Ukususela kwi-1950 yokuqala, i ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo (PCB) ibisoloko iyimodyuli esisiseko yokupakishwa kwe-elektroniki. Njengomthwali wamacandelo ahlukeneyo e-elektroniki kunye ne-hub yokuhanjiswa komqondiso wesekethe, umgangatho wayo kunye nokuthembeka kwayo kumisela umgangatho wayo yonke ukupakishwa kwe-elektroniki. Nokuthembeka. Nge-miniaturization, ubunzima obukhanyayo kunye neemfuno zemisebenzi emininzi yeemveliso ze-elektroniki, kunye nokukhuthazwa kweenkqubo ezingenalo ilothe kunye ne-halogen-free, iimfuno zokuthembeka kwe-PCB ziya kuba phezulu nangaphezulu, ngoko ke uzifumana njani ngokukhawuleza iingxaki zokuthembeka kwe-PCB kwaye wenze ezihambelanayo. imilinganiselo Ukuphuculwa kokuthembeka kube ngomnye wemiba ebalulekileyo kwiinkampani zePCB.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zokuthembeka kwePCB kunye neentsomi eziqhelekileyo

Ukuthengiswa kakubi

(Akamanzi)

Ukuthengiswa kakubi (ukungamanzi)

Ukunyusa

(Isiphumo somqamelo)

Ukudibanisa kakubi

Ibhodi yoKuqhushumba kweLayered

Vula isekethi (ngomngxuma)

isekethe evulekileyo

(Laser blind hole)

Vula isekethe (umgca)

Vula isekethe (ICD)

Isekethe emfutshane (CAF)

Isekethe emfutshane (ECM)

Ibhodi etshisiweyo

Kuhlalutyo lwangempela lokungaphumeleli kweengxaki zokuthembeka, indlela yokungaphumeleli yendlela yokungaphumeleli efanayo inokuba nzima kwaye ihluke. Ke ngoko, njengokuphanda ityala, kufuna ukucinga okuchanekileyo, ukucinga okunengqiqo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlalutya. Fumana oyena nobangela wokusilela. Kule nkqubo, nakuphi na ukungakhathali kuyo nayiphi na ikhonkco kunokubangela amatyala “angekho sikweni, abubuxoki, kwaye agwetywe ngokungalunganga”.

Uhlalutyo ngokubanzi lweengxaki ezithembekileyo zokuqokelelwa kolwazi lwangasemva

Ulwazi lwemvelaphi sisiseko sokuhlalutya ukungaphumeleli kwiingxaki zokuthembeka, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umkhwa wazo zonke iimvavanyo zokungaphumeleli ezilandelayo, kwaye zinempembelelo eqinisekileyo ekumiselweni kokugqibela kwendlela. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi kohlalutyo lokusilela, ulwazi olusemva kokusilela kufuneka luqokelelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:

(1) Umda wokungaphumeleli: ulwazi lwebhetshi yokungaphumeleli kunye nezinga lokungaphumeleli elihambelanayo

① Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwibhetshi enye kwimveliso yobuninzi, okanye izinga lokungaphumeleli liphantsi, ukubakho kokulawulwa kwenkqubo engaqhelekanga kukhulu;

② Ukuba ibhetshi yokuqala / iibhetshi ezininzi zineengxaki, okanye izinga lokungaphumeleli liphezulu, impembelelo yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nezinto zokuyila azikwazi ukukhutshwa;

⑵Unyango lwangaphambili lokusilela: Nokuba iPCB okanye iPCBA idlule kuthotho lweenkqubo zonyango lwangaphambili phambi kokuba ukusilela kwenzeke. Unyango lwangaphambili oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya ukubhaka kwangaphambili kwe-reflow, i-lead-free / lead-free reflow soldering, i-lead-free / lead-free wave soldering kunye ne-manual soldering, njl. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka ufunde ngakumbi malunga nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngaphambili -inkqubo yonyango (i-solder paste, i-mesh yensimbi, i-solder wire, njl.)), izixhobo (i-soldering iron power, njl.) kunye neeparameters (i-reflow curve, i-parameters soldering parameters, i-hand soldering temperature, njl.) ulwazi;

(3) Iimeko zokungaphumeleli: Ulwazi oluthile xa i-PCB okanye i-PCBA isilela, ezinye zikwinkqubo yangaphambili efana ne-soldering kunye nenkqubo yokuhlanganisa, efana ne-solderability embi, i-delamination, njl.; abanye ekulandeleni ukuguga, ukuvavanywa okanye nokuba Ukungaphumeleli ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, njenge-CAF, i-ECM, ukutshisa, njl.; idinga ukuqonda inkqubo yokusilela kunye neeparamitha ezinxulumeneyo ngokweenkcukacha;

Ukungaphumeleli kohlalutyo lwePCB/PCBA

Ngokubanzi, inani leemveliso ezingaphumelelanga lilinganiselwe, okanye enye kuphela. Ke ngoko, uhlalutyo lweemveliso ezisileleyo kufuneka lulandele umgaqo wocazululo lomaleko ukusuka ngaphandle ukuya ngaphakathi, ukusuka ekungonakalisini ukuya kukonakalisa, kwaye uphephe ukutshabalalisa kwangaphambi kwexesha indawo yokusilela:

(1) Ukuqwalaselwa kwembonakalo

Ukuqwalaselwa kwembonakalo yinyathelo lokuqala kuhlalutyo lweemveliso ezingaphumeleli. Ngokubonakala kwendawo yokusilela kwaye kudityaniswe nolwazi lwangasemva, iinjineli ezinamava zokuhlalutya ukusilela zinokumisela ngokusisiseko izizathu ezininzi zokusilela kwaye ziqhube uhlalutyo olujolise ekulandeleleni. Kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zininzi iindlela zokujonga inkangeleko, kubandakanya ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, iglasi yokukhulisa ngesandla, iglasi yokukhulisa idesktop, imicroscope yestereo kunye ne-metallurgical microscope. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomahluko kumthombo wokukhanya, umgaqo wokucinga, kunye nobunzulu bokuqwalasela, inkangeleko yezixhobo ezihambelanayo kufuneka zihlalutywe ngokubanzi kunye nezinto zezixhobo. Kuphephe ukwenza izigqibo ezingxamisekileyo ukuze wenze uqikelelo oluqikelelwayo, ukwenza uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lube kwicala elingalunganga kwaye ulahlekise iimveliso ezingasebenziyo kunye nohlalutyo. ixesha.

(2) Uhlalutyo olunzulu olungonakalisi

Kwezinye iintsilelo, kusetyenziswa ukubonwa okubonakalayo kuphela, kwaye ulwazi olwaneleyo lokungaphumeleli alukwazi ukuqokelelwa, okanye iindawo zokungaphumeleli azinakufunyanwa, ezifana ne-delamination, i-welding yobuxoki, kunye nokuvulwa kwangaphakathi. Ngeli xesha, ezinye iindlela zokuhlalutya ezingonakalisi zifunekayo ukuqokelela ulwazi oluthe kratya, kubandakanywa ukufunyanwa kwempazamo ye-Ultrasonic, i-3D X-RAY, i-infrared imaging thermal, i-short-circuit indawo yokukhangela, njl.

Kwinqanaba lokujonga imbonakalo kunye nokuhlalutya okungonakalisi, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo okanye ezichaseneyo phakathi kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezingaphumelelanga, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njengesalathiso kwizigwebo zokungaphumeleli ezilandelayo. Emva kokuqokelela ulwazi olwaneleyo kwinqanaba lokuhlalutya okungonakalisi, ungaqala uhlalutyo lokutshatyalaliswa okujoliswe kuyo.

(3) Uhlalutyo lomonakalo

Uhlalutyo lokutshatyalaliswa kweemveliso ezingaphumelelanga luyimfuneko kwaye inyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu, elihlala limisela impumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli kohlalutyo lokungaphumeleli. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhlalutya ukutshatyalaliswa, njengokuskena i-electron microscopy & uhlalutyo lwe-elemental, icandelo elithe tye / elithe nkqo, i-FTIR, njl., ezingachazwanga kweli candelo. Kweli nqanaba, indlela yokuhlalutya ukungaphumeleli ngokuqinisekileyo ibalulekile, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi kukuqonda kunye nesigwebo sengxaki yesiphene, kunye nokuqonda okuchanekileyo kunye nokucacileyo kwendlela yokungaphumeleli kunye neendlela zokungaphumeleli, ukuze kufumaneke isizathu sokusilela.

Uhlalutyo lwebhodi ye-PCB engenanto

Xa izinga lokungaphumeleli liphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya i-PCB yebhodi engenanto, enokusetyenziswa njengesongezelelo sokuhlalutya imbangela yokusilela. Xa isizathu sokungaphumeleli esifunyenwe kwinqanaba lokuhlalutya imveliso kukuba isiphene sebhodi engenanto PCB ibangela ukusilela ukuthembeka ngakumbi, ke ukuba ibhodi engenanto PCB inesiphene esifanayo, emva kwenkqubo efanayo yokucubungula njengemveliso engaphumelelanga, kufuneka ibonise efanayo Indlela yokusilela efanayo njengemveliso engaphumelelanga. Ukuba imo yokungaphumeleli efanayo ayiveliswanga kwakhona, inokuthetha kuphela ukuba uhlalutyo lwesizathu semveliso engaphumelelanga ayilunganga, okanye ubuncinane ayiphelelanga.

Uvavanyo lokuphinda

Xa izinga lokungaphumeleli liphantsi kakhulu kwaye akukho ncedo lunokufumaneka kuhlalutyo lwebhodi ye-PCB engenanto, kuyimfuneko ukuvelisa iziphene ze-PCB kunye nokuvelisa kwakhona imo yokungaphumeleli kwemveliso engaphumelelanga, ukuze uhlalutyo lokusilela lubumba i-loop evaliweyo.

Ukujongana nenani elikhulayo lokungaphumeleli kokuthembeka kwe-PCB namhlanje, uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli lubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lokuqala lokulungisa uyilo, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo, kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, kwaye yindawo yokuqala yokukhula kokuthembeka. Ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo, iXingsen Technology Central Laboratory izibophelele kuphando kwinkalo yohlalutyo lokungaphumeleli kokuthembeka. Ukuqala kolu shicilelo, siya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe sazise amava ethu kunye neemeko eziqhelekileyo kuhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli kokuthembeka.