Kwarewar ƙirar da’irar PCB tsarin zane

Gabaɗaya tsarin ƙirar PCB kamar haka: shiri na farko ->; PCB structure design -& GT; Tsarin PCB – & gt; Wayoyi – & gt; Inganta hanya da bugun allo -> Binciken cibiyar sadarwa da DRC da binciken tsarin -> Plate making.

First: preparation. This includes preparing component libraries and schematics. “To do good work, must first sharpen its device”, to make a good board, in addition to the principle of good design, but also draw well. Kafin ƙirar PCB, yakamata a shirya ɗakin ɗakin karatu na SCH mai ƙira da ɗakin ɗakin karatu na PCB da farko. Ana iya amfani da ɗakunan karatu na Peotel, amma gaba ɗaya yana da wahala a sami ɗakin karatu mai dacewa, yana da kyau a yi ɗakin karatun ku gwargwadon daidaitaccen bayanin girman na’urar da aka zaɓa. In principle, make PCB component library first, and then SCH component library. Bukatun ɗakin karatu na ɓangaren PCB suna da girma, kai tsaye yana shafar shigowar jirgin; Bukatun ɗakin ɗakin karatu na SCH ba su da ƙima, muddin ana ba da hankali ga ma’anar sifofin fil da alaƙar da ta dace da abubuwan PCB. PS: Lura da ɓoye ɓoye a cikin daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu. Sannan ƙirar ƙira ce, a shirye take don yin ƙirar PCB.

Na biyu: Tsarin tsarin PCB. A cikin wannan matakin, gwargwadon girman allon kewaye da sakawa na inji, ana zana saman allon PCB a cikin yanayin ƙirar PCB, kuma ana haɗa masu haɗa maɓallai/maɓallai, ramukan dunƙule, ramukan taro da sauransu gwargwadon buƙatun matsayi. And fully consider and determine the wiring area and non-wiring area (such as how much of the screw hole around the non-wiring area).

Na uku: PCB layout. Layout is basically putting devices on a board. A wannan gaba, idan duk aikin shirye-shiryen da aka ambata a sama an yi shi, ana iya samar da teburin cibiyar sadarwa akan ƙirar ƙirar (Design->; CreateNetlist), sannan shigo da teburin cibiyar sadarwa akan zanen PCB (design-gt; LoadNets). Dubi hubbub na na’urar gaba ɗaya, tsakanin fil da haɗin haɗin kai tsaye. Sannan zaku iya shimfida na’urar. Ana aiwatar da shimfidawa gaba ɗaya bisa ga ƙa’idodi masu zuwa:

(1). According to the electrical performance reasonable partition, generally divided into: digital circuit area (that is, afraid of interference, and interference), analog circuit area

(fear of interference), power drive area (interference source);

(2). Complete the same function of the circuit, should be placed as close as possible, and adjust the components to ensure the most simple connection; A lokaci guda, daidaita matsayin dangi tsakanin tubalan aiki don sanya haɗin tsakanin tubalan aikin ya zama mafi daidaituwa;

(3). Installation position and installation intensity should be considered for components with large mass; Ya kamata a raba kashi na dumama daga mahimmin yanayin zafin jiki, kuma idan ya cancanta, yakamata a yi la’akari da matakan ɗaukar zafi;

(4). I/O drive device as close as possible to the edge of the printing plate, close to the outlet connector;

(5). Mai samar da agogo (kamar: oscillator crystal ko oscillator na agogo) yakamata ya kasance kusa da na’urar ta amfani da agogo;

6. In each integrated circuit between the power input pin and the ground, need to add a decoupling capacitor (generally using high frequency good monolithic capacitor); Hakanan ana iya sanya ƙarfin tantalum a kusa da da’irori masu haɗe -haɗe da yawa lokacin da sararin hukumar ke matsewa.

Duk masu mallakar ƙasa. Relay coil don ƙara diode fitarwa (1N4148 na iya zama);

Yau. Bukatun shimfidawa yakamata su kasance masu daidaituwa, mai yawa da tsari, ba babba ko nauyi ba

— Special attention should be paid to the actual size (area and height) of the components and the relative position of the components when placing the components to ensure the electrical performance of the circuit board and the feasibility and convenience of production and installation. At the same time, the above principles should be reflected

A ƙarƙashin jigo, gyara wurin sanya na’urori yadda yakamata don yin su da kyau da kyau. Misali, yakamata a sanya na’urori iri ɗaya daidai kuma a cikin alkibla ɗaya, maimakon a “zubar da su ba zato”. This step concerns the difficulty of board integral figure and next wiring degree, want to spend big effort to consider so. Lokacin shimfidawa, zai iya yin wayoyi na farko zuwa wurin da bai dace ba, isasshen la’akari.

Na hudu: wayoyi. Wiring shine mafi mahimmancin tsari a ƙirar PCB. Wannan zai shafi aikin hukumar PCB kai tsaye. In the process of PCB design, wiring generally has such three levels of division: the first is the distribution, which is the most basic requirement of PCB design. If the line is not cloth, get everywhere is flying line, it will be a unqualified board, can say that there is no entry. The second is the satisfaction of electrical performance. Wannan shine ma’aunin don auna ko allon da aka buga ya cancanta. This is after the distribution, carefully adjust the wiring, so that it can achieve the best electrical performance. Sa’an nan kuma akwai kayan ado. Idan an haɗa rigar wayoyin ku, kuma ba ku da wurin da abin da ke shafar aikin na’urar lantarki, amma duba baya da wahala, ƙara launi, mai launi, wanda ke ƙididdige yadda aikin na’urar ku yake da kyau, har yanzu ya zama datti a cikin wasu ido. Wannan yana kawo babban damuwa ga gwaji da kulawa. Wayoyi yakamata su kasance masu daidaituwa da daidaituwa, ba tsintsiya ba tare da dokoki ba. Duk waɗannan yakamata a cimma su a cikin yanayin tabbatar da aikin lantarki da kuma biyan wasu buƙatun mutum, in ba haka ba shine a bar ainihin. Wajibi ne a aiwatar da waɗannan ƙa’idodi masu zuwa:

(1). Gabaɗaya, yakamata a fara kebul na wutar lantarki da kebul na ƙasa don tabbatar da aikin lantarki na hukumar kewaye. A cikin iyakokin da yanayin ke ba da damar, faɗaɗa faɗin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, waya ƙasa gwargwadon iko, yana da kyau cewa waya ƙasa ta fi layin wuta girma, alakar su ita ce: waya ta ƙasa> layin wutar> layin sigina, yawanci layin siginar : 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, mafi girman faɗin zai iya kaiwa 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, layin wutar shine 1.2 ~ 2.5mm gabaɗaya. Ana iya amfani da PCB na da’irar dijital a cikin da’irar tare da masu gudanar da ƙasa mai faɗi, wato cibiyar sadarwa ta ƙasa. (Ba za a iya amfani da filin analog ta wannan hanyar ba.)

(2). A gaba, tsauraran buƙatun waya (kamar layin madaidaiciya) don wayoyi, shigarwa da layin fitarwa yakamata su guji layi ɗaya, don kada a haifar da tsangwama na tunani. When necessary, ground wire should be added to isolate, and the wiring of two adjacent layers should be perpendicular to each other, which is easy to produce parasitic coupling in parallel.

(3). Gidajen oscillator yakamata a kafa su, kuma layin agogo yakamata ya zama gajarta, kuma kada ya bazu ko’ina. A ƙarƙashin da’irar oscillation agogo, madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar hanya yakamata ta haɓaka yankin ƙasa, kuma kada ta je zuwa wasu lamuran sigina, don filin wutar lantarki da ke kewaye ya karkata zuwa sifili;

(4). Domin rage siginar siginar siginar mitar, yakamata a yi amfani da layin da ya karye 45O gwargwadon iko, maimakon layin da ya karye na 90O. (Babban buƙatun layin kuma suna amfani da baka biyu)

(5). Duk wani layin siginar bai kamata ya samar da madauki ba, idan ba za a iya gujewa ba, madauki ya zama ƙarami kamar yadda zai yiwu; Layin sigina ta cikin rami yakamata ya zama kaɗan;

6. Layin maɓalli yakamata ya zama gajere da kauri, tare da kariya a ɓangarorin biyu.

Duk masu mallakar ƙasa. Lokacin da ake watsa sigina mai mahimmanci da siginar filin amo ta kebul na lebur, ana amfani da hanyar “ƙasa – siginar – waya ta ƙasa”.

Yau. Dole ne a tanadi wuraren gwaji don sigina masu mahimmanci don sauƙaƙe samarwa da gwajin tabbatarwa

Rub-suna ruby. Bayan an kammala aikin haɗin ginshiƙi, ya kamata a inganta wayoyi; A lokaci guda, bayan rajistar cibiyar sadarwa ta farko da dubawar DRC daidai ne, an cika waya ta ƙasa a cikin yankin ba tare da wayoyi ba, kuma ana amfani da babban yanki na jan ƙarfe azaman waya ta ƙasa, kuma wuraren da ba a amfani da su suna da alaƙa da ƙasa kamar waya ta ƙasa akan allon da aka buga. Ko sanya shi jirgi mai yalwa da yawa, samar da wutar lantarki, layin ƙasa kowanne ya mamaye wani yanki.

– Bukatun aiwatar da wayoyin PCB

(1). line

Gabaɗaya, faɗin layin siginar shine 0.3mm (12mil), kuma faɗin layin wutar shine 0.77mm (30mil) ko 1.27mm (50mil). Layi da

Nisa tsakanin layuka da tsakanin layuka da gammaye ya fi girma ko daidai da 0.33mm (13mil). A aikace mai amfani, yakamata a yi la’akari da ƙara tazara lokacin da yanayi ya ba da izini; Lokacin da girman kebul ya yi yawa, yana da kyau (amma ba a ba da shawarar ba) don amfani da igiyoyi biyu tsakanin fil IC. Faɗin kebul ɗin shine 0.254mm (10mil), kuma tazara tsakanin kebul ɗin bai wuce 0.254mm (10mil) ba.

A karkashin yanayi na musamman, lokacin da fil na na’urar ya yi yawa kuma faɗin ya yi kunci, za a iya rage girman layin da tazarar layin da ya dace.

(2). PAD (PAD)

Abubuwan da ake buƙata na PAD da ramin canji (VIA) sune: diamita na PAD ya fi 0.6mm fiye da diamita na rami; Misali, masu adawa da nau’in fil na duniya, masu haɓakawa da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya, ta amfani da girman faifai/rami 1.6mm/0.8mm (63mil/32mil), soket, pin da diode 1N4007, ta amfani da 1.8mm/1.0mm (71mil/39mil). A aikace mai amfani, yakamata a ƙaddara gwargwadon girman ainihin abubuwan. Idan akwai yanayi, ana iya ƙara girman kushin daidai. Budewar shigarwa na abubuwan da aka tsara akan allon PCB yakamata ya zama kusan 0.2 ~ 0.4mm ya fi girman girman fil.

(3). Ta hanyar rami (VIA)

Gabaɗaya 1.27mm/0.7mm (50mil/28mil);

Lokacin da girman wayoyi ya yi yawa, ana iya rage girman ramin da ya dace, amma ba ƙarami ba, yana iya la’akari da 1.0mm/0.6mm (40mil/24mil).

(4). Bukatun sararin samaniya don gammaye, wayoyi da ramuka

PADandVIA: ≥0.3mm (mil 12)

PADandPAD: ≥0.3mm (mil 12)

PADandTRACK: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

HANKALIN SAURARA: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

Lokacin da yawa ya yi yawa:

PADandVIA: ≥0.254mm (mil 10)

PADandPAD: ≥0.254mm (mil 10)

PADandTRACK: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

HANKALIN SAURARA: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

Na biyar: inganta wayoyi da bugun allo. “Babu mafi kyau, kawai mafi kyau”! Duk irin ƙoƙarin da kuka yi cikin ƙira, idan kun gama, sake duba shi, kuma har yanzu kuna jin za ku iya canzawa da yawa. Dokar babban yatsa na babban yatsa shine cewa mafi kyawun wayoyi yana ɗaukar ninki biyu na tsawon wayoyin farko. Da zarar kun ji cewa babu abin da ke buƙatar gyara, zaku iya sanya jan ƙarfe. PolygonPlane). Sanya jan ƙarfe gabaɗaya yana sanya waya ta ƙasa (kula da rarrabuwa na analog da ƙasa na dijital), allon multilayer na iya buƙatar sanya wuta. Don bugun allo, ya kamata mu kula da kada na’urar ta toshe ta ko cire ta rami da kushin. A lokaci guda, ƙira don fuskantar farfajiyar ɓangaren, kasan kalmar yakamata ya zama aikin madubi, don kada a rikita matakin.

Na shida: cibiyar sadarwa da DRC duba da tsarin dubawa. Da farko, a kan cewa ƙirar ƙirar daidai ce, fayilolin cibiyar sadarwar PCB da aka ƙirƙira da fayilolin cibiyar sadarwa sune NETCHECK don alaƙar haɗin jiki, kuma an gyara ƙirar akan lokaci bisa ga sakamakon fayil ɗin fitarwa don tabbatar da daidaiton alaƙar haɗin haɗi; Bayan an wuce rajistan cibiyar sadarwa daidai, za a gudanar da rajistar DRC akan ƙirar PCB, kuma za a gyara ƙirar gwargwadon sakamakon fayil ɗin fitarwa cikin lokaci don tabbatar da aikin lantarki na wayoyin PCB. A ƙarshe, tsarin shigarwa na inji na PCB ya kamata a ƙara bincika da tabbatarwa.

Na bakwai: yin faranti. It is best to have a review process before doing so.

Zane na PCB gwaji ne na tunanin aikin, wanda ke kusa da hankali, babban gogewa, ƙirar hukumar tana da kyau. Don haka ƙirar yakamata ta kasance mai taka tsantsan, yi cikakken la’akari da abubuwan kowane fannoni (kamar sauƙaƙe kiyayewa da duba wannan mutane da yawa ba sa la’akari da su), ƙima, za su iya tsara ƙira mai kyau.