He pukenga hoahoa hautanga PCB design process

General PCB basic design process is as follows: preliminary preparation – >; PCB structure design -& GT; Tahora PCB – & gt; Waea waea – & gt; Arotautanga aronga me te mata taarua -> Tirohanga Whatunga me te DRC me nga tirotiro hanganga -> Plate making.

First: preparation. This includes preparing component libraries and schematics. “To do good work, must first sharpen its device”, to make a good board, in addition to the principle of good design, but also draw well. I mua i te hoahoa PCB, me whakarite te wharepukapuka waahanga o te SK kaupapa me te wharepukapuka o PCB i te tuatahi. Peotel libraries can be used, but in general it is difficult to find a suitable library, it is best to make your own library according to the standard size information of the selected device. Hei tikanga, me hanga tuatahi te whare pukapuka o te PCB, ka mutu ko te waahanga o te waahanga. He nui nga whakaritenga whare pukapuka a te PCB, he pa tika ki te whakauru poari; He waatea noa nga whakaritenga o te whare pukapuka o te kura, mena ka aro atu ki te whakamarama o nga huanga titi me te hononga honohono me nga waahanga PCB. PS: Tuhia nga tohu huna i te wharepukapuka paerewa. Ana ko te hoahoa taatai, kua rite ki te mahi hoahoa PCB.

Tuarua: Hoahoa hanganga PCB. I tenei taahiraa, kia rite ki te rahi o te poari taiawhio me te whakaturanga miihini, kei te tohaina te papa poari PCB ki te taiao hoahoa PCB, me nga honohono, paatene / whakakā, rua poka, kohao o te whakaminenga, me era atu mea ka whakanohoia kia rite ki nga whakaritenga whakanoho. And fully consider and determine the wiring area and non-wiring area (such as how much of the screw hole around the non-wiring area).

Tuatoru: whakatakotoranga PCB. Layout is basically putting devices on a board. At this point, if all the preparatory work mentioned above is done, the network table can be generated on the schematic diagram (Design- >; HangaNetlist), ka kawemai i te teepu whatunga ki te hoahoa PCB (hoahoa-gt; UtaAta). Tirohia te hubbub taputapu o te puranga katoa o runga, i waenga i nga titi me te raina rere hononga tere. Ka taea e koe te whakatakoto i te taputapu. Ko te whakatakotoranga whanui e mahia ana i runga i nga tikanga e whai ake nei:

(1). According to the electrical performance reasonable partition, generally divided into: digital circuit area (that is, afraid of interference, and interference), analog circuit area

(fear of interference), power drive area (interference source);

(2). Whakaotia te mahi kotahi o te ara iahiko, me whakanoho kia tata, ka whakatika i nga waahanga kia maarama ai te hononga tino maamaa; At the same time, adjust the relative position between the functional blocks to make the connection between the functional blocks the most concise;

(3). Installation position and installation intensity should be considered for components with large mass; Te wehenga o te whakamahana kia wehea mai i te waahanga o te paemahana, mena ka tika ana, me whakaaro ki nga mahi whakariterite wera;

(4). Ko te taputapu taraiwa I / O kia tata ki te taha o te pereti taarua, tata ki te hononga putanga;

(5). Clock generator (such as: crystal oscillator or clock oscillator) should be as close as possible to the device using the clock;

6. In each integrated circuit between the power input pin and the ground, need to add a decoupling capacitor (generally using high frequency good monolithic capacitor); Ka taea hoki te whakanoho i tetahi miihini whakaahuri huri noa i te maha o nga huringa honohono i te wa e kikii ana te waahi poari taiawhio.

Nga rangatira whenua katoa. Whakawhanaungia te taera hei taapiri i te diode tuku (ka taea te 1N4148);

I tenei ra. Ko nga whakaritenga whakatakotoranga kia taurite, kia totoka, kia tika, kaua hei runga-taumaha, kia taimaha ranei

— Special attention should be paid to the actual size (area and height) of the components and the relative position of the components when placing the components to ensure the electrical performance of the circuit board and the feasibility and convenience of production and installation. At the same time, the above principles should be reflected

I raro i te kaupapa, whakarereke tika te whakanohonoho o nga taputapu kia ma, kia ataahua. Hei tauira, ko nga taputapu kotahi me whakanoho tika, kia kotahi te ahunga, kaua ki te “horahia i te tupurangi”. This step concerns the difficulty of board integral figure and next wiring degree, want to spend big effort to consider so. A, no te whakatakotoranga, ka taea te hanga waea tuatahi ki te waahi kaore e tino whakamanahia, kia tino whakaarohia.

Tuawha: waea waea. Ko te waea hiko te mahi nui rawa atu ki te hoahoa PCB. Ka pa tonu tenei ki nga mahi a te poari PCB. I te wa o te hoahoa PCB, e toru nga waahanga wehewehe o te waea waea: ko te tuatahi ko te tohatoha, koinei te whakaritenga matua mo te hoahoa PCB. If the line is not cloth, get everywhere is flying line, it will be a unqualified board, can say that there is no entry. The second is the satisfaction of electrical performance. Koinei te paerewa hei whakatau mena he tika te poari ara iahiko. Ko tenei i muri o te tohatoha, aata whakatika i nga waea waea, kia tutuki ai te mahi hiko pai. Na kei reira nga rerehua. Mena i honoa to kakahu waea waea, kaore ano hoki te waahi e pa ki nga mahi hiko hiko, engari me titiro ki te taha whakarihariha, taapirihia he karakara, karakara karakara, e tatau ana he pehea te pai o to mahi taputapu hiko, me para noa ki etahi atu. Ma tenei ka raru katoa mo te whakamatau me te tiaki. Kia pai te taera o te hononga waea, kaua e whiti i te kore ture. Katoa enei kia tutuki i roto i te horopaki o te whakarite i te mahinga hiko me te whakatutuki i etahi atu whakaritenga takitahi, mena ko te whakarere i te kaupapa. Me whakahaere nga waea hiko kia rite ki nga tikanga e whai ake nei:

(1). I te nuinga o te waa, ko te taura hiko me te taura whenua me whakawhiti i te tuatahi ki te whakarite i nga mahi hiko o te poari ara iahiko. I roto i te waahanga e ahei ana te ahua, whanui te whanui o te tuku hiko, waea waea tae noa ki te waa, ko te mea pai ko te waea whenua he whanui atu i te raina hiko, ko to raatau hononga: waea whenua> raina hiko> raina tohu, te nuinga o te raina tohu whanui : 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, ko te whanui tino angiangi ka tae ki te 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, ko te raina hiko 1.2 ~ 2.5mm te tikanga. The PCB of a digital circuit can be used in a circuit with wide ground conductors, that is, a ground network. (Analog ground cannot be used in this way.)

(2). I mua atu, ko nga whakaritenga taumaha o te waea (penei i te raina auau teitei) mo nga waea waea, whakauru me te raina taha whakaputa me karo i te taha whakarara, kia kore ai e puta te aarai whakaata. Ka tika ana, me taapiri te waea whenua ki te wehe, a ko nga waea e rua o nga papa e piri ana tetahi ki tetahi, he ngawari ki te whakaputa i te taatai ​​paratari ki te taha e rua.

(3). Ko nga whare oscillator me papaa, a ko te raina karaka kia poto rawa atu, a kia kaua e horapa puta noa i te waahi. Kei raro o te ara huringa huringa o te karaka, kia piki te rohe o te whenua i te ara tere tere tino motuhake, kaua hoki e haere ki etahi atu raina tohu, kia ahua kore te mara hiko.

(4). Hei whakaheke i te hihi o te tohu auau teitei, me whakamahi te raina pakaru 45O tae noa ki te waa ka taea, kaua te 90O raina pakaru. (Ko nga whakaritenga nui o te raina e whakamahi ana i te arc takirua)

(5). Ko nga raina tohu kaua e hanga he koropiko, ki te kore e taea te karo, kia iti rawa te koropiko; Ko te raina tohu i roto i te poka kia iti ake te taea;

6. Ko te raina matua kia poto, kia matotoru hoki, me te whakamarumaru i nga taha e rua.

Nga rangatira whenua katoa. Ka tukuna ana te tohu tairongo me te tohu papa haruru ma te taura papatahi, ka whakamahia te tikanga o te “tohu whenua – tohu – waea whenua”.

I tenei ra. Me rahuitia nga tohu whakamatautau mo nga tohu matua hei awhina i te whakangao me te tiaki whakamatautau

Rupi ingoa Pet. I muri i te whakaotinga o te waea hoahoa hoahoa, me arotau te waea waea; At the same time, after the preliminary network check and DRC check is correct, the ground wire is filled in the area without wiring, and a large area of copper layer is used as ground wire, and the unused places are connected with the ground as ground wire on the printed board. Hangaia ranei kia maha-papa papa, tuku mana, raina tuuturu ka noho ia paparanga.

– Nga whakaritenga whakaritenga waea waea PCB

(1). raina

Te tikanga, ko te whanui raina tohu ko 0.3mm (12mil), a ko te whanui raina hiko he 0.77mm (30mil) ranei 1.27mm (50mil). Raina ki

Ko te tawhiti i waenga i nga raina, i waenga i nga raina me nga papa kia nui ake i te orite ki te 0.33mm (13mil) ranei. I roto i te tono whaihua, me whakaaro ki te whakanui i te tawhiti ka whakaaetia nga tikanga; Mena he teitei te taapiri, he mea tika (engari kaore i te taunakitia) kia whakamahia kia rua nga taura i waenga i nga tohu IC. Ko te whanui o nga taura he 0.254mm (10mil), a ko te tawhiti i waenga i nga taura kaore e iti iho i te 0.254mm (10mil).

I raro i nga ahuatanga motuhake, ka pupuhi ana te titi o te taputapu, ka kuiti te whanui, ka taea te whakaheke tika i te whanui raina me te waahi raina.

(2). PAD (PAD)

Ko nga whakaritenga taketake o te PAD me te kohao whakawhiti (VIA) ko: te diameter o te PAD he nui ake i te 0.6mm i te diameter o te kohao; Hei tauira, nga parenga momo pene o te ao, nga kaitahuri me nga ara hiko whakauru, te whakamahi i te rahi o te kōpae / poka 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), turanga, pine me te diode 1N4007, ma te whakamahi i te 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). I roto i te whakamahinga whaihua, me whakatau kia rite ki te rahi o nga waahanga tuuturu. Mena e waatea ana nga tikanga, ka taea te whakarahi tika i te rahi o te papa. Ko te kohinga whakauru o nga waahanga kua hoahoatia ki runga i te papa PCB, kia 0.2 ~ 0.4mm te rahi ake i te rahi o nga titi.

(3). Through hole (VIA)

Te tikanga 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);

Mena he teitei te taura waea, ka taea te whakaiti tika i te rahi o te kohao, engari kaua e iti rawa, ka taea te whakaaro ki te 1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil).

(4). Nga whakaritenga mokowhiti mo nga papa, waea me nga rua-puta

PADandVIA: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

PADandPAD: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

PADANDTRACK: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

TRACKandTRACK: ≥0.3mm (12mil)

Ka teitei ana te kiato:

PADandVIA: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

PADandPAD: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

PADANDTRACK: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

TRACKandTRACK: ≥0.254mm (10mil)

Tuarima: arotautanga waea waea me te taarua mata. “Kaore he pai ake, pai ake anake”! Ahakoa te nui o te kaha e whakapau ana koe ki te hoahoa, ka oti ana, tirohia ano, ka raru tonu pea koe. Ko te tikanga hoahoa whanui o te koromatua ko te waea waea tino pai kia rua wa te roa atu i nga waea waea tuatahi. Ka kite ana koe kaore he mea hei whakatika, ka taea te tuu parahi. Paparanga Polygon). Te whakatakoto parahi i te nuinga o te waa e tuu ana i te waea whenua (kia tupato ki te wehenga o te whenua tairitenga me te whenua matihiko), me aata mana pea te poari multilayer. Mo te taatai ​​mata, kia tupato taatau kia kore e aukatihia e te taputapu, kia tangohia ranei e te kohao me te papa. I te wa ano, hoahoa ki te kanohi ki te mata o te waahanga, ko te raro o te kupu hei tukatuka whakaata, kia kore e whakapoauau te taumata.

Tuaono: Tirohanga whatunga me te DRC me te huringa hanganga. Tuatahi, i runga i te whakaaro he tika te hoahoa taatai, ko nga konae whatunga PCB i hangaia me nga konae whatunga whakahekeheke he NETCHKO mo te hononga hononga-a-tinana, a kua whakatikatikahia te hoahoa kia rite ki nga hua o te konae whakaputa kia mau ai te pono o te hononga hononga waea; I muri i te huringa tika o te haki whatunga, ka whakatutukihia te haki DRC ki te hoahoa PCB, a ka whakatikahia te hoahoa kia rite ki nga hua o te konae whakaputa i te wa kia pai ai te mahi hiko o nga waea PCB. Hei whakamutunga, ko te hanganga whakauru miihini o PCB me tirotiro me te whakatuturu.

Tuawhitu: te mahi pereti. It is best to have a review process before doing so.

Ko te hoahoa PCB he whakamatautau i te hinengaro o nga mahi, ko wai e tata ana ki te hinengaro, he wheako nui, he pai te hoahoa o te poari. Na me aata tupato te hoahoa, ata whakaarohia nga ahuatanga o nga ahuatanga katoa (penei i te awhina i te tiaki me te tirotiro i tenei kaore te nuinga o te iwi e whakaaro ana), te kairangi, ka taea te hanga poari pai.