Kuyambira oyambirira a 1950s, a bolodi losindikizidwa (PCB) nthawi zonse yakhala gawo lofunikira pakuyika pakompyuta. Monga chonyamulira cha zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi ndi likulu la kufala kwa chizindikiro cha dera, khalidwe lake ndi kudalirika zimatsimikizira ubwino wa phukusi lonse lamagetsi. Ndi kudalirika. Ndi miniaturization, kulemera kopepuka ndi zofunikira zambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi, komanso kulimbikitsa njira zopanda kutsogolera komanso zopanda halogen, zofunikira za kudalirika kwa PCB zidzakhala zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba, momwe mungapezere zovuta zodalirika za PCB ndikupanga zofanana. miyeso Kuwongolera kudalirika kwakhala imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakampani a PCB.

Wamba PCB kudalirika mavuto ndi nthano wamba

Kusakhazikika bwino

(Osanyowetsa)

Kusawotchera (kusanyowetsa)

Kutulutsa

(Pillow effect)

Kugwirizana Koyipa

Layered Explosion Board

Tsegulani dera (kupyolera mu dzenje)

dera lotseguka

(Laser blind hole)

Open circuit (mzere)

Open circuit (ICD)

Short circuit (CAF)

Chigawo chachifupi (ECM)

Kuwotcha bolodi

Pakuwunika kwenikweni kwa zovuta zodalirika, njira yolephera yofananira yolephera ingakhale yovuta komanso yosiyana. Chifukwa chake, monganso kufufuza mlandu, pamafunika kulingalira kolondola, kulingalira mozama mozama komanso njira zowunikira zosiyanasiyana. Pezani chifukwa chenicheni chakulephera. Pochita izi, kunyalanyaza kulikonse mu ulalo uliwonse kungayambitse milandu “yopanda chilungamo, yabodza, komanso yoweruzidwa molakwika”.

Kusanthula kwathunthu kwa zovuta zodalirika zosonkhanitsira zidziwitso zakumbuyo

Chidziwitso cham’mbuyo ndicho maziko a kusanthula kulephera kwa zovuta zodalirika, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji machitidwe a kusanthula konse kotsatira, ndipo zimakhala ndi chikoka chotsimikizika pakutsimikiza kwamakina omaliza. Chifukwa chake, musanayambe kusanthula kulephera, zidziwitso zomwe zalephereka ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa momwe zingathere, nthawi zambiri kuphatikiza koma osangokhala:

(1) Kulephera kukula: zambiri zolephera za batch ndi kulephera kofananako

① Ngati pali vuto mu gulu limodzi popanga zinthu zambiri, kapena kulephera kuli kochepa, kuthekera kowongolera njira kwachilendo ndikokulirapo;

②Ngati gulu loyamba / magulu angapo ali ndi mavuto, kapena kulephera kuli kwakukulu, chikoka cha zipangizo ndi mapangidwe apangidwe sizingathetsedwe;

⑵Kuchiza kusanachitike: Kaya PCB kapena PCBA yadutsa njira zingapo zochizira zisanachitike. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kuphika kusanachitike, kutsekemera kopanda kutsogolo / kutsogolera, kutsekemera kopanda kutsogolo / kutsogolo kwa mafunde ndi kutsekemera kwamanja, ndi zina zotero. -mankhwala ndondomeko (solder phala, zitsulo mauna, solder waya, etc.)), zipangizo (soldering chitsulo mphamvu, etc.) ndi magawo (reflow pamapindikira, yoweyula soldering magawo, dzanja soldering kutentha, etc.) zambiri;

(3) Kulephera zochitika: The enieni pamene PCB kapena PCBA alephera, ena ali mu chisanadze processing monga soldering ndi msonkhano ndondomeko, monga solderability osauka, delamination, etc.; ena ali mu ukalamba wotsatira, kuyesa kapena Kulephera panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, monga CAF, ECM, kuwotcha, ndi zina zotero; ayenera kumvetsetsa ndondomeko yolephera ndi magawo okhudzana nawo mwatsatanetsatane;

Kulephera kwa PCB/PCBA kusanthula

Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zalephera ndizochepa, kapena ngakhale chimodzi chokha. Chifukwa chake, kuwunika kwa zinthu zomwe zalephera kuyenera kutsatira mfundo yakusanjikiza-ndi-wosanjikiza kuchokera kunja kupita mkati, kuchokera ku zosawononga mpaka zowononga, ndikupewa kuwononga msanga malowa:

(1) Kuyang’ana maonekedwe

Kuyang’ana maonekedwe ndi sitepe yoyamba pakuwunika kwa zinthu zomwe zalephera. Kupyolera mu maonekedwe a malo olephera komanso kuphatikizidwa ndi chidziwitso chakumbuyo, akatswiri ofufuza zolephera amatha kudziwa zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingalepheretsedwe ndikuchita kafukufuku wotsatira. Koma ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti pali njira zambiri zowonera mawonekedwe, kuphatikiza kuyang’ana kowoneka, galasi lokulitsa m’manja, galasi lokulitsa la desktop, maikulosikopu ya stereo ndi maikulosikopu yazitsulo. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa gwero la kuwala, mfundo yofananira, ndi kuya kwa kuwunika, mawonekedwe a zida zofananira ayenera kuwunikiridwa mwatsatanetsatane molumikizana ndi zida za zida. Pewani kuweruza mopupuluma kuti mupange zongoyerekeza, kupangitsa kulephera kukhala njira yolakwika ndikuwononga zinthu zosavomerezeka ndi kusanthula. nthawi.

(2) Kusanthula mozama kosawononga

Pazolephera zina, zowonera zokhazokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo chidziwitso chokwanira cholephera sichingasonkhanitsidwe, kapena ngakhale zolephera sizingapezeke, monga delamination, kuwotcherera zabodza, ndi kutsegula mkati. Pakadali pano, njira zina zowunikira zosawonongeka zimafunikira kuti muwonjezere zambiri, kuphatikiza kuzindikira zolakwika za Ultrasonic, 3D X-RAY, kujambula kwa infrared thermal, kuzindikira malo afupipafupi, ndi zina zambiri.

Mu gawo la kuyang’ana kwa maonekedwe ndi kusanthula kosawononga, m’pofunika kulabadira makhalidwe wamba kapena osiyana pakati pa zinthu zina zomwe zalephera, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chiganizo cha zigamulo zolephera. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa zambiri zokwanira mu gawo losawonongeka losawonongeka, mukhoza kuyamba kusanthula zowonongeka zowonongeka.

(3) Kusanthula zowonongeka

Kusanthula kwachiwonongeko kwa zinthu zomwe zalephera ndizofunikira komanso gawo lofunikira kwambiri, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatsimikizira kupambana kapena kulephera kwa kusanthula kulephera. Pali njira zambiri zowunikira zowonongeka, monga kusanthula ma electron microscopy & elemental analysis, horizontal/vertical sectioning, FTIR, ndi zina zotero, zomwe sizinafotokozedwe mu gawoli. Pakadali pano, njira yowunikira kulephera ndiyofunikira, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndikuzindikira ndi kuweruza kwa vuto lachilema, komanso kumvetsetsa kolondola komanso komveka bwino kwa njira yolephereka ndi njira yolephera, kuti mupeze chifukwa chenicheni cholephera.

Bare board PCB kusanthula

Pamene kulephera mlingo ndi mkulu, m`pofunika kusanthula anabala bolodi PCB, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga chowonjezera ku kulephera chifukwa kusanthula. Pamene kulephera chifukwa chopezedwa mu kulephera kusanthula mankhwala siteji ndi kuti chilema cha bolodi anabala PCB kuchititsa kulephera kudalirika, ndiye ngati anabala bolodi PCB ali ndi chilema chomwecho, pambuyo ndondomeko processing monga analephera mankhwala, ayenera kusonyeza yemweyo Momwemo kulephera mumalowedwe monga analephera mankhwala. Ngati njira yolephereka yomweyi siinapangidwenso, zitha kutanthauza kuti kusanthula chifukwa cha zomwe zidalephereka ndizolakwika, kapena zosakwanira.

Mayeso obwereza

Pamene mlingo kulephera ndi otsika kwambiri ndipo palibe thandizo angapezeke anabala bolodi PCB kusanthula, m`pofunika kuberekanso PCB zofooka ndi zina kuberekanso kulephera akafuna wa mankhwala analephera, kuti kusanthula kulephera amapanga kuzungulira chatsekedwa.

Poyang’anizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolephera zodalirika za PCB masiku ano, kusanthula kulephera kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira choyamba pakukonza mapangidwe, kukonza njira, ndi kusankha zinthu, ndipo ndiye poyambira kukula kodalirika. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwake, Xingsen Technology Central Laboratory yadzipereka pa kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kulephera kudalirika. Kuyambira m’magazini ino, pang’onopang’ono tidzafotokozera zomwe takumana nazo komanso zochitika zenizeni pakuwunika kulephera kudalirika.