Ƙimar fitarwa ta duniya electroplating PCB masana’antu suna lissafin haɓaka cikin sauri a cikin adadin jimlar ƙimar fitarwa na masana’antar kayan aikin lantarki. Ita ce masana’antar da ke da mafi girman rabo a cikin masana’antar kayan lantarki kuma tana da matsayi na musamman. Darajar fitarwa na shekara-shekara na PCB mai lantarki shine dalar Amurka biliyan 60. Girman samfuran lantarki yana zama mai sauƙi, ƙarami, gajarta da ƙarami, kuma tari kai tsaye ta hanyar vias akan makafi hanya ce ta ƙira don samun haɗin kai mai girma. Don yin aiki mai kyau na tara ramuka, kasan ramin ya kamata ya zama lebur. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin shimfidar rami na al’ada, kuma tsarin cika rami na electroplating shine ɗayan wakilan. Bugu da ƙari, rage buƙatar ƙarin haɓakar haɓakawa, tsarin lantarki da kuma cikawa yana dacewa da kayan aiki na yau da kullum, wanda ya dace don samun ingantaccen aminci.

Cika rami na Electroplating yana da fa’idodi masu zuwa:

(1) Mai dacewa da ƙirar ramukan da aka tattara (Stacked) da ramukan diski (Via.on.Pad);

(2) Inganta aikin lantarki da taimakawa ƙira mai girma;

(3) Ba da gudummawa ga zubar da zafi;

(4) Ramin filogi da haɗin wutar lantarki an kammala su a mataki ɗaya;

(5) Ramukan makafi suna cike da jan ƙarfe na lantarki, wanda ke da inganci mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun aiki fiye da manne mai ɗaukuwa.

Siffofin tasiri na jiki

Siffofin jiki waɗanda ke buƙatar yin nazari su ne: nau’in anode, tazara na anode-cathode, yawa na yanzu, tashin hankali, zafin jiki, mai gyarawa da yanayin motsi, da sauransu.

(1) Nau’in Anode. Idan ya zo ga nau’ikan anode, babu wani abu da ya wuce anodes masu narkewa da anodes masu narkewa. Anode mai narkewa yawanci ball na jan karfe ne na phosphorous, wanda ke da sauƙin samar da laka na anode, yana gurɓata maganin plating, kuma yana shafar aikin aikin plating. Insoluble anodes, wanda kuma aka sani da inert anodes, gabaɗaya sun ƙunshi ragar titanium mai rufi da gauraye oxides na tantalum da zirconium. Insoluble anode, mai kyau kwanciyar hankali, babu anode goyon baya, babu anode laka tsara, bugun jini ko DC electroplating ne zartar; duk da haka, amfani da additives yana da girman gaske.

(2) Nisa tsakanin cathode da anode. Tsarin tazara tsakanin cathode da anode a cikin tsarin cika rami na electroplating yana da matukar mahimmanci, kuma ƙirar kayan aiki daban-daban ba iri ɗaya bane. Duk da haka, yana buƙatar a nuna cewa komai yadda aka tsara, bai kamata ya keta dokar farko ta Fara ba.

3) Tada hankali. Akwai nau’ikan motsawa da yawa, gami da girgiza injina, girgiza wutar lantarki, girgiza iska, motsawar iska, da jet (Eductor).

Don yin lantarki da kuma cike ramuka, gabaɗaya ana son ƙara ƙirar jet bisa tsarin silinda na jan ƙarfe na gargajiya. Duk da haka, ko dai jet na kasa ko jet na gefe, yadda za a shirya bututun jet da bututun motsa iska a cikin Silinda; menene jigilar jet a kowace awa; menene nisa tsakanin bututun jet da cathode; idan an yi amfani da jet na gefe, jet yana a gaban anode ko baya; idan an yi amfani da jet na ƙasa, zai haifar da haɗuwa mara kyau, kuma za a motsa maganin plating a rauni da karfi; lambar, tazara, da kusurwar jets a kan bututun jet duk abubuwan da dole ne a yi la’akari da su yayin zayyana silinda na jan karfe. Ana buƙatar gwaji mai yawa.

Bugu da ƙari, hanya mafi dacewa ita ce haɗa kowane bututun jet zuwa mita mai gudana, don cimma manufar sa ido kan yawan kwararar ruwa. Saboda jigilar jet yana da girma, maganin yana da sauƙi don samar da zafi, don haka kula da zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci.

(4) Yawan yawa da zafin jiki na yanzu. Ƙananan yawa na halin yanzu da ƙananan zafin jiki na iya rage girman jigon jan ƙarfe, yayin da samar da isasshen Cu2 da haske a cikin rami. A karkashin wannan yanayin, ana haɓaka ikon cika rami, amma a lokaci guda ana rage tasirin plating.

(5) Mai gyarawa. Mai gyarawa shine muhimmiyar hanyar haɗi a cikin tsarin lantarki. A halin yanzu, bincike game da cika rami na lantarki ya fi iyakance ga cikakken farantin lantarki. Idan samfurin electroplating rami cika da aka yi la’akari, da yankin na cathode zai zama kadan. A wannan lokacin, ana gabatar da buƙatu masu girma sosai don daidaiton fitarwa na mai gyara.

Ya kamata a zaɓi daidaiton fitarwa na mai gyara bisa ga layin samfur da girman ta hanyar. Ƙananan layi da ƙananan ramukan, mafi girman daidaitattun buƙatun mai gyara. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a zaɓi mai gyara tare da daidaiton fitarwa da bai wuce 5% ba. Babban madaidaicin mai gyara da aka zaɓa zai ƙara zuba jari na kayan aiki. Don firikwensin kebul na mai daidaitawa, da farko sanya mai gyara a gefen tankin plating gwargwadon yuwuwar, ta yadda za a iya rage tsawon kebul ɗin fitarwa kuma ana iya rage lokacin hawan bugun bugun jini. Zaɓin ƙayyadaddun kebul na fitarwa na mai gyara ya kamata ya gamsar da cewa digon wutar lantarki na layin fitarwa yana cikin 0.6V lokacin da matsakaicin fitarwa na yanzu shine 80%. Ana ƙididdige yankin yanki na kebul da ake buƙata bisa ga ƙarfin ɗauka na yanzu na 2.5A/mm:. Idan yankin giciye na kebul ɗin ya yi ƙanƙanta ko tsayin kebul ɗin ya yi tsayi da yawa, kuma raguwar ƙarfin lantarkin layin ya yi girma sosai, halin yanzu watsawa ba zai kai darajar yanzu da ake buƙata don samarwa ba.

Don plating tankuna tare da nisa mafi girma fiye da 1.6m, ya kamata a yi la’akari da hanyar samar da wutar lantarki mai gefe biyu, kuma tsawon igiyoyi masu gefe biyu ya zama daidai. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya tabbatar da cewa ana sarrafa kuskuren halin yanzu a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon. Ya kamata a haɗa mai gyara zuwa kowane gefe na kowane gardama na tankin plating, ta yadda za a iya daidaita halin yanzu a bangarorin biyu na yanki daban.

(6) Waveform. A halin yanzu, daga mahangar waveforms, akwai nau’ikan cika rami na electroplating iri biyu: pulse electroplating da DC electroplating. An yi nazarin hanyoyin yin amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma cika hanyoyin. Cika ramin wutar lantarki kai tsaye yana ɗaukar mai gyara na gargajiya, wanda ke da sauƙin aiki, amma idan farantin ya yi kauri, babu wani abu da za a iya yi. Cikowar rami na bugun bugun jini yana amfani da mai gyara PPR, wanda ke da matakan aiki da yawa, amma yana da ƙarfin sarrafawa don mafi girman allo a cikin tsari.

Tasirin substrate

Har ila yau, ba za a yi watsi da tasirin abin da ke cikin ramin lantarki ba. Gabaɗaya, akwai abubuwa kamar kayan Layer dielectric, siffar rami, rabon kauri-zuwa diamita, da platin ƙarfe na sinadarai.

(1) Material na dielectric Layer. Kayan abu na dielectric Layer yana da tasiri akan cika rami. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan da aka ƙarfafa gilashin gilashi, kayan da ba na gilashi ba sun fi sauƙi don cika ramuka. Ya kamata a lura da cewa gilashin gilashin fiber protrusions a cikin rami yana da mummunar tasiri akan jan karfe na sinadarai. A wannan yanayin, wahalar electroplating ramin cika shi ne don inganta mannewa na iri Layer na electroless plating Layer, maimakon ramin cika tsari da kanta.

A gaskiya ma, an yi amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma cika ramuka a kan filaye masu ƙarfafa fiber gilashi a cikin ainihin samarwa.

(2) Kauri zuwa diamita rabo. A halin yanzu, duka masana’antun da masu haɓakawa suna ba da muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga fasahar cikawa don ramuka na siffofi da girma dabam. Ƙarfin cika ramin yana tasiri sosai ta hanyar kauri zuwa diamita. Dangantaka, ana amfani da tsarin DC na kasuwanci. A cikin samarwa, girman kewayon rami zai zama kunkuntar, gabaɗaya 80pm ~ 120Bm a diamita, 40Bm～8OBm cikin zurfin, kuma rabon kauri zuwa diamita kada ya wuce 1:1.

(3) Lantarki na jan ƙarfe plating Layer. Kauri da daidaito na Layer plating na jan ƙarfe mara amfani da wutar lantarki da lokacin sanyawa bayan sanyawa tagulla mara amfani duk suna shafar aikin cika rami. Tagulla maras amfani da wutar lantarki yana da sirara sosai ko kaurinsa bai yi daidai ba, kuma tasirinsa na cika ramin ba shi da kyau. Gabaɗaya, ana ba da shawarar cika ramin lokacin da kaurin jan ƙarfen sinadari ya kai> 0.3pm. Bugu da ƙari, oxidation na jan karfe na sinadarai kuma yana da mummunar tasiri akan tasirin cika rami.