Mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa electroplating wapadziko lonse lapansi PCB makampani amachititsa chiwonjezeko chachangu mu gawo la chiwopsezo chonse chotulutsa chamakampani amagetsi. Ndiwo makampani omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri pamakampani opanga zinthu zamagetsi ndipo ali ndi udindo wapadera. Mtengo wapachaka wa electroplated PCB ndi 60 biliyoni US dollars. The buku la mankhwala pakompyuta akukhala opepuka, woonda, wamfupi ndi ang’onoang’ono, ndi stacking mwachindunji vias pa vias akhungu ndi kamangidwe njira kupeza mkulu-osalimba interconnection. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito yomanga mabowo, pansi pa dzenje payenera kukhala lathyathyathya. Pali njira zingapo zopangira dzenje lathyathyathya pamwamba, ndipo njira yodzaza dzenje la electroplating ndi imodzi mwazoyimira. Kuphatikiza pa kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa chitukuko chowonjezera, njira yopangira electroplating ndi kudzaza imagwirizananso ndi zipangizo zamakono zamakono, zomwe zimathandiza kupeza kudalirika kwabwino.

Kudzaza dzenje la Electroplating kuli ndi zabwino izi:

(1) Zothandizira kupanga mabowo otsekeredwa (Otsekeredwa) ndi mabowo pa-disk (Via.on.Pad);

(2) Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamagetsi ndikuthandizira mapangidwe apamwamba;

(3) Kuthandizira kutentha kwa kutentha;

(4) Bowo la pulagi ndi kulumikiza magetsi kumatsirizidwa mu sitepe imodzi;

(5) Mabowo akhungu amadzazidwa ndi electroplated mkuwa, amene ali apamwamba kudalirika ndi madutsidwe bwino kuposa guluu conductive.

Zokhudza thupi

Zomwe zimafunikira kuphunziridwa ndi: mtundu wa anode, kusiyana kwa anode-cathode, kachulukidwe kakali pano, kugwedezeka, kutentha, kukonzanso ndi mawonekedwe a waveform, etc.

(1) Mtundu wa anode. Zikafika pamitundu ya anode, palibe china koma ma anode osungunuka ndi anode osasungunuka. Anode yosungunuka nthawi zambiri imakhala mpira wamkuwa wa phosphorous, womwe ndi wosavuta kutulutsa matope a anode, kuyipitsa njira yopangira, komanso kukhudza magwiridwe antchito a plating. Insoluble anodes, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti inert anode, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi titaniyamu mesh yokutidwa ndi ma oxide osakanikirana a tantalum ndi zirconium. Anode osasungunuka, kukhazikika bwino, kusakonza kwa anode, kusapanga matope a anode, pulse kapena DC electroplating ikugwiritsidwa ntchito; komabe, kumwa kwa zowonjezera kumakhala kwakukulu.

(2) Mtunda pakati pa cathode ndi anode. Mapangidwe a malo pakati pa cathode ndi anode mu njira yodzaza dzenje la electroplating ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo mapangidwe a zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana sizomwezo. Komabe, ziyenera kuwonetsedwa kuti ziribe kanthu momwe mapangidwe ake alili, sayenera kuphwanya lamulo loyamba la Fara.

3) Kulimbikitsa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kugwedeza, kuphatikizapo kugwedeza kwa mawotchi, kugwedeza kwamagetsi, kugwedezeka kwa mpweya, kugwedeza mpweya, ndi ndege (Eductor).

Kwa ma electroplating ndi kudzaza mabowo, nthawi zambiri amakonda kukulitsa kapangidwe ka jet kutengera kasinthidwe ka silinda yachikhalidwe yamkuwa. Komabe, kaya ndi ndege yapansi kapena ndege yam’mbali, momwe mungakonzekere chubu cha jet ndi chubu choyambitsa mpweya mu silinda; ndi kayendedwe ka jet pa ola; ndi mtunda wotani pakati pa chubu cha jet ndi cathode; ngati ndege yam’mbali ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndegeyo ili pa anode Front kapena kumbuyo; ngati ndege yapansi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, idzayambitsa kusakaniza kosagwirizana, ndipo yankho la plating lidzagwedezeka mofooka ndi mphamvu pansi; chiwerengero, malo, ndi ngodya ya jets pa chubu cha jet ndi zinthu zonse zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga silinda yamkuwa. Kuyesera kochuluka kumafunika.

Kuonjezera apo, njira yabwino kwambiri ndikugwirizanitsa chubu lililonse la jet ku mita yothamanga, kuti mukwaniritse cholinga choyang’anira kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa jeti yothamanga ndi yayikulu, yankho lake ndi losavuta kupanga kutentha, kotero kuwongolera kutentha kulinso kofunika kwambiri.

(4) Kachulukidwe ndi kutentha kwapano. Kachulukidwe kakang’ono kapano komanso kutentha pang’ono kumatha kuchepetsa kutsika kwa mkuwa, kwinaku akupereka Cu2 yokwanira ndi chowunikira mu dzenje. Pansi pazimenezi, mphamvu yodzaza dzenje imakulitsidwa, koma nthawi yomweyo plating imachepetsa.

(5) Wokonzanso. The rectifier ndi ulalo wofunika mu njira electroplating. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wokhudza kudzaza dzenje la electroplating nthawi zambiri amangokhala ndi ma electroplating athunthu. Ngati kudzazidwa kwa dzenje la electroplating kumaganiziridwa, dera la cathode lidzakhala laling’ono kwambiri. Panthawiyi, zofunikira kwambiri zimayikidwa patsogolo kuti zikhale zolondola za wokonzanso.

The linanena bungwe kulondola kwa rectifier ayenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mankhwala mzere ndi kukula kwa via. Mizere yopyapyala ndi yaing’ono mabowo, m’pamenenso amakweza zofunikira zolondola za wokonzanso. Nthawi zambiri, wokonzanso wokhala ndi zotuluka zolondola zosakwana 5% ayenera kusankhidwa. Kulondola kwakukulu kwa chowongolera chosankhidwa kumawonjezera ndalama za zida. Kwa waya wotulutsa chingwe cha chowongolera, choyamba ikani chowongolera pambali pa thanki yoyikira momwe mungathere, kuti kutalika kwa chingwe chotulutsa kuchepe komanso kutsika kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Kusankhidwa kwa mafotokozedwe a chingwe chowongolera kuyenera kukhutiritsa kuti kutsika kwa voteji pa chingwe chotulutsa kumakhala mkati mwa 0.6V pomwe kutulutsa kwakukulu komweku ndi 80%. Chingwe chofunika chodutsa gawoli nthawi zambiri chimawerengedwa molingana ndi mphamvu yonyamulira ya 2.5A/mm:. Ngati gawo lagawo la chingwecho ndi laling’ono kwambiri kapena kutalika kwa chingwe kuli kotalika kwambiri, ndipo kutsika kwa voteji kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, kutumizira sikungafike pamtengo womwe ukufunika kuti upangidwe.

Kwa akasinja omata okhala ndi m’lifupi mwake kuposa 1.6m, njira yoperekera mphamvu ya mbali ziwiri iyenera kuganiziridwa, ndipo kutalika kwa zingwe zambali ziwiri ziyenera kukhala zofanana. Mwanjira imeneyi, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti cholakwika chapadziko lonse lapansi chikuwongoleredwa mkati mwamitundu ina. Chowongolera chiyenera kulumikizidwa mbali iliyonse ya flybar iliyonse ya thanki yopukutira, kotero kuti zomwe zili mbali ziwiri za chidutswa zitha kusinthidwa padera.

(6) Waveform. Pakadali pano, malinga ndi ma waveforms, pali mitundu iwiri yodzaza dzenje la electroplating: pulse electroplating ndi DC electroplating. Njira zonse za electroplating ndi kudzaza zaphunziridwa. Kudzaza kwa dzenje lamakono la electroplating kumatenga chowongolera chachikhalidwe, chomwe ndi chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma ngati mbaleyo ndi yokhuthala, palibe chomwe chingachitike. Kudzaza kwa dzenje lamagetsi kumagwiritsa ntchito PPR rectifier, yomwe ili ndi masitepe ambiri, koma ili ndi kuthekera kolimba kwa ma board ochulukirapo.

Mphamvu ya gawo lapansi

Mphamvu ya gawo lapansi pakudzaza dzenje la electroplated siyeneranso kunyalanyazidwa. Nthawi zambiri, pali zinthu monga dielectric wosanjikiza zakuthupi, mawonekedwe a dzenje, chiŵerengero cha makulidwe ndi m’mimba mwake, ndi plating yamkuwa yamankhwala.

(1) Zida za dielectric wosanjikiza. Zinthu za dielectric wosanjikiza zimakhudza kudzaza dzenje. Poyerekeza ndi zida zolimbitsidwa ndi magalasi, zida zopanda magalasi ndizosavuta kudzaza mabowo. Dziwani kuti magalasi CHIKWANGWANI protrusions mu dzenje ndi zotsatira pa mankhwala mkuwa. Pachifukwa ichi, vuto la electroplating kudzaza dzenje ndikuwongolera kumamatira kwa mbeu yosanjikiza ya electroless plating wosanjikiza, m’malo modzaza dzenje lokha.

M’malo mwake, ma electroplating ndi kudzaza mabowo pamagalasi olimbitsa magalasi akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kwenikweni.

(2) Chiyerekezo cha makulidwe ndi m’mimba mwake. Pakalipano, onse opanga ndi opanga amaika kufunika kwakukulu kwa teknoloji yodzaza mabowo amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe. Kutha kudzaza dzenje kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiŵerengero cha dzenje-to-diameter. Kunena zoona, machitidwe a DC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazamalonda. Popanga, kukula kwa dzenje kudzakhala kocheperako, nthawi zambiri 80pm ~ 120Bm m’mimba mwake, 40Bm ~ 8OBm kuya, ndipo chiŵerengero cha makulidwe mpaka awiri sayenera kupitirira 1: 1.

(3) Wosanjikiza wa mkuwa wopanda magetsi. Kukula ndi kufananiza kwa wosanjikiza wopanda electro-copper plating ndi nthawi yoyika pambuyo pakupanga mkuwa wopanda ma electroless zonse zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a dzenje. Mkuwa wopanda ma elekitirodi ndi woonda kwambiri kapena wosafanana mu makulidwe, ndipo kudzaza dzenje kwake kumakhala koyipa. Nthawi zambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kudzaza dzenjelo pamene makulidwe a mkuwa wamankhwala ndi> 0.3pm. Komanso, makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mankhwala mkuwa amakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoipa pa dzenje kudzaza kwenikweni.