE V3_3P V2_5P 5V 12V

Ngati DRC imatha kuwerenga fayilo ya allegro.cfg mwachindunji m’malo mwa legal_pwr_net_name, ipeza zotsatira zabwino (mwachitsanzo, mwayi wocheperako zolakwika).