Kusukela ku-1950s yokuqala, i ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe (PCB) ibilokhu iyimojula eyisisekelo yokupakishwa kwe-elekthronikhi. Njengesithwali sezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ezihlukahlukene kanye nehabhu yokudluliswa kwesignali yesifunda, ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwayo kunquma ikhwalithi yawo wonke amaphakheji e-elekthronikhi. Nokwethenjelwa. Nge-miniaturization, isisindo esilula kanye nezidingo zemisebenzi eminingi yemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi, kanye nokugqugquzelwa kwezinqubo ezingenawo umthofu ne-halogen, izidingo zokwethenjwa kwe-PCB zizokhuphuka ngokuya phezulu, ngakho-ke ungazithola kanjani ngokushesha izinkinga zokwethenjwa kwe-PCB nokwenza okuhambisanayo. Izinyathelo Ukuthuthukiswa kokwethembeka sekube ngenye yezindaba ezibalulekile ezinkampanini ze-PCB.

Izinkinga ezijwayelekile zokuthembeka kwe-PCB kanye nezinganekwane ezijwayelekile

I-solderability empofu

(Awumanzisi)

I-solderability ebuthakathaka (ukungamanzisi)

Welding

(Umphumela womcamelo)

Ukubambisana Okubi

Ibhodi Lokuqhuma Okunezingqimba

Vula isifunda (ngembobo)

isifunda esivulekile

(Laser blind hole)

Vula isifunda (umugqa)

Vula isekethe (ICD)

Isifunda esifushane (CAF)

Isifunda esifushane (ECM)

Ibhodi elishisiwe

Ekuhlaziyweni kokwehluleka kwangempela kwezinkinga zokuthembeka, indlela yokuhluleka yemodi yokwehluleka efanayo ingase ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ihluke. Ngakho-ke, njengokuphenya icala, kudinga ukucabanga kokuhlaziya okulungile, ukucabanga okunengqondo okuhluzekile nezindlela zokuhlaziya ezehlukene. Thola imbangela yangempela yokwehluleka. Kule nqubo, noma yikuphi ubudedengu kunoma yisiphi isixhumanisi kungase kubangele amacala “angalungile, amanga, futhi ahlulelwe ngokungalungile”.

Ukuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwezinkinga zokuthembeka ukuqoqwa kolwazi lwangemuva

Ulwazi olungemuva luyisisekelo sokuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kwezinkinga zokuthembeka, okuthinta ngokuqondile inkambiso yakho konke ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka okulandelayo, futhi okunomthelela omkhulu ekunqumeni kwendlela yokugcina. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlaziywa kokwehluleka, ulwazi ngemuva kokwehluleka kufanele luqoqwe ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje:

(1) Ububanzi bokwehluleka: ulwazi lweqoqo lokuhluleka kanye nezinga lokuhluleka elihambisanayo

① Uma kunenkinga eqoqweni elilodwa ekukhiqizweni okukhulu, noma izinga lokuhluleka liphansi, amathuba okulawula inqubo okungavamile makhulu;

②Uma iqoqo lokuqala/amaqoqo amaningi anezinkinga, noma izinga lokuhluleka liphezulu, umthelela wezinto zokwakha nezici zedizayini azikwazi ukukhishwa;

⑵Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kokwehluleka: Ukuthi i-PCB noma i-PCBA idlule ochungechungeni lwezinqubo zokwelashwa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke ukwehluleka. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okuvamile kuhlanganisa ukubhaka kwangaphambili kokugeleza kabusha, ukusoda okunganamthofu/okungadobi okunganamthofu, ukusoda okunganamthofu/okungathobeki komthofu kanye nokusoda okwenziwa ngesandla, njll. Uma kudingekile, udinga ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinto ezisetshenziswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngasinye. -inqubo yokwelapha (i-solder paste, i-steel mesh, i-solder wire, njll.)), okokusebenza (amandla e-soldering iron, njll.) kanye nemingcele (i-reflow curve, imingcele ye-wave soldering, izinga lokushisa le-soldering ngesandla, njll.) ulwazi;

(3) Izimo zokwehluleka: Ulwazi oluqondile lapho i-PCB noma i-PCBA yehluleka, ezinye zisekucutshungulweni kwangaphambili okufana nenqubo yokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa, njengokungaqini kahle kwe-solderability, i-delamination, njll.; ezinye zilandela ukuguga, ukuhlolwa noma ukwehluleka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, njenge-CAF, i-ECM, ukushiswa, njll.; isidingo sokuqonda inqubo yokwehluleka kanye nemingcele ehlobene ngokuningiliziwe;

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCB/PCBA kwehlulekile

Ngokuvamile, inani lemikhiqizo ehlulekile lilinganiselwe, noma elilodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlaziywa kwemikhiqizo ehlulekile kufanele kulandele isimiso sokuhlaziya isendlalelo nesendlalelo kusuka ngaphandle kuya ngaphakathi, kusuka kokungabhubhisi kuya kokulimazayo, futhi kugweme ukucekela phansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi isayithi lokuhluleka:

(1) Ukubuka ukubukeka

Ukubuka ukubukeka kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlaziywa kwemikhiqizo ehlulekile. Ngokubonakala kwesayithi lokuhluleka futhi kuhlanganiswe nolwazi lwangemuva, onjiniyela abanolwazi lokuhlaziya ukwehluleka bangakwazi ukunquma ngokuyisisekelo izimbangela ezimbalwa zokwehluleka futhi benze ukuhlaziya okuhlosiwe kokulandelela. Kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ziningi izindlela zokubheka ukubukeka, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola okubonakalayo, ingilazi yokukhulisa ephathwayo, ingilazi yokukhulisa ideskithophu, isibonakhulu se-stereo kanye nesibonakhulu se-metallurgical. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomehluko kumthombo wokukhanya, isimiso sesithombe, nokujula kokubuka, ukubukeka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihambisanayo kudinga ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela ngokuhambisana nezici zemishini. Gwema ukujaha ukwahlulela ukuze wenze ukuqagela okucatshangwayo okucatshangelwe ngaphambili, ukwenza ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka kubheke endaweni engafanele futhi kumoshe imikhiqizo engavumelekile nokuhlaziya. isikhathi.

(2) Ukuhlaziya okujulile okungabhubhisi

Kokunye ukwehluleka, kusetshenziswa ukubonwa okubukwayo kuphela, futhi ulwazi olwanele lokwehluleka alukwazi ukuqoqwa, noma amaphuzu okuhluleka awatholakali, njenge-delamination, i-welding yamanga, nokuvulwa kwangaphakathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ezinye izindlela zokuhlaziya ezingabhubhisi ziyadingeka ukuze kuqoqwe ulwazi olwengeziwe, okuhlanganisa ukutholwa kwamaphutha e-Ultrasonic, i-3D X-RAY, isithombe se-infrared thermal, ukutholwa kwendawo yesifunda esifushane, njll.

Esigabeni sokubhekwa kokubukeka nokuhlaziywa okungabhubhisi, kuyadingeka ukunaka izici ezivamile noma eziphambene phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehlukene ehlulekile, engasetshenziswa njengereferensi yezahlulelo zokuhluleka ezilandelayo. Ngemva kokuqoqa ulwazi olwanele esigabeni sokuhlaziya esingabhubhisi, ungaqala ukuhlaziywa kokubhujiswa okuhlosiwe.

(3) Ukuhlaziywa komonakalo

Ukuhlaziywa kokubhujiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlulekile kubalulekile futhi isinyathelo esibucayi kakhulu, esivame ukunquma impumelelo noma ukwehluleka kokuhlaziywa kokwehluleka. Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlaziya ukucekelwa phansi, njengokuskena i-electron microscopy nokuhlaziya okuyisisekelo, ukuhlukanisa okuvundlile/okuqondile, i-FTIR, njll., ezingachazwanga kulesi sigaba. Kulesi sigaba, indlela yokuhlaziya ukwehluleka ibaluleke kakhulu, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda nokwahlulela kwenkinga yesici, nokuqonda okulungile nokucacile kwemodi yokwehluleka kanye nendlela yokwehluleka, ukuze kutholwe imbangela yokwehluleka kwangempela.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCB yebhodi engenalutho

Lapho izinga lokwehluleka liphezulu, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ibhodi elingenalutho le-PCB, elingasetshenziswa njengesengezo ekuhlaziyweni kwesizathu sokwehluleka. Lapho isizathu sokwehluleka esitholwe esigabeni sokuhlaziya ukwehluleka komkhiqizo siwukuthi isici sebhodi elingenalutho le-PCB libangela ukwehluleka ukuthembeka okwengeziwe, khona-ke uma ibhodi elingenalutho i-PCB inesici esifanayo, ngemva kwenqubo efanayo yokucubungula njengomkhiqizo ohlulekile, kufanele ibonise okufanayo Imodi yokwehluleka efanayo njengomkhiqizo ohlulekile. Uma imodi yokwehluleka efanayo ingakhiqizwa kabusha, ingasho kuphela ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yomkhiqizo ohlulekile akulungile, noma okungenani akuphelele.

Ukuhlolwa kokuphinda

Lapho izinga lokwehluleka liphansi kakhulu futhi lungekho usizo olungatholwa ekuhlaziyweni okungenalutho kwe-PCB yebhodi, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza kabusha amaphutha e-PCB futhi kuqhutshekwe kukhiqize kabusha imodi yokwehluleka komkhiqizo ohlulekile, ukuze ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka kwakha iluphu evaliwe.

Njengoba sibhekene nenani elikhulayo lokuhluleka kokwethembeka kwe-PCB namuhla, ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lokuqala lokuqala lokuthuthukisa idizayini, ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, nokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo, futhi kuyisiqalo sokukhula kokwethembeka. Kusukela yasungulwa, i-Xingsen Technology Central Laboratory izibophezele ocwaningweni emkhakheni wokuhlaziya ukwehluleka kokwethembeka. Kusukela kulolu daba, kancane kancane sizokwethula ulwazi lwethu nezimo ezijwayelekile ekuhlaziyeni ukwehluleka ukwethembeka.